After Laurin & Reisz, 1997
Alternative phylogeny after Paton, Smithson, & Clack, 1999
Family-tree
<==o Reptiliomorpha sensu Laurin & Reisz, 1997 |?- †Caerorhachis bairdi Holmes & Carroll, 1977 [Caerorhachidae Holmes & Carroll, 1977] |?- †Tokosaurus perforatus Tverdochlebova & Ivachnenko, 1984 [Tokosauridae Tverdochlebova & Ivachnenko, 1984] |?-o †Chroniosuchia Kuhn, 1972 [Chroniosuchida Tatarinov, 1972] | |?- †Bystrowianidae Vjuschkov, 1957 | `-- †Chroniosuchidae Vjuschkov, 1957 `--+--o †Emblomeri Cope, 1884 [Anthracosauroideae Watson, 1929] | |-- †Eoherpeton watsoni Panchen, 1975 [Eoherpetontidae Panchen, 1975] | `--+-- †Anthracosaurus Huxley, 1863 [Anthracosauridae Cope, 1875] | `--+-- †Proterogyrinidae Romer 1970 | `--+?- †Silvanerpeton miripedes Clack, 1994 | |-- †Eogyrinidae Watson, 1929 | `-- †Archeriidae Kuhn, 1965 `--o Batrachomorpha sensu Laurin & Reisz, 1997 [Batrachosauria Gauthier et al., 1988] |--o †Gephyrostegida Jaekel, 1911 sensu Carroll et al., 1972 | `-- †Gephyrostegidae Jaekel, 1909 `--+--o †Seymouriamorpha Watson, 1917 | |?- †Waggoneria knoxensis Olson, 1951 [Waggoneriidae Olson, 1951] | |-- †Kotlassiidae Romer, 1933 [incl.? Bystrowianidae Vjuschkov, 1957; Karpinskiosauridae Sushkin, 1925] | `--+-- †Discosauriscidae Romer, 1947 sensu stricto | `--+-- †Ariekanerpeton sigalovi Ivakhnenko, 1981 | `-- †Seymouriidae Williston, 1911 `--+-- †Solenodonsaurus janenschi Broili, 1924 [Solenodonsauridae] `--o Tetrapoda Haworth, 1825 sensu stricto [the last common ancestor of modern amphibians and amniotes] |-- Amphibia Gray, 1825 sensu Laurin, 1998a [Lepospondyli Zittel, 1888 sensu Laurin & Reisz, 1997] `--+-- †Westlothiana lizziae Smithson & Rolfe, 1990 `--o Cotylosauria [Amniota sensu Lee & Spencer, 1997] |-- Amniota Haeckel, 1866 (amniotes; vesikalvolliset selkärankaiset) `--o †Diadectomorpha Watson, 1917 (Diadectes and relatives) |-- †Limnoscelidae Williston, 1911 `--+?- †Tseajaia campi Vaughn, 1964 [Tseajaiidae] `-- †Diadectidae Cope, 1880
with genera et species
<==o Reptiliomorpha sensu Laurin & Reisz, 1997 |-- †Tulerpeton curtum Lebedev, 1984 |?- †Eldeceeon rolfei Smithson, 1994 |?- †Caerorhachis bairdi Holmes & Carroll, 1977 [Caerorhachidae Holmes & Carroll, 1977] |?- †Tokosaurus perforatus Tverdochlebova & Ivachnenko, 1984 [Tokosauridae Tverdochlebova & Ivachnenko, 1984] |?-o †Chroniosuchia Kuhn, 1972 [Chroniosuchida Tatarinov, 1972] | |?-o †Bystrowianidae Vjuschkov, 1957 [has been treated as Kotlassiid seymouriamorphs] | | |--o †Axitectum Shishkin & Novikov, 1992 | | | |-- †A. vjushkovi Shishkin & Novikov, 1992 | | | `-- †A. georgi Shishkin & Novikov, 1992 | | |-- †Bystrowiana permira Vjuschkov, 1957 | | |-- †Bystrowiella schumanni Witzmann, Schoch & Maisch, 2008 | | |-- †Dromotectum spinosum Novikov & Shishkin, 1996 | | `-- †Synesuchus muravjevi Novikov & Shishkin, 2000 | `--o †Chroniosuchidae Vjuschkov, 1957 | |--o †Chroniosuchus Vjuschkov, 1957 [incl. Buzulukia Vjuschkov, 1957?] | | |-- †C. paradoxus Vjuschkov, 1957 | | `-- †C. licharevi (Ryabinin, 1962) | |--o †Chroniosaurus Tverdokhlebova, 1972 | | |-- †C. dongusensis (Tverdokhlebova, 1972) | | `-- †C. levis Golubev, 1998 | |-- †Jarilinus mirabilis (Vjuschkov, 1957) | |-- †Uralerpeton tverdokhlebovae Golubev, 1998 | `-- †Suchonica vladimiri Golubev, 1998 `--+--o †Emblomeri Cope, 1884 [Anthracosauroideae Watson, 1929] | |-- †Eoherpeton watsoni Panchen, 1975 [Eoherpetontidae Panchen, 1975] | `--+--o †Anthracosaurus Huxley, 1863 [Anthracosauridae Cope, 1875] | | |-- †A. lancifer (Newberry, 1873) [Rhizodus lancifer Newberry, 1873] | | `-- †A. russelli Huxley, 1863 | `--+--o †Proterogyrinidae Romer, 1970 | | |?