After Viranta, 1996, McKenna & Bell, 1997, Ginsburg, 2001, Zhai, Ciochon, Tong, Savage, Morlo, Holroyd & Gunnell, 2003, and Peigné, Salesa, Antón & Morales, 2008, with species from “Paleobiology Database”
<==o †Amphicyonidae Haeckel, 1866 non Trouessart, 1885 (beardogs, koirakarhut) |?-o †Euoplocyon Matthew, 1924 | |-- †E. brachygnathus (Douglass, 1903) [Euoplocyon praedator Matthew, 1924] | `-- †E. spissidens (White, 1947) |?- †Guangxicyon sinoamericanus Zhai, Ciochon, Tong, D. E. Savage, Morlo, Holroyd & Gunnell, 2003 [Guangxicynodon sinocaliforniae Russell & Chai (= Zhai), 1987 (nomen nudum)] |?- †Mammacyon obtusidens Loomis, 1936 |?-o †Paradaphoenus Wortman & Matthew, 1899 | |-- †P. cuspigerus (Cope, 1878) [Amphicyon entoptychi Cope, 1879] | |-- †P. minimus (Hough, 1948) | `-- †P. tooheyi Hunt, Jr. 2001 |?- †Protemnocyon inflatus Hatcher, 1901 |?- †Symplectocyon Springhorn, 1979 |?- †Vishnucyon Pilgrim, 1932 |?- †Harpagocyon Springhorn, 1977 |?- †Aktaucyonini |--o †Haplocyoninae | |--o †Haplocyon Schlosser, 1901 | | |-- †H. dombrowski | | |-- †H. elegans | | `-- †H. crucians | |--o †Haplocyonoides Hürzeler, 1940 | | |-- †H. mordax | | |-- †H. serbiae | | `-- †H. ponticus | `-- †Haplocyonopsis de Bonis, 1973 `--+--o †Daphoeninae Lartet, 1836 | |--o †Daphoenus Leidy, 1853 [Pericyon Thorpe, 1922; Proamphicyon Hatcher, 1902] | | |-- †D. hartshornianus (Cope, 1873) | | |-- †D. lambei Russell, 1934 [Daphoenus demilo Dawson, 1980] | | |-- †D. ruber Stock, 1932 | | |-- †D. socialis (Thorpe, 1922) | | |-- †D. transversus (Wortman & Matthew, 1899) | | `-- †D. vetus Leidy, 1853 [Proamphicyon nebrascensis Hatcher, 1902] | `--+--o †Cynodictis Bravard & Pomel 1850 | | `-- †C. elegans Matthew & Granger 1924 | `--+-- †Daphoenictis tedfordi Hunt, Jr. 1974 | `--+?- †Daphoenocyon minor Clark et al. 1967 [jr. synon. of †Brachyrhynchocyon dodgei??] | `--+--o †Brachyrhynchocyon Loomis, 1936 [Brachicyon Loomis, 1931; Daphoenocyon Hough, 1948] | | |-- †B. dodgei (Scott, 1898) [Daphoenocyon minor Clark et al. 1967; Daphoenus canadensis Russell, 1934; Daphoenus felinus Scott, 1898; Miacis matthewi Schlaikjer 1935] | | |-- †B. intermedius (Loomis 1931) | | `-- †B. montanus Hunt, Jr. 1996 | `--o †Temnocyon Cope, 1878 | |-- †T. altigenis Cope, 1878 | |-- †T. ferox Eyerman, 1894 | |-- †T. percussor Cook, 1909 | |-- †T. typicus Loomis, 1936 | `-- †T. wallovianus Cope, 1881 `--o †Amphicyoninae Haeckel, 1866 non Trouessart, 1885 |?- †Euroamphicyon olisiponensis () Viranta, 1996 [Amphicyon olisiponensis] |?- †Pambiguus |?- †Crassidia intermedia (von Meyer 1849) Heizmann & Kordikova, 2000 |-- †Pseudamphicyon Schlosser, 1887 `--+--o †Brachycyon Filhol, 1872 | |-- †B. reyi (Ginsburg, 1966) | |-- †B. palaeolycos | `-- †B. gaudryi `--+-- †Amphicyanis Springhorn, 1977 `--+-- †Sarcocyon Ginsburg, 1966 `--+-- †Harpagophagus sanguinensis De Bonis, 1971 `--+--o †Cynelos Jourdan, 1862 [Absonodaphoenus Olsen, 1958; Heizmannocyon Ginsburg, 1999; Hecubides Savage, 1965] E.-M.Mio. NAm., Olig.