After Parker, 1982, Bechly, 1998-2002, “The Tree of Life”, and Grimaldi & Engel, 2005
Insecta (insects; hyönteiset)
Archaeognatha [Microcoryphia; †Monura; Thysanura: Machiloidea] (bristletails; sukahäntäiset)
Dicondylia
Zygentoma [Thysanura: Lepismatoidea] (kolmisukahäntäiset; silverfish and firebrats)
Pterygota (siipikantaiset; winged insects)
Ephemeroptera [Panephemeroptera Crampton, 1928] (mayflies; päivänkorennot)
Metapterygota Börner, 1904
†Palaeodictyopteroida sensu Bechly, 1996 [Protorrhynchota Rohdendorf, 1968]
†Palaeodictyoptera [paraphyletic]
†Megasecoptera
†Diaphanopterodea
†Permothemistida [incl. †Diathemoptera] [Dicliptera sensu Grimaldi & Engel, 2005; Archodonata Martynov sensu Kluge, 2000]
Odonatoptera Martynov, 1932 [Odonata sensu lato] (dragonflies & damselflies; sudenkorennonsiipiset)
†Geroptera Brodsky, 1994
Holodonata
†Protodonata [paraphyletic sensu Bechly, 1998-2002]
Odonata Fabricius, 1793 (modern dragonflies and damselflies; nykysudenkorennot)
Neoptera Martynov, 1923 [Neopterygota Crampton, 1924] (uussiipiset; bugs, beetles, wasps, moths, flies, etc.)
Polyneoptera [Orthopterodea]
†Paraplecoptera
“Blattodea”
Dictyoptera (cockroaches, termites, mantids; torakat, termiitit, rukoilijasirkat)
“Blattaria” (cockroaches; torakat)
Isoptera (termites; termiitit)
Mantodea (praying mantises; rukoilijasirkat)
Anartioptera
Plecopterida
Plecoptera [incl.? †“Protoperlaria”] (stoneflies; koskikorennot)
Embiodea [Embiidina; Embioptera] (web-spinners; kehruujalkaiset)
Zoraptera (sorotäit)
Polyorthoptera
?†Protelytroptera
?Dermaptera (earwigs; pihtihäntäiset)
Notopterodea Arillo & Engel, 2006
Notoptera Crampton, 1915 sensu Arillo & Engel, 2006 [Xenotomia Terry & Whiting, 2005] [incl. Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea] (crawlers)
†“Protorthoptera”
Orthopterida
Phasmatodea [Phasmida] (walking sticks and leaf insects; kummitussirkat, sauvasirkat)
†Titanoptera
†Caloneurodea
Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, etc.; suorasiipiset)
Eumetabola
†Miomoptera
†Glosselytrodea
Paraneoptera [Hemipterodea] (bugs, thrips, lice)
Psocodea
“Psocoptera” (book lice; jäytiäiset)
Phthiraptera (lice; luteet)
Condylognatha
Hemiptera [incl. Homoptera & Heteroptera] (bugs, cicadas, whiteflies, aphids, etc.; nivelkärsäiset)
Thysanoptera (thrips; ripsiäiset)
Holometabola [Endopterygota] (beetles, wasps, moths, flies, etc.)
Coleoptera (beetles; kovakuoriaiset)
Neuropterida [Planipennia; Neuroptera after Palker, 1982] (lacewings, antlions, owflies, etc.; kaislakorennot, käärmekorennot ja verkkosiipiset)
Megaloptera
Raphidioptera
Neuroptera
Hymenopterida
Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants and sawflies; pistiäiset)
Panorpida
Amphiesmenoptera
Trichoptera (caddisflies)
Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies; perhoset)
Antliophora
Mecopteroidea
“Mecoptera” (scorpionflies, hangingflies)
Siphonaptera (fleas; kirput)
Halteria
?Strepsiptera (twisted-winged parasites; kierresiipiset)
Diptera (flies and mosqitos; kaksisiipiset)
Reference(s):
- Bechly, G., 1998-2002a: Phylogenetic classification of fossil and extant odonates.
–iNet: Günter Bechly's Odonatology Webpage: Phylogenetic Systematics of Odonata: http://www.bechly.de/system.htm - Bechly, G., 1998-2002b: Phylogenetic Systematics of basal Pterygota and Stem-Group Odonates.
–iNet: Günter Bechly's Odonatology Webpage: Phylogenetic Systematics of Odonata: http://www.bechly.de/odonato1.htm - Grimaldi, D. A. & Engel, M. S., 2005: Evolution of the Insects.
–Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005, xv-755 - Klass, K.-D., Zompro, O., Kristensen, N. P. & Adis, J., 2002: Mantophasmodea: a new insect order with extant members in the Afrotropics.
–Science: Vol. 296, pp. 1456-1459 - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 6: Selkärangattomat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beaut, Du Monde Animal XI & XII Invertébrés.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Maddison, D. R., 1995-1998: Archaeognatha – bristletails.
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/animals/arthropoda/hexapoda/archaeognatha/archaeognatha.html - Maddison, D. R., 1995-1998: Embiidina – Web spinners.
–iNet: The Tree of Life - Maddison, D. R., 1995-2000: Insecta.
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/animals/arthropoda/hexapoda/insecta.html - Maddison, D. R., 1995-1998: Neoptera.
–iNet: The Tree of Life - Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
–McGrew-Hill Book Company - Wheeler, W. C., Whiting, M., Wheeler, Q. D. & Carpenter, J. M., 2001: The phylogeny of the extant hexapod orders.
–Gladistics: Vol. 17, #2, pp. 113-169