- †Papposaurus traquairi Watson, 1914 | | `--o †Proterogyrinus Romer, 1970 [Mauchchunkia Hotton III, 1970] | | |-- †P. scheelei Romer, 1970 [Mauchchunkia bassa Hotton III, 1970] | | `-- †P. pancheni Smithson, 1986 | `--+?- †Silvanerpeton miripedes Clack, 1994 | |--o †Eogyrinidae Watson, 1929 | | |?- †Aversor dmitrievi Gubin, 1985 | | |-- †Calligenethlon watsoni Steen, 1934 | | |-- †Carbonerpeton Klembara, 1985 | | |-- †Diplovertebron punctatum Fritsch, 1879 | | |-- †Eogyrinus attheyi Watson, 1926 | | |-- †Leptophractus obsoletus Cope, 1873a | | |--o †Neopteroplax Romer, 1963 | | | |-- †N. conemaughensis Romer, 1963 | | | `-- †N. relictus Romer, 1963 | | |-- †Palaeoherpeton decorum (Watson, 1926) Panchen, 1970 [Palaeogyrinus decorus Watson, 1926] | | |-- †Pholiderpeton scutigerum Huxley, 1896 | | `-- †Pteroplax cornutus Hancock & Atthby, 1868 | `--o †Archeriidae Kuhn, 1965 | |--o †Archeria Case, 1918 | | |-- †A. crassidisca (Cope, 1884) [Cricotus crassidiscus Cope, 1884; Archeria crassidisca (Cope, 1884); Cricotus hypantricus Cope, 1886; Archeria robinsoni Case, 1915; Archeria victori Stovall, 1948] | | |?- †A. victori Stovall, 1948 | | `?- †A. robinsoni Case, 1915 | |--o †Cricotus Cope, 1875 | | |-- †C. heleroclitus Cope, 1875 | | |-- †C. discophorus Cope 1877 | | `-- †C. gibsonii Cope, 1877 | `-- †Spondylerpeton spinatum Moodie, 1912 [Spondylerpeton mazonensis (nomen nudum?)] `--o Batrachomorpha sensu Laurin & Reisz, 1997 [Batrachosauria Gauthier et al., 1988] |--o †Gephyrostegida Jaekel, 1911 sensu Carroll et al., 1972 | `--o †Gephyrostegidae Jaekel, 1909 | |-- †Gephyrostegus bohemicus Jaeckel, 1902 [Gephyrostega (lapsus calami)] | |-- †Bruktererpeton fiebigi Boy & Bandel, 1973 | `-- †Eusauropleura digitata (Cope, 1868) [Sauropleura digitata Cope, 1868] `--+--o †Seymouriamorpha Watson, 1917 | |?- †“Rhipaeosaurus” talonophorus [Leptoropha novojilovi] | |?- †Microphon exiguus Ivakhnenko, 1983 [Raphaniscus tverdochlebovae] [has long been treated as a procolophonid reptile (Säilä, 2009)] | |-- †Urumqia liudaowanensis Zhang, Li & Wang, 1984 | |-- †Utegenia shpinari Kuznetsov & Ivakhnenko, 1981 | |?- †Waggoneria knoxensis Olson, 1951 [Waggoneriidae Olson, 1951] | |--o †Kotlassiidae Romer, 1933 [incl.? Bystrowianidae Vjuschkov, 1957; Karpinskiosauridae Sushkin, 1925] | | |?-o †Axitectum Shishkin & Novikov, 1992 [Bystrowianidae] | | | |-- †A. vjushkovi Shishkin & Novikov, 1992 | | | `-- †A. georgi Shishkin & Novikov, 1992 | | |?- †Buzulukia Vjuschkov, 1957 | | |-- †Bystrowiana permira Vjuschkov, 1957 [Bystrowianidae] | | |?- †Dromotectum spinosum Novikov & Shishkin, 1996 [Bystrowianidae] | | |?- †Enosuchus breviceps Konzhukova, 1955 | | |--o †Karpinskiosaurus Sushkin, 1925 [Karpinskiosauridae Sushkin, 1925] | | | |-- †K. secundus (Amalitzky, 1921) [Kotlassia secunda Amalitzky, 1921] | | | `-- †K. ultimus (Tchudinov and V'yushkov, 1956) [Nycteroleter ultimus Tchudinov & V'yushkov, 1956) | | |-- †Kotlassia prima Amalitzky, 1898 | | `?