Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

Insecta – insects

After Grimaldi & Engel, 2005

Alternative phylogeny after Parker, 1982, Bechly, 1998-2002 and "The Tree of Life"

<==o Insecta Linnaeus, 1758 [Ectognatha] (insects; hyönteiset)
   |-- Archaeognatha Börner, 1904 [Microcoryphia; †Monura; Thysanura: Machiloidea] (bristletails; sukahäntäiset)
   `--o Dicondylia sensu lato
      |-- Zygentoma Börner, 1904 [Thysanura Latreille, 1796: Lepismatoidea; Apterata Boudreaux, 1979] (silverfish and firebrats; kolmisukahäntäiset)
      `--o Pterygota sensu Grimaldi & Engel, 2005 (winged insects; siipikantaiset)
         |-- Ephemeroptera [Panephemeroptera Crampton, 1928] (päivänkorennot; mayflies)
         `--+?- †Triplosoba pulchella Brongniart, 1893; U.Carb. WEu. [†Protephemeroptera Handlisch 1906: †Triplosobidae]
            `--o Metapterygota Börner, 1904 sensu Grimaldi & Engel, 2005
               |?- †Rhyniognatha hirsti Tillyard, 1928b
               |--o Odonatoptera Martynov, 1932 sensu Grimaldi & Engel, 2005 [Odonata sensu lato] (dragonfly-winged palaeopterans; sudenkorennonsiipiset)
               |  |-- †Geroptera Brodsky, 1994
               |  `--o Holodonata [Neodonataptera Bechly, 1996]
               |     |-- †Protodonata [†Meganisoptera Martynov, 1932 sensu Bechly, 1996 (griffenflies; griippikorennot)
               |     `-- Odonata [Odonatoclada Bechly, 1998; Panodialata Nel, Gand & Garric, 1999] (dragonflies and damselflies; suden- ja neidonkorennot)
               |--o †Palaeodictyopteroida  sensu Grimaldi & Engel, 2005 [Protorrhynchota Rohdendorf, 1968]
               |  |?- †Spilapteridae
               |  |== †Palaeodictyoptera [paraphyletic]
               |  `--+-- †Diaphanopterodea Handlirsch, 1906 [Paramegasecoptera]
               |     `--+-- †Dicliptera Grimaldi & Engel, 2005 [incl. †Diathemoptera & †Permothemistida] [Archodonata Martynov sensu Kluge, 2000]
               |        `-- †Megasecoptera
               `-- Neoptera Martynov, 1923 [Neopterygota Crampton, 1924] (uussiipiset; bugs, beetles, wasps, moths, flies, etc.)

<==o Insecta
   |-- Archaeognatha
   `--o Dicondylia sensu lato
      |-- †Monura
      `--o Dicondylia sensu stricto
         |-- Zygentoma
         `--o Pterygota
            |?- †Rhyniognatha
            |-- Palaeoptera Martynov, 1925
            `-- Neoptera

Reference(s):

• Bechly, G., 1998-2002a: Phylogenetic classification of fossil and extant odonates.
  –iNet: Günter Bechly's Odonatology Webpage: Phylogenetic Systematics of Odonata: http://www.bechly.de/system.htm
• Bechly, G., 1998-2002b: Phylogenetic Systematics of basal Pterygota and Stem-Group Odonates.
  –iNet: Günter Bechly's Odonatology Webpage: Phylogenetic Systematics of Odonata: http://www.bechly.de/odonato1.htm
• Engel, M. S. & Grimaldi, D. A., 2004: New light shed on the oldest insect.
  –Nature: Vol. 427, pp. 627-630
• Grimaldi, D. A. & Engel, M. S., 2005: Evolution of the Insects.
  –Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005, xv-755
• Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 6: Selkärangattomat.
  –Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
  Original work [in French]: Beaut, Du Monde Animal XI & XII Invertébrés.
  –Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968.
• Maddison, D. R., 1995-1998: Archaeognatha – bristletails.
  –iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/animals/arthropoda/hexapoda/archaeognatha/archaeognatha.html
• Maddison, D. R., 1995-2000: Insecta.
  –iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/animals/arthropoda/hexapoda/insecta.html
• Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
  –McGrew-Hill Book Company