After Koepfli et al., 2008, Sato et al., 2009; Yu et al, 2011, Sato et al., 2012, & Li et al., 2014, with recent species from Nowak, 1991 and fossil genera from Carroll, 1988, and McKenna & Bell, 1997
<==o Mustelidae Swainson, 1835 (näätäeläimet) |?- †“Martes” nambianus Cope, 1874 [Martinogale nambianus (Cope) Hall, 1930] |?- †Luogale Schmidt-Kittler, 1987 |?- †Bathygale |?- †Plesiogale postfelina Pomel, 1947 |?-o †Stromeriella Dehm, 1950 [a procyonid?] | |-- †S. franconica Dehm, 1950 | `-- †S. depressa Morlo 1996 |?- †Franconictis Wolsan, 1993 |?- †Paragale Petter, 1967 |?- †Rhodanictis depereti |?- †Sivalictis Pilgrim, 1932 |?- †Ailurictis Trouessart, 1899 |?- †Laphyctis Viret, 1933 [Ischyrictis] |?- †Mellidelavus |?- †Presictis |?- †Protarctos? Kretzoi, 1945 |?- †Pyctis inamatus Babbitt, 1999 |?- †Ekorus ekakeran Werdelin, 2003 |?-o †Hoplictis Ginsburg, 1961 [Beckia Bryant 1968] | |-- †H. noveli | |-- †H. florancei | |-- †H. helbingi | `-- †H. grangerensis (Bryant, 1968) [Beckia grangerensis; Ischyrictis grangerensis] |?-o †Ischyrictis | |-- †I. bezianensis Ginsburg & Morales, 1992 | `-- †I. zibethoides (Blainville, 1841) Ginsburg & Morales, 1992 [Viverra zibethoides Blainville, 1841] |?- †Mioictis dubia |?- †Leptarctinae Gazin, 1936 sensu Qiu & Schmidt-Kittler, 1982 |?- Mephitinae Bonaparte, 1845 non Gill, 1872 (skunks; haisunäädät) [most recent phylogenetic analysis treat skunks as an independent family of basal musteloids] `--+-- Taxidiinae Pocock, 1920 [Taxidini Pocock, 1920 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997] (American badgers; amerikanmäyrä) `--+--+-- Mellivorinae Gill, 1872 (honey badgers; mesimäyrät) | `-- Melinae Burminster, 1850 (badgers; mäyrät) `--+-- Guloninae Miller, 1912 [Gulonini (Webb, 1969); Martinae sensu Yu et al., 2011] (wolverines; ahmat) `--+--o Helictidinae [Helictinae] | `--o Melogale I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831 (Ferret badgers; aurinkomäyrät) | |--+-- M. moschata (Gray, 1831) (Chinese Ferret-badger; kiinanaurinkomäyrä) | | `?- M. sorella [ssp.=>M. moschata?] | |--+-- M. personata I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831 (Burmese Ferret-badger; intianaurinkomäyrä) | | `?- M. orientalis Blanford, 1888 [M. personata orientalis Blanford, 1888] (Javan Ferret-badger; idänaurinkomäyrä) | `-- M. everetti (Thomas, 1895) (Bornean Ferret-badger; Everett's ferretbadger) `--+-- Mustelinae (weasels; kärpät) `--+-- Lutrinae (otters; saukot) `-- Ictonyctinae Pocock, 1921 sensu Sato et al., 2012
After Sato, Wolsan, Prevosti, D'Elía, Begg, Begg, Hosoda, Campbell & Suzuki, 2012<==o Musteloidea |-- Mephitidae `--+-- Ailuridae `--+-- Procyonidae `--o Mustelidae |--o Taxidiinae | `-- Taxidea `--+--+--o Mellivorinae | | `-- Mellivora | `--o Melinae | |-- Arctonyx | `-- Meles `--+--o Guloninae | |-- Martes (Pekania) pennanti | `--+--+-- Gulo gulo | | `-- Martes (Charronia) flavigula | `--+-- Martes (Mertes) foina | `--+-- Martes (Mertes) americana | `--+-- Martes (Mertes) melampus | `-- Martes (Mertes) zibellina `--+--o Helictidinae | `-- Melogale `--+--+--o Lutrinae | | |-- Lontra | | `--+-- Enhydra | | `-- Aonyx | `--o Ictonyctinae | |--o Lyncodontini | | |-- Lyncodon | | `-- Galictis | `--o Ictonychini | |-- Vormela | `--+-- Ictonyx libyca [Poecilictis] | `--+-- Poecilogale albinucha | `-- Ictonyx striatus `--o Mustelinae |-- Neovison vison `--o Mustela |--+-- M. nudipes | `-- M. strigidorsa `--+-- M. kathiah `--+-- M. erminea `--+--+-- M. nivalis | `-- M. altaica `--+-- M. itatsi `--+-- M. sibirica `--+-- M. lutreola `--+-- M. eversmanni |-- M. putorius `-- M. furo Reference(s):