- †Synesuchus muravjevi Novikov & Shishkin, 2000 [Bystrowianidae] | `--+--o †Discosauriscidae Romer, 1947 sensu stricto | | |-- †Makowskia laticephala Klembara, 2005 | | `--o †Discosauriscus Kuhn, 1933 [taxonomic history] | | |-- †D. austriacus (Makowsky, 1876) [taxonomic history] | | `-- †D. pulcherrimus (Fritsch, 1879) [taxonomic history] | `--+-- †Ariekanerpeton sigalovi Ivakhnenko, 1981 | `--o †Seymouriidae Williston, 1911 | |-- †Gnorhimosuchus satpaevi Efremov, 1951 | |?- †Nyctiboetus liteus Chudinov, 1955 [a nyctiphruretid according to Paleobiology Database] | |-- †Rhinosauriscus jasikovi (Fischer von Waldheim, 1847) Kuhn, 1963 [Rhinosaurus jasikovi Fischer von Waldheim, 1847] | `==o †Seymouria Broili, 1904 [Conodectes Cope, 1896] L.Perm. NAm. Eu. | |?- †Desmospondylus anomalus Williston, 1910; L.Perm. NAm. Eu. | |?- †S. agilis | |?- †S. grandis Olson, 1979 | `--+-- †S. sanjuanensis Vaughn, 1966 | `-- †S. baylorensis Broili, 1904 [Conodectes favosus Cope, 1896; Seymouria baylorensis Broili, 1904; Conodectes favosus Case, 1911; Seymouria baylorensis Laurin, 1996] `--+-- †Solenodonsaurus janenschi Broili, 1924 [Solenodonsauridae] `--o Tetrapoda Haworth, 1825 sensu stricto [the last common ancestor of modern amphibians and amniotes] |-- Amphibia Gray, 1825 sensu Laurin, 1998a [Lepospondyli Zittel, 1888 sensu Laurin & Reisz, 1997] `--+-- †Westlothiana lizziae Smithson & Rolfe, 1990 `--o Cotylosauria [Amniota sensu Lee & Spencer, 1997] |-- Amniota Haeckel, 1866 (amniotes; vesikalvolliset selkärankaiset) `--o †Diadectomorpha Watson, 1917 (Diadectes and relatives) |--o †Limnoscelidae Williston, 1911 | |--o †Limnoscelis Williston, 1911; L.Perm. SWNAm. | | |-- †L. paludis Williston, 1911 | | `-- †L. dynatis Berman & Sumida, 1990 | |--o †Limnosceloides Romer, 1952; L.Perm. SWNAm. | | |-- L. dunkardensis Romer, 1952 | | `-- L. brachycoles Langston, 1966 | |-- †Limnoscelops longifemur Levis & Vaughn, 1965; L.Perm. SWNAm. | |-- †Limnostygis relictus Carroll, 1967, L.Carb. NENAm. | `?- †Romeriscus periallus Baird & Carroll, 1967 [nomen dubium sensu Laurin & Reisz, 1992] `--+?- †Tseajaia campi Vaughn, 1964 [Tseajaiidae] `--o †Diadectidae Cope, 1880 |?- †Phanerosaurus naumanni Meyer 1860 |?- †Stephanospondylus pugnax (Geinitz & Deichmueller, 1882) Stappenbeck, 1905 [Phanerosaurus pugnax Geinitz & Deichmueller, 1882] |-- †Ambedus pusillus Kissel & Reisz, 2004 `--+-- †Oradectes sanmiguelensis (Lewis & Vaughn, 1965) Kissel, 2010 [Diadectes sanmiguelensis Lewis & Vaughn, 1965] [Validity of Oradectes qustionable due publication in Thesis] `--+-- †Orobates pabsti Berman, Henrici, Kissel, Sumida, & Martens, 2004 [Diadectidae genera et species indet. (Berman & Henrici, 2003)] L.Perm. CEu. `--+?- †Alveusdectes fenestratus Liu & Bever, 2015 |--o †Desmatodon Case, 1908 | |-- †D. hollandi Case, 1908 | `-- †D. hesperis Vaughn, 1969 [Sepeliodon hesperis (Vaughn, 1969)] `--+-- †Silvadectes absitus (Berman et al., 1998) Kissel, 2010 [Diadectes absitus Berman et al., 1998] [Validity of Silvadectes qustionable due publication in Thesis (Kissel, 2010)] `==o †Diadectes Cope, 1878 [Nothodon Marsh, 1878; Empedocles Cope, 1878; Helodectes Cope, 1880; Empedias Cope, 1883; Chilonyx Cope, 1883; Bolbodon Cope, 1896; Diadectoides Case, 1911; Animasaurus Case & Williston, 1912] |?