<==o PLACENTARIA [Eutheria] (istukkanisäkkäät)
|--o ATLANTOGENATA (gondwananistukkanisäkkäät)
| |-- XENARTHRA
| `--+?- †MERIDIUNGULATA
| `--o AFROTHERIA
| |--+-- TUBULIDENTATA (aardwarks)
| | `--+-- AFROSORICIDA (golden mole, tenrecs)
| | `--+-- †Microhyus
| | `-- MACROSCELIDEA
| `--o PAENUNGULATA
| |-- HYRACOIDEA (hyraxies)
| `--o TETHYTHERIA
| |-- SIRENIA (sirenians, manatee)
| `--o BEHEMOTA
| |?- †DESMOSTYLIA (desmosylians)
| `-- PROBOSCIDEA (elephants)
`--+--+-- SCANDENTIA (tree shrews)
| `--+-- DERMOPTERA
| `--+-- PRIMATES
| `--o GLIRES [Anagalida]
| |-- LAGOMORPHA
| `-- RODENTIA
`--o LAURASIATHERIA [lauraasianistukkanisäkkäät]
|?- EULIPOTYPHLA
`--+--o FERAE
| |-- PHOLIDOTA
| `-- CARNIVORA
`--+-- CHIROPTERA
`--+-- PERISSODACTYLA
`-- ARTIODACTYLA [Cetartiodactyla = incl. Cetacea]
Madsen, O., Scally, M., Douady, C. J., Kao, D. J., DeBry, R. W., Adkins, R.,
Amrine, H. M., Stanhope, M. J., de Jong, W. W. & Springer, M. S., 2001:
Parallel adaptive radiations in two major clades of placental mammals.
–Nature: Vol. 409, 1 February, pp. 610-614
Mouchaty, S. K., Gullberg, A., Janke, A. & Arnason, U., 2000:
Phylogenetic position of the tanrecs (Mammalia: Tanrecidae)
of Madagaskar based on analysis of the complete mitochondrial
genome sequence of Echinops telfairi.
--Zoologica Scripta: Vol. 29, #4, pp. 307-317
Murphy, W. J., Elzirik, E., Johnson, W. E., Zhang, Y. P., Ryder, O. A. &
O'Brien, S. J., 2001:
Molecular phylogenetics and the origin of placental mammals.
–Nature: Vol. 409, 1 February, pp. 614-618
Waddell, P. J., Okada, N., & Hasegawa, M., 1999:
Towards resolving the interordinal relationships of placental mammals.
--Systematic Biology: Vol. 48, #1, pp. 1-5
Tabuce, R., Coiffait, B., Coiffait, P.-E., Mahboubi, M. & Jaeger, J.-J., 2001:
A new genus of Macroscelidea (Mammalia) from the Eocene of Algeria:
A possible origin for elephant-shrews.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, pp. 535-546
© Mikko Haaramo, / Last updated 2002-11-29 / http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/mhaaramo