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After Yu, Peng, Liu, Luan, Liang, Lee, H., Lee, M., Ryder & Zhang, 2011<==+-- Ailuridae |-- Mephitidae `--+-- Procyonidae `--o Mustelidae |--o Taxidiinae | `-- Taxidea `--+--o Melinae | |-- Arctonyx | `-- Meles `--+--o Martinae | |-- Martes (Pekania) pennanti | `--+-- Gulo gulo | `--+-- Martes (Charronia) flavigula | `--+-- Martes (Mertes) foina | `--+-- Martes (Mertes) americana | `--+-- Martes (Mertes) melampus | `-- Martes (Mertes) zibellina `--+--o Helictidinae | `-- Melogale `--+--o Lutrinae | |-- Enhydra | `-- Lutra `--o Mustelinae |--+-- Neovison vison | `-- Mustela (Mustela) frenata `--+-- M. (Mustela) kathiah `--+-- Mustela (Mustela) nivalis `--+-- Mustela (Lutreola) sibirica `-- Mustela (Putorius) putorius Reference(s):
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After Sato, Wolsan, Minami, Hosoda, Sinaga, Hiyama, Yamaguchi & Suzuki, 2009<==o Musteloidea |-- Mephitidae `--+-- Ailuridae `--+-- Procyonidae `--o Mustelidae |--o Taxidiinae | `-- Taxidea `--+--o Melinae | |-- Arctonyx | `-- Meles `--+--o Guloninae | |-- Gulo gulo | `--+-- Martes (Pekania) pennanti | `--+-- Martes (Charronia) flavigula | `--+-- Martes (Mertes) foina | `--+-- Martes (Mertes) americana | `--+-- Martes (Mertes) melampus | `-- Martes (Mertes) zibellina `--+--o Helictidinae | `-- Melogale `--+--o Lutrinae | |-- Lontra | `--+-- Enhydra | `-- Aonyx `--o Mustelinae |-- Neovison vison `--o Mustela |--+-- M. nudipes | `-- M. strigidorsa `--+-- M. kathiah `--+-- M. erminea `--+--+-- M. nivalis | `-- M. altaica `--+-- M. lutreola `--+-- M. itatsi `--+-- M. sibirica `--+-- M. eversmanni `--+-- M. putorius `-- M. furo Reference(s):
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After Koepfli, Deere, Slater, Begg, C., Begg, K., Grassman, Lucherini, Veron & Wayne, 2008<==o Mustelidae |--o Taxidiinae | `-- Taxidea `--+--o Mellivorinae | `-- Mellivora `--+--+--o Melinae | | |-- Arctonyx | | `-- Meles | `--o Martinae | |-- Eira | `--+-- Martes (Pekania) pennanti | `--+-- Gulo gulo | `--+-- Martes (Charronia) flavigula | `--+-- Martes (Mertes) foina | `--+-- Martes (Mertes) melampus | |-- Martes (Mertes) americana | `--+-- Martes (Mertes) zibellina | `-- Martes (Mertes) martes `--+--o Helictidinae | `-- Melogale `--+--o Galictinae | |-- Galictis | `--+-- Vormela | `--+-- Ictonyx libyca [Poecilictis] | `--+-- Poecilogale | `-- Ictonyx striatus `--+--o Lutrinae | |-- Pteronura | `--+--o Lontra | | |-- L. canadensis | | `--+-- L. felina | | `-- L. longicaudis | `--+-- Hydrictis | |-- Enhydra | `--+-- Lutra | `--+-- Aonyx capensis | `--+-- Lutrogale perspicillata | `-- Aonyx cinereus [Amblonyx] `--o Mustelinae |--+-- Neovison vison | `-- Mustela (Mustela) frenata `--+--+-- Mustela (Lutreola) strigidorsa | `-- Mustela (Lutreola) nudipes `--+-- Mustela (Mustela) erminea `--+--+-- Mustela (Mustela) altaica | `-- Mustela (Mustela) nivalis `--+-- Mustela (Lutreola) sibirica `--+-- Mustela (Lutreola) lutreola `--+-- Mustela (Putorius) nigripes `--+-- Mustela (Putorius) putorius `-- Mustela (Putorius) eversmanni Reference(s):
