After Frost et al, 2006, with species from Frost, 2000-2002 [“AMNH Amphibian species of the World”]
Alternative phylogeny after Cannatella, Ford & Bockstanz, 1995 ["The Tree of Life"]
Alternative phylogeny after Haas, 2003
Alternative phylogeny after Biju & Bossuyt, 2003
<==o Neobatrachia Reig, 1958 (“higher” frogs; uussammakot) |?- †Baurubatrachus pricei Báez & Perí, 1989 |--o Heleophrynidae Noble, 1931 [taxonomic history] | `--o Heleophryne Sclater, 1898 | |-- H. hewitti | |-- H. natalensis | |-- H. purcelli | |-- H. regis | `-- H. rosei `--o Phthanobatrachia Frost et al., 2006 |-- Hyloides Forst, et al., 2006 (Hyla -like frogs) `-- Ranoides Frost et al., 2006 (Rana -like frogs)
Reference(s):
- Blob, R. W., Carrano, M. T., Rogers, R. R., Forster, C. A. & Espinosa, N. R., 2001: A new fossil frog from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #1, pp. 190-194 - Borsuk-Bialynicka, M. & Evans, S. E., 2002:
The scapulocoracoid of an Early Triassic stem-frog from Poland.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 47, #1, pp. 79-96 - Cannatella, D., Ford, L. & Bockstanz, L., 1995-2003: Salientia – Frogs and toads.
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Salientia&contgroup=Living_amphibians - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Estes, R. & Sanch´cz, B., 1982: New discoglossid and palaeobatracid frogs from the Late Cretaceous of Wyoming and Montana, and a review of other frogs from the Lance and Hell Creek Formations.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 2, #1,, pp. 9-20 - Frost, D. R., 2000: Amphibian species of the World: An Online Reference.
–iNet: American Museum of Natural History, Department of Herpetology: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html - Frost, D. R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., de Sá, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S. C., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C., 2006: The amphibian tree of life.
–Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: #297, pp. 1-370 - Gao, K.-Q. & Chen, S., 2004: A new frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China.
–Cretaceous Research: Vol. 25, pp. 761-769 - Gao, K.-Q. & Wang, Y., 2001: Mesozoic anurans from Liaoning Province, China, and phylogenetic relationships of archaeobatrachian anuran clades.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, pp. 460-476 - Haas, A., 2003: Phylogeny of frogs as inferred from primary larval characters (Amphibia: Anura).
–Cladistics: Vol. 19, #1, pp. 23-89 - Jenkins, F. A. Jr. & Shubin, N. H., 1998: Prosalirus bitis and the anuran caudopelvic mechanism.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 18, #3, pp. 495-510 - Shishkin, M. A., 2000: Mezosoic amphibians from Mongolia and the Central Asiatic republics. 297-308
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696 - Shubin, N. H. & Jenkins, F. A. Jr., 1995: An Early Jurassic jumping frog.
–Nature: Vol. 377, 7 September, pp. 49-52
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/