-M.Mio. Eu. Af. | |?- †C. sp. [NAm. 1] | |?- †C. sp. [NAm. 2] | |?- †C. sp. [NAm. 3] | |-- †C. caroniavorus (White, 1942) [Parictis bathygenus White, 1947] | |-- †C. crassidens | |-- †C. piveteaui | |-- †C. quercensis | |-- †C. bohemicus [C. dietrichi] | |-- †C. helbingi | |-- †C. lemanensis (Pomel, 1846) | |-- †C. rugosidens | |-- †C. schlosseri | |-- †C. sinapius (Matthew, 1902) [Amphicyon amnicola Matthew & Cook, 1909] | |-- †C. idoneus (Matthew, 1924) [C. inoneus (lapsus calami)] | `--+-- †C. euryodon Savage, 1965 [Hecubides euryodon] | `-- †C. macrodon Savage, 1965 [Hecubides macrodon] `--+-- †Goupilictis Ginsburg, 1969 `--+--+--o †Ysengrinia Ginsburg, 1965; L.Olig.-E.Mio. NAm. NAf. Eu. | | |-- †Y. gerardiana (Viret, 1929) [Pseudocyon gerardianus] | | |-- †Y. ginsburgi Morales et al., 1998 | | |-- †Y. valentiana Belinchon & Morales, 1989 | | |-- †Y. tolosana (Noulet, 1876) | | |-- †Y. depereti (Mayet, 1908) | | `-- †Y. americana (Wortman, 1901) | `?-+--o †Thaumastocyon Stehlin & Helbing, 1925 [Thaumastocyoninae] | | |-- †T. dirus | | `-- †T. bourgeoisi Stehlin & Helbing, 1925 | `--o †Magericyon Peigné, Salesa, Antón & Morales, 2008 | |-- †M. anceps Peigné, Salesa, Antón & Morales, 2008 [Amphicyon castellanus Fraile et al., 1997; Amphicyon (Euroamphicyon) castellanus Ginsburg, 1999; Amphicyon sp. cf. A. castellanus Morales et al., 2004] | `-- †M. castellanus [Amphicyon castellanus] `--+--o †Amphicyon Lartet, 1836 [Arctamphicyon Pilgrim, 1932; Amphicyonops; Hubacyon Kretzoi, 1985; Megamphicyon Kuss, 1965; Progenetta; Miohyaena] | |--+-- †A. galushai Hunt Jr., 2003 | | |-- †A. frendens Matthew, 1924 | | `-- †A. ingens Matthew, 1924 | |-- †A. astrei | |-- †A. aurelianensis | |-- †A. caucasicus | |-- †A. confucianus | |--+?- †A. laugnacensis | | |?- †A. lathanicus | | `?- †A. giganteus (Schinz, 1825) [Megamphicyon] | |-- †A. eibiswaldensis | |-- †A. longiramus White, 1942 [Amphicyon intermedius White, 1940] | |-- †A. major De Blainville, 1841 [incl.? A. eppelsheimensis; A. steinheimensis [= Pseudocyon steinheimensis]] | |-- †A. pontoni Simpson, 1930 | |-- †A. serus | |-- †A. styriacus | |-- †A. reinheimeri Cook, 1926 | |-- †A. riggsi McGrew, 1939 | |-- †A. tairumensis | `-- †A. ulungurensis `--+-- †“Amphicyon” gutmanni Viranta, 1996 `--+-- †Pseudocyonopsis Kuss, 1965 `--+--o †Pseudocyon Lartet, 1851 [Amphicyonopsis Viret, 1929] | |-- †P. sansaniensis Lartet, 1851 | |-- †P. steinheimensis Fraas, 1885 [Cynelos steinheimensis Hunt, 1998; Amphicyon steinheimensis Heizmann, 1973; Ginsburg, 1999] | |-- †P. styriacus | `-- †P. intermedius [=? Crassidia] `--+-- †Arctamphicyon Pilgrim, 1932 `--+-- †Ictiocyon socialis (Schlosser, 1904) Crusafont-Pairó et al., 1955 `--+?