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After Marmi, López-Giráldez & Domingo-Roura, 2004<==+-- Ailuridae `--+-- Mephitidae `--+-- Procyonidae `--o Mustelidae |-- Meles `--+--o Martinae | |-- Martes (Mertes) foina | `--+-- Gulo gulo | `--+-- Martes (Mertes) melampus | `-- Martes (Mertes) martes `--+--+-- Enhydra | |-- Lontra canadensis | `--+--Amblonyx cinereus | `-- Lutra lutra `--+--+-- Mustela altaica | `--+-- Mustela erminea | `-- Mustela nivalis `--+-- Mustela nigripes `--+-- Mustela lutreola `-- Mustela putorius Reference(s):
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After Carroll, 1988, and McKenna & Bell, 1997, with recent species from Nowak, 1991<==o Mustelidae |?- †Luogale |?- †Bathygale |?- †Plesiogale |?- †Stromeriella |?- †Franconictis |?- †Paragale |?- †Aelurocyon |?- †Rhodanictis |?- †Sivalictis |?- †Ailurictis |?- †Brachypsaloides |?- †Laphyctis [Ischyrictis] |?- †Mellidelavus |?- †Mephititaxus |?- †Presictis |?- †Protarctos? |?- †Pyctis inamatus |?- †Ekorus |?- †Hoplictis |?- †Ischyrictis |?- †Mioictis `--+-- Lutrinae |-- Mephitinae |-- Mustelinae [incl. Taxidiinae] |-- †Leptarctinae |-- Mellivorinae |-- Melinae `--o Guloninae [Gulonini] |-- †Iberictis [Ischyrictis] `--+-- †Plesiogulo `-- Gulo gulo |
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Koepfli, K.-P., Deere, K., Slater, G., Begg, C., Begg, K., Grassman, L., Lucherini, M., Veron, G. & Wayne, R., 2008: Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation.
–BMC Biology: Vol. 6, #1, pp. 10 [doi: 10.1186/1741-7007-6-10] - Lim, J.-D., Martin, L. D. & Wilson, R. W., 2001: A new species of Leptarchus (Carnivora; Mustelidae) from the Late Miocene of Texas.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 75, #5, pp. 1043-1046 - Marmi, J., López-Giráldez, J. F. & Domingo-Roura, X., 2004: Phylogeny, evolutionary history and taxonomy of the Mustelidae based on sequences of the cytochrome b gene and a complex repetitive flanking region.
–Zoologica Scripta: Vol. 33, #6, pp. 481-499 [doi: 10.1111/j.0300-3256.2004.00165.x] - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Sato, J. J., Wolsan, M., Minami, S., Hosoda, T., Sinaga, M. H., Hiyama, K., Yamaguchi, Y. & Suzuki, H., 2009: Deciphering and dating the red panda's ancestry and early adaptive radiation of Musteloidea.
–Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: Vol. 53, #3, pp. 907-922 [doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.019] - Sato, J. J., Wolsan, M., Prevosti, F. J., D'Elía, G., Begg, C., Begg, K., Hosoda, T., Campbell, K. L. & Suzuki, H., 2012: Evolutionary and biogeographic history of weasel-like carnivorans (Musteloidea).
–Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: Vol. 63, #3, pp. 745-757 [doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.025] - Wang, X., Qiu, Z. & Wang, B., 2004: A new leptarctine (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the early Miocene of the northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for the phylogeny and zoogeography of basal mustelids.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 142, #3, Art.nr. pp. (405-421) [doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00135.x] - Werdelin, L., 2003: Mio-Pliocene Carnivora from Lothagam, Kenya. 261-328
in Leakey, M. G. & Harris, J. M., (eds.) 2003: Lothagam – The Dawn of Humanity in East Africa.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 2003, 1-678 - Yu, L., Peng, D., Liu, J., Luan, P., Liang, L., Lee, H., Lee, M., Ryder, O. & Zhang, Y., 2011: On the phylogeny of Mustelidae subfamilies: analysis of seventeen nuclear non-coding loci and mitochondrial complete genomes.
–BMC Evolutionary Biology: Vol. 11, #1, pp. 92 [doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-92]