Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Chordate Groups   Terrestrial Vertebrate Groups

    Tetrapoda (four-legged vertebrates, maaselkärankaiset)

        †"Ichthyostegalia" [paraphyletic order of basal tetrapods]
        †Baphetoidea
        †TEMNOSPONDYLI (temnospondyls; panssarisammakot)
            †Colosteoidea
            †Edopoidea
            †Euskelia
            †Limnarchia
                †Dvinosauria Yates & Warren, 2000
                †Archegosauroidea (Meyer, 1857) Lydekker, 1885
                †Stereospondyli Fraas, 1889 sensu Yates & Warren, 2000
                    †Mastodonsauroidea Lydekker, 1885b sensu Damiani, 2001 [Capitosauria Yates & Warren, 2000]
                    †Trematosauria Yates & Warren, 2000 [Trematosauroidea (Watson, 1919) sensu Damiani, 2001]
        †Lepospondyli
            †Aïstopoda
            †Nectridea
            †Microsauria [polyphyletic]
            †Lysorophia
        Lissamphibia (modern amphibians; nykysammakkoeläimet)
            Gymnophiona [Apoda] (apodas; matosammakot)
            Urodela [Caudata] (salamanders & newts; pyrstösammakot)
            †Allocaudata
            Salientia [Anura] (frogs; sammakot)
        †REPTILIOMORPHA (matelijasammakot)
            †Chroniosuchia Tatarinov, 1972
            †Emblomeri
            †Gephyrostegida
            †Seymouriamorpha Watson, 1917
            †Diadectomorpha
        AMNIOTA (vesikalvolliset; amniotes)
            SYNAPSIDA [Theropsida] (synapsidit eli nisäkäsmäiset matelijat; synapsids i.e. mammal-like amniotes)
                THERAPSIDA (therapsids; terapsidit)
                    MAMMALIA (mammals, nisäkkäät)
            REPTILIA (matelijat; reptiles)
                Archosauria (arkosaurit; non-avian archosaurs)
                    Aves (linnut; birds)
                        Neornithes (nykylinnut; modern birds)

Reference(s):

Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698

Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698

Conway Morris, S., 1993: The fossil record and early evolution of the Metazoa.
–Nature, vol. 361, 21 January, pp. 219-225

Janvier , P., 1997: Vertebrata: Animals with backbones.
--iNet : Tree of Life; http://tolweb.org/tree/

Lundberg, J. G., 1995, 1997: Chordata
--iNet : Tree of Life; http://tolweb.org/tree/

Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223

Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600