- †Diadectes carinatus (Case & Williston, 1912) [Animasaurus carinatus Case & Williston, 1912] |?- †Diadectes lentus (Marsh, 1878) [Nothodon lentus Marsh, 1878] |-- †Diadectes tenuitectus (Cope, 1896) [Bolbodon tenuitectes Cope 1896; Diadectes maximus Case 1910; Diadectoides cretin Case 1911; Diadectes huenei Broom 1914] `--+-- †Diadectes sideropelicus Cope, 1878 [type] [Diadectes latibuccatus Cope 1878a; Empecocles latibuccatus (Cope 1878a); Empedias latibuccatus (Cope 1878a); Bolosaurus rapidens Cope 1878a; Chilonyx rapidens (Cope 1878a); Empedocles alatus Cope 1878a; Empedias alatus (Cope 1878a); Diadectes molaris Cope 1878b; Empedocles molaris (Cope 1878b); Empedias molaris (Cope 1878b); Diadectes phaseolinus Cope 1880b; Empedias phaseolinus (Cope 1880b); Helodectes paridens Cope 1880b; Helodectes isaaci Cope 1880b; Empedias fissus Cope 1883; Diadectes biculminatus Cope 1896.] `-- †Diasparactus zenos Case, 1910 [Diadectes zenos (Case, 1910) Kissel, 2010]
After Danto, Witzmann & Müller, 2012<==o Reptiliomorpha |--o †Emblomeri | |-- †Eoherpeton | `--+-- †Proterogyrinus | `--+-- †Pholiderpeton | |-- †Archeria | `--+-- †Eogyrinus | `-- †Anthracosaurus `==o †Gephyrostegida |-- †Gephyrostegus `--+-- †Bruktererpeton `==o †Seymouriamorpha |-- †Discosauriscus `--+-- †Seymouria `--+-- †Kotlassia `--+--+-- †Westlothiana | `--+-- †Solenodonsaurus | `-- †Lepospondyli `--o Cotylosauria |-- †Diadectomorpha `-- Amniota Reference(s):
|
After Paton, Smithson, & Clack, 1999<==o Reptiliomorpha |-- †Tulerpeton |?- †Eldeceeon |?- †Caerorhachis [Caerorhachidae] `--+-- †Anthracosauria `--+?- †Solenodonsaurus [Solenodonsauridae] |?- †Tokosaurus [Tokosauridae] |?-o †Chroniosuchidae | |-- †Chroniosaurus | `-- †Chroniosuchus |-- †Seymouriamorpha `--o Amniotamorpha |?- Microsauria |?- †Lysorophia `--o “Amniotaformes” |?- †Diadectomorpha `-- Amniota Reference(s):
|
Alternative phyogenies of Diadectomorpha
After Liu & Bever, 2015
<==o †Diadectomorpha
|-- †Limnoscelis
`--+-- †Tseajaia
`--+-- †Ambedus
`--+-- †Oradectes
`--+-- †Alveusdectes
|-- †Desmatodon
`--+-- †Diadectes
`-- †Diasparactus
Reference(s):
|
After Kissel, 2010<==o †Diadectomorpha |-- †Limnoscelis `--+-- †Tseajaia `--o †Diadectidae |-- †Ambedus `--+-- †Oradectes `--+-- †Desmatodon [Sepeliodon] `--+-- †Diadectes tenuitectus `--+-- †Diadectes sideropelicus `-- †Diasparactus Reference(s):
|
Reference(s):
- Berman, D. S. & Henrici, A. C., 2003: Homology of the Astragalus and structure and function of the tarsus of Diadectidae.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 77, #1, pp. 172-188 - Berman, D. S., Henrici, A. C., Sumida, S. S. & Martens, T., 2000: Redescription of Seymouria sanjuanensis (Seymouriamorpha) from the Lower Permian of Germany based on complete, mature specimens with a discussion of paleoecology of the Bromacker locality assemblage.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #2, pp. 253-268 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Clack, J. A., 1998: A new Early Carboniferous tetrapod with a mélange of crown-group characters.
