After Davidson, Peterson & Cameron, 1995
<==o Bilateralia (kaksikylkis-symmetriset eläimet) |-- Nematomorpha (jouhimadot) |-- Platyhelmithes (laakamadot) `--o Coelomata (ruumiinontelolliset) |-- Nemertea |--+-- Mollusca (nilviäiset) | `-- Sipuncula [Sipunculoidea] (ruiskumadot) |-- Echiura [Echiuroidea] (tähtimadot) |--+-- Annelida [Clitellata] (nivelmadot) | `-- Arthropoda (niveljalkaiset) [polyphyletic??] `--o ?Deuterostoma (jälkisuiset) |-- Phoronida (tupsumadot) `--+-- Brachiopoda (lonkerojalkaiset) `--o Deuterostoma sensu traditionalis |-- Echinodermata (piikkinahkaiset) `--+-- Graptolithina [Hemichordata:] (siipikiduksiset) `--+-- Enteropneusta [Hemichordata:] (terhomadot) `-- Chordata (selkäjänteiset)
Reference(s):
- Conway Morris, S., 1993: The fossil record and early evolution of the Metazoa.
–Nature, vol. 361, 21 January, pp. 219-225 - Davidson, E. H., Peterson,K. J. & Cameron, R. A., 1995: Origin of bilaterian body plans: Evolution of developmental regulatory mechanisms.
–Science: Vol. 270, 24 November, pp. 1319-1325 - Hou, X. & Bergström, J., 1997: Arthropods of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, southwest China.
–Fossils & Strata, Number 45, 22nd December 1997, pp. 1-116 - –iNet: The Tree of Life
- Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
–McGrew-Hill Book Company