- †Borocyon robustus Peterson, 1910 [jr. synon. of Daphoenodon Peterson, 1909??] `--+-- †Pseudarctos bavaricus Schlosser, 1899 `--+-- †Hubacyon pannonicus Kretzoi, 1985 [Amphicyon hubacyon; Viranta, 1996] `--+--o †Daphoenodon Peterson, 1909 [Borocyon Peterson, 1910] | |-- †D. falkenbachi Hunt jr., 2002 | |-- †D. notionastes Frailey, 1979 | |-- †D. robustum (Peterson, 1910) [=? Borocyon robustus Peterson, 1910] | |-- †D. skinneri Hunt jr., 2002 | `-- †D. superbus (Peterson, 1907) [Daphoenodon niobrarensis Loomis, 1936; Daphoenodon periculosus Cook, 1909] `--+--o †Megamphicyon Kuss, 1965 | `-- †M. giganteus (Schinz, 1825) [Amphicyon giganteus] `--+-- †Afrocyon Arambourg, 1961 `--+--o †Pliocyon Matthew, 1918 | |-- †P. medius Matthew, 1918 | |-- †P. ossifragus (Douglass, 1903) | `-- †P. robustus Berta & Galiano, 1984 `--+-- †Ischyrocyon gidleyi (Matthew, 1902) Matthew & Gidley 1904 [Hadrocyon mohavensis Stock & Furlong, 1926; Ischyrocyon hyaenodus Matthew & Gidley, 1904; Pliocyon walkerae Johnston & Christian, 1941] `--+?- †Hadrocyon mohavensis Stock & Furlong, 1926 [jr. synon. of Ischyrocyon gidleyi??] `--+--o †Agnotherium Kaup, 1932 | |-- †A. antuquin | |-- †A. grivense (Viret, 1929) | `-- †A. antiquus `--+-- †Myacyon `--o †Gobicyon Colbert, 1839 |-- †G. macrognathus `-- †G. zhegalloi
After Peigné, Salesa, Antón & Morales, 2008 (fig. 7b):<==o †Amphicyonidae |-- †Haplocyon [Haplocyoninae] `--o †Amphicyoninae |-- †Pambiguus `--+-- Cynelos `--+--+-- †Ictiocyon | `-- †Pseudarctos `--+-- †Amphicyon |-- †Pseudocyon sansanensis |-- †Pseudocyon steinheimensis |-- †Crassidia `--+-- †Ysengrinia `--+-- †Thaumastocyon `-- †Magericyon |
Reference(s):
- Albright III, L. B., 1996: Insectivorans, rodents, and carnivores of the Toledo Bend Local Fauna: An Arikareean (Earlies Miocene) assemblage from the Texas Coastal Plain.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 16, #3, pp. 458-473 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Ginsburg, L., 2001: Les faunes de mammifères terrestres du Miocène moyen des Faluns du bassin de Savigné-sur-lathan (France).
[The Middle Miocene land mammals fauna of the Savigné-sur-Lathan basin (France)].
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 23, #3, pp. 381-394 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Peigné, S., Salesa, M. J., Antón, M. & Morales, J., 2008: A new amphicyonine (Carnivora: Amphicyonidae) from the upper Miocene of Batallones-1, Madrid, Spain.
–Palaeontology: Vol. 51, #4, pp. 943 [doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00788.x] - Viranta, S., 1996: European Miocene Amphicyonidae – Taxonomy, systematics and ecology.
–Acta Zoologica Fennica: Vol. 204, pp. 1-61 - Viranta, S. & Fortelius, M., 2000: Personal correspondence.
- Wang, X.-M., Qiu, Z.-X. & Wang, B.-Y., 2005: Hyaenodonts and carnivorans from the Early Oligocene to Early Miocene of Xianshuihe Formation, Lanzhou Basin, Gansu Province, China.
†Palaeontologia Electronica: Vol. 8, #1, 6A: pp. 1-14
[http://palaeo-electronica.org/paleo/2005_1/wang6/issue1_05.htm] - Zhai, R., Ciochon, R. L., Tong, Y., Savage, D. E., Morlo, M., Holroyd, P. A. & Gunnell, G. F., 2003: An aberrant amphicyonid mammals from the latest Eocene of the Bose Basin, Guangxi, China.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 48, #2, pp. 293-300