–Nature: vol. 394, 2 July, pp. 66-69 - Carroll, R. L., 1967: A Limnoscelid Reptile from the Middle Pennsylvanian.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 41, #5, pp. 1256-1261 - Kissel, R. A., 2010: Morphology, phylogeny, and evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha). –PhD dissertation, University of Toronto, Canada.
- Klembara, J., 2005: A new discosauriscid seymouriamorph tetrapod from the Lower Permian of Moravia, Czech Republic.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 50, #1, pp. 25-48 - Laurin, M., 1996a: A reappraisal of Utegenia, a Permo-Carboniferous seymouriamorph (Tetrapoda: Batrachosauria) from Kazakhstan.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 16, #3, pp. 374-383 - Laurin, M., 1996b: A reevaluation of Ariekanerpeton, a Lower Permian seymouriamorph (Vertebrata: Seymouriamorpha) from Tadzhikistan.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 16, #4, pp. 653-665 - Laurin, M., 2001: Solenodonsaurus
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/chordata/solenodonsaurus/solenodonsaurus.html - Laurin, M., 2001: Terrestrial vertebrates: Stegocephalians: Tetrapods and other digit-bearing vertebrates.
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/chordata/terrestrial_vertebrates.html - Laurin, M. & Reisz, R. R., 1992: A reassessment of the Pennsylvanian tetrapod Romeriscus.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 12, #4, pp. 524-527 - Laurin, M. & Reisz, R. R., 1997: A new perspective on tetrapod phylogeny. 9-59
in Sumida, S. S. & Martin, K. L. M., 1997: Amniote origins: Completing the trasition to Land.
–Academic Press, San Diego, 1997, pp. x-510 - Lebedev, O. A. & Coates, M. I., 1995: The postcranial skeleton of the Devonian tetrapod Tulerpeton curtum Lebedev.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 114, #3, pp. 307-348 [doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00119.x] - Lee, M. Y. S. & Spencer, P. S., 1997: Crown-clades, key characters and taxonomic stability: When is an amniote not an amniote? 61-84
in Sumida, S. S. & Martin, K. L. M., 1997: Amniote origins: Completing the trasition to Land.
–Academic Press, San Diego, 1997, pp. x-510 - Liu, J. & Bever, G. S., 2015: The last diadectomorph sheds light on Late Palaeozoic tetrapod biogeography.
–Biology Letters: Vol. 11, #5, in press [doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0100] - Novikov, I. V., Shishkin, M. A., & Golubev, V. K., 2000: Permian and Triassic anthracosaurs from Eastern Europe. pp. 60-70
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unwin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK ; New York, 2000, xxxix-696 - Paton, R. L., Smithson, T. R., & Clack, J. A., 1999: An amniote-like skeleton from the Early Carboniferous of Scotland.
–Nature: Vol. 398, 8 April, pp. 508-513 - Ruta, M. & Milner A. R. & Coates, M. I., 2000: The Scottish Carboniferous tetrapod Caerorhachis bairdi
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #3, suppl. to #3 - Säilä, L. K., 2009: Alpha taxonomy of the Russian Permian procolophonoid reptiles.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 54, #4, pp. 599-608 [doi: 10.4202/app.2009.0017]