Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

Caniformia - dog-like carnivores

After McKenna & Bell, 1997, Wesley & Flynn, 2003, and Wesley-Hunt & Flynn, 2005

<==o Caniformia Kretzoi, 1943 (dog-like carnivores; koiramaiset petoeläimet)
   |--+-- †“Miacis” cognitus Gustafson, 1986
   |  `-- †Amphicyonidae Trouessart, 1885 (dogbears; koirakarhut)
   `--+-- †Lycophocyon hutchisoni Tomiya, 2011; M.Eoc. SWNAm.
      `--+-- Canidae Gray, 1821 [Cynoidea:]
         `--+-- †Zodiolestes diamonelixensis
            `--+-- Pinnipedimorpha Berta, 1991 [Pinnipedia sensu lato] (seals; eväjalkaiset petoeläimet)
               `--+-- Mustelidae (weasels; näädät)
                  `--+-- Procyonidae (half-bears, raccoons; puolikarhut)
                     `--+-- Ailuridae Gray, 1843 [Procyonidae: Simocyoninae + Ailurinae] (golden pandas; pikkupandat)
                        `--o Ursoidea Flower, 1869 (bear-like carnivores; karhunsukuiset petoeläimet)
                           `-- Ursidae Fisher de Waldheim, 1817 non? Gray, 1825 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 [Ursinae sensu Ginsburg & Morales, 1998 and  Astibia, Morales & Ginsburg, 2000] (bears; karhut)

Alternative phylogenies of Caniformia:

<==o Caniformia
   |-- Canidae
   `--o Arctoidea
      |-- Ursidae
      `--o Mustelida
         |--o Pinnipedia
         |  |-- Phocidae
         |  `--+-- Otariidae
         |     `-- Odobenidae
         `--o Musteloidea
            |-- Mephitidae
            `--+-- Ailuridae
               `--+-- Procyonidae
                  `-- Mustelidae

<==o Caniformia
   |-- Canidae
   `--o Arctoidea
      |-- Ursidae
      `--o Mustelida
         |--o Pinnipedia
         |  |-- Phocidae
         |  `--+-- Otariidae
         |     `-- Odobenidae
         `--o Musteloidea
            |-- Ailuridae
            `--+-- Mephitidae
               `--+-- Procyonidae
                  `-- Mustelidae

<==o Caniformia
   |--o “Cynoidea”
   |  `-- Canidae
   `--o Arctoidea
      |--o Mustelida
      |  |-- Mustelidae
      |  `--+-- Ailuridae
      |     `-- Procyonidae
      `--o Ursida
         |-- Ursidae
         `--o Pinnipedia
            |-- Phocidae
            `--+-- Otariidae
               `-- Odobenidae

Reference(s):

• Alroy, J., 2002: North American fossil mammal systematics database.
  –iNet: North American fossil mammal systematics database: http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/nafmsd.html
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
  in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
• Flynn, J. J., Finarelli, J. A., Zehr, S., Hsu, J. & Nedbal, M. A., 2005: Molecular phylogeny of the Carnivora (Mammalia): assessing the impact of increased sampling on resolving enigmatic relationships.
  –Systematic Biology: Vol. 54, #2, pp. 317-337 [doi: 10.1080/10635150590923326]
• Gebo, D. L. & Rose, K. D., 1993: Skeletal morphology and locomotor adaptation in Prolimnocyon atavus, an Early Eocene hyaenodontid creodont.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 13, #1, pp. 125-144
• McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
  –Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631
• Sato, J. J., Wolsan, M., Minami, S., Hosoda, T., Sinaga, M. H., Hiyama, K., Yamaguchi, Y. & Suzuki, H., 2009: Deciphering and dating the red panda's ancestry and early adaptive radiation of Musteloidea.
  –Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: Vol. 53, #3, pp. 907-922 [doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.019]
• Tomiya, S., 2011: A New Basal Caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and Remarks on the Phylogeny of Early Carnivorans.
  –Plos One: Vol. 6, #9, e24146, pp. 1-24 [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024146]
• Wesley-Hunt, G. D. & Flynn, J. J., 2005: Phylogeny of the Carnivora: basal relationships among the Carnivoramorphans, and assessment of the position of ‘Miacoidea’ relative to Carnivora.
  –Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: Vol. 3, #1, pp. 1-28
• Wesley, G. D. & Flynn, J. J., 2003: A revision of Tapocyon (Carnivoramorpha), including analysis of the first cranial specimens and identification of a new species.
  –Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 77, #4, pp. 769-783
• Wyss, A. R. & Flynn, J. J., 1993: A phylogenetic analysis and definition of the Carnivora. 32-52
  in Szalay, F. S., Novacek, M. J. & McKenna, M. C., (eds.) 1993: Mammal phylogeny - Placentals.
  –Springer-Verlag, New York,