After Parker, 1982, “The Tree of Life”, and Grimaldi & Engel, 2005
<==o Hymenoptera Linnaeus, 1758 [Vespida Laicharting, 1781] (pistiäiset; wasps, bees, ants and sawflies) `==o Symphyta [paraphyletic] |--o Xyelinae [paraphyletic Xyeloidea: Xyelidae] (pikkupuupistiäiset) | |-- †Archexyela Trias. Aust. | |-- †Madygenius Trias. Aust. | |-- †Angarixyela vitimica L.Cret. CAs. | |-- Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898 | |-- Pleroneura Konow, 1897 | |-- Xyela Dalman, 1819 | `-- Xyelecia Ross, 1932 `--+--o Macroxyelinae [paraphyletic Xyeloidea: Xyelidae] | `--o Macroxyela Kirby, 1882 | `-- M. ferruginea `--o Neohymenoptera |--o Tenthredinoidea Latreille, 1802 (lehtipistiäismäiset) | |-- †“Xyelotomidae” Rasnitsyn, 1968 [incl. †Protenthredinidae Hong, 1982] | `--+--o Blasticotomidae | | |-- Blasticotoma Klug, 1834 | | |-- Bohea Maa, 1944 | | `-- Paremphytus Brues, 1908 | `--+--+-- Electrotomidae | | `--+-- Argidae (ruusupistiäiset) | | `-- Pergidae | `--+-- Tenthredinidae (lehtipistiäiset) | `--+-- Cimbicidae (nuijapistiäiset) | `-- Diprionidae (neulaspistiäiset) `--+--o Pamphilioidea [Megalodontoidea] | |-- †“Xyelydidae” Rasnitsyn, 1968 | |-- †“Praesiricidae” | |-- †“Parapamphiliidae” | |--o Pamphiliidae [Lydites Newman, 1834; Lytidae Newman, 1834] (kudospistiäiset) | | |-- Pamphilius Latreille, 1802 [Lyda Fabricius, 1804] | | `== other Pamphiliids | `-- Megalodontesidae [Megalodontidae] `--+--o Cephoidea | |-- †“Sepulcidae” | `--o Cephidae (korsipistiäiset) | `-- Cephini `--+--+-- †Gigasiricidae | `--o Anaxyelidae | |-- †Prosyntexis gouleti L.Cret. ESA. | `-- Syntexis libocedrii `--+--o Siricidae [Siricoidea] (horntails; puupistiäiset) | |-- Tremicinae | `-- Siricinae |?- Syntexidae `--+--o Xiphydrioidea | `-- Xiphydriidae `--o Euhymenoptera [Vespina] |--o Orussioidea [Idiogastra Rohwer & Turner, 1917] | |-- †“Paroryssidae” | `--o Orussidae (loissahapistiäiset) | |-- †Mesorussus taimyrensis U.Cret. NAs. | |-- †Minyorussus luzzii U.Cret. ENA. | `== Recent orussids `-- Apocrita Gerstäcker, 1867 (wasp-waisted hymenopterans; hoikkatyviset)
Reference(s):
- Grimaldi, D. A. & Engel, M. S., 2005: Evolution of the Insects.
–Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005, xv-755 - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 6: Selkärangattomat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beaut, Du Monde Animal XI & XII Invertébrés.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Nel, A., Petrulevicius, J. F. & Henrotay, M., 2004: New Early Jurassic sawflies from Luxembourg: the oldest record of Tenthredinoidea (Hymenoptera: “Symphyta”).
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 49, #2, pp. 283-288 - Tree of Life Web Project, 1995: Hymenoptera. Wasps, ants, bees, and sawflies. Version 01 January 1995 (temporary).
–http://tolweb.org/Hymenoptera/8232/1995.01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org - Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
–McGrew-Hill Book Company - Rasnitsyn, A. P., Zhang, H.-C. & Wang, B., 2006: Bizarre fossil insects: web-spinning sawflies of the genus Ferganolyda (Vespida, Pamphilioidea) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China.
–Palaeontology: Vol. 49, #4, pp. 907-916