After Berta, 1991, 1994 and Deméré & Berta, 2001
<==o Pinnipedimorpha Berta, 1991 [Pinnipedia sensu lato] |?- †Semantor macrurus Orlov, 1931; L.Mioc. CNAs. [Semantoridae Orlov, 1931] |?- †Necromites nestoris Bogachev, 1940 [Semantoridae Orlov, 1931] |-- †Puijila darwini Rybczynski, Dawson & Tedford, 2009; E.Mio. NNAm. `--+?-o †Enaliarctidae sensu stricto (Deméré & Berta, 2001) [treated as paraphyletic basal Otariids by Barnes, Ray & Koretsky, 2006] | |-- †Pacificotaria hadromma Barnes, 1992 | `--o †Enaliarctos Mitchell & Tedfordi, 1979 [chronologically extended linage of a single species??] | |-- †E. mealsi Mitchell & Tedfordi, 1979 | `--+-- †E. barnesi Berta, 1991 | `--+-- †E. tedfordi Berta, 1991 | `--+-- †E. mitchelli Barnes, 1979 | `-- †E. emlongi Berta, 1991 |--o †Pteronarctos Barnes, 1989 | |-- †P. goedertae Barnes, 1989 | `-- †P. piersoni Barnes, 1990 `--o Pinnipedia sensu stricto (eväjalkaiset petoeläimet) |--o Otarioidea (Gill, 1866) Lucas, 1899 [Otariidae Gill, 1866 sensu Barnes, Ray & Koretsky, 2006] | |?- †Enaliarctos Mitchell & Tedfordi, 1979 [paraphyletic Otariidae: Enaliarctinae sensu Barnes, Ray & Koretsky, 2006] | `--+?- †Pacificotaria hadromma Barnes, 1992 [paraphyletic Otariidae: Enaliarctinae sensu Barnes, Ray & Koretsky, 2006] | `-- Otariidae Gill, 1866 sensu stricto [monophyletic Otariidae: Otariinae sensu Barnes, Ray & Koretsky, 2006] (sealions; korvahylkeet) `--o Phocomorpha Berta, 1994 [Phocoidea sensu lato] (hylkeensukuiset petoeläimet) |-- Odobenidae sensu Deméré & Berta, 2001 [incl. Desmatophocidae] (walrusies; mursut) `--o Phocoidea Smirnov, 1908 sensu Berta, 1994 (hylkeensukuiset petoeläimet) |--o †Pinnarctidion Barnes, 1979 | |-- †P. rayi Berta, 1994 | `-- †P. bishopi Barnes, 1979 `--+?- †Desmatophocidae sensu Berta, 1994 [are primitive walrusies after Deméré & Berta, 2001?] `-- Phocidae (true seals; hylkeet)
Reference(s):
- Barnes, L. G., Ray, C. E. & Koretsky, I. A., 2006: A Pliocene sea lion, Proterozetes ulysses (Mammalia: Otariidae) from Oregon, U.S.A. pp. 57-77
in Csiki, Z., (ed.) 2006: Mesozoic and Cenozoic vertebrates and paleoenviroments – Tributes to the career of Dan Grigorescu.
–Romanian Society of Paleontologists, Bucharest, 2006 - Berta, A., 1991: New Enaliarctos* (Pinnipedimorpha) from the Oligocene
and Miocene of Oregon and the role of "Enaliarctids" in pinniped phylogeny.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 69, pp. iv-33 - Berta, A., 1994: A new species of phocoid pinniped Pinnarctidion from the Early Miocene of Oregon.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 14, #3, pp. 405-413 - Berta, A. & Ray, C. E., 1990: Skeletal morphology and locomotor capabilities of the archaic pinniped Enaliarctos mealsi.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 10, #2, pp. 141-157 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Deméré, T. A. & Berta, A., 2001: A reevaluation of Proneotherium repenningi from the Miocene Astoria Formation of Oregon and its position as a basal odobenid (Pinnipedia: Mammalia).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #2, pp. 279-310 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Rybczynski, N., Dawson, M. R. & Tedford, R. H., 2009: A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin of Pinnipedia.
–Nature: Vol. 458, pp. 1021-1024