After McKenna & Bell, 1997, with species from Alroy, 2002
<==o Pholidota Weber, 1904 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 [taxonomic history] (pangolins; muurahaiskävyt) |?- †Auroratherium Tong & Wamg, 1997; L.Eoc. EAs. |?- †Melaniella timosa Fox, 1984; U.Paleoc. NA. |?- †Molaetherium Heissig, 1982?; L.Olig. Eu. |?-o †Tubulodon Jepsen, 1932; L.Eoc. NA. | |-- †T. atopum (Rose et al., 1977) [†Alocodon atopum Rose et al., 1977; †Alocodontulum atopum Rose et al., 1978; †Tubulodon atopum Rose et al., 1991, and Rose & Lucas, 2000] | |-- †T. pearcei (Gazin, 1952) [Pentapassaus pearcei Gazin, 1952; †Tubulodon pearcei Rose et al., 1991, and Rose & Lucas, 2000] | |-- †T. taylori Jepsen, 1932 | `-- †T. woodi (Guthrie, 1967) [†Palaeanodon woodi Guthrie, 1967; †Pentapassalus woodi Rose, 1978; †Tubulodon woodi Rose et al., 1991, and Rose & Lucas, 2000] |-- †Escavadodon zygus Rose & Lucas, 2000 [Escavadodontidae Rose & Lucas, 2000] `--+--o †Epoicotheriidae Simpson, 1927 | |-- †Amelotabes simpsoni Rose, 1978; U.Paleoc. NA. | |?- †Alocodontulum atopum (Rose, Bown & Simons, 1977) Rose, Bown & Simons, 1978 [†Alocodon atopum Rose, Bown & Simons, 1977 (non Alocodon kuehnei Thulborn, 1973; a dinosaur tooth (Ornithopoda)); †Tubulodon atopum Rose et al., 1991, and Rose & Lucas, 2000] L.Eoc. NA. | |?- †Pentapassalus Gazin, 1952 [†Palaeanodon woodi Guthrie, 1967; †Pentapassalus woodi Rose, 1978; †Tubulodon woodi Rose et al., 1991, and Rose & Lucas, 2000] L.Eoc. NA. | |?- †Dipassalus oryctes Rose, Krishtalka & Stucky, 1991; L.-M.Eoc. NA. | |--o †Tetrapassalus Simpson, 1959a; M.Eoc. NA. | | |-- †T. mckennai Simpson, 1959a | | `-- †T. proius West, 1973c | |--o †Epoicotherium Simpson, 1927 [†Xenotherium Douglass, 1906 (non †Xenotherium Ameghino, 1904, a notoungulate); †Pseudochrysochloris Turnbull & Reed, 1967] U.Eoc. NA. ?L.Olig. Eu. | | `-- †E. unicum (Douglass, 1904) [†Xenotherium unicum Douglass, 1905; Epoicotherium unicum Simpson, 1927, Scott, 1941, and Tabrum & Nichols, 2001; Pseudochrysochloris yoderensis Turnbull & Reed, 1967; = Epoicotherium unicum Kihm, 1987] | `-- †Xenocranium pileorivale Colbert, 1942; U.Eoc.-L.Olig. NA. `--+-- Manidae Gray, 1821 (true pangolins; aitomuurahaiskävyt) `--o †Metacheiromyidae Wortman, 1903 |-- †Propalaeanodon schaffi Rose, 1979; U.Paleoc. NA. |--o †Palaeanodon Matthew, 1918; U.Paleoc.-L.Eoc. NA. | |-- †P. sp. [Gheerbrant, Rose & Godinot, 2005] [L.Eoc. WEu.] | |-- †P. parvulus Matthew, 1918b | |-- †P. ignavus Matthew, 1918b | `-- †P. nievelti Gingerich, 1989 |-- †Brachianodon westorum Gunnell & Gingerich, 1993; M.Eoc. NA. `--o †Metacheiromys Wortman, 1903; M.Eoc. NA. |-- †M. marshi Wortman, 1903 |-- †M. tatusia Osborn, 1904 |-- †M. dasypus Osborn, 1904 `-- †M. osborni Simpson, 1931a
Reference(s):
- Alroy, J., 2002: North American fossil mammal systematics database.
–iNet: North American fossil mammal systematics database: http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/nafmsd.html - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Gaudin, T. J. & Wible, J. R., 1999: The Entotympanic of Pangolins and the Phylogeny of the Pholidota (Mammalia).
–Journal of Mammalian Evolution: Vol. 6, #1, pp. 39-65 - Gazin, C. L., 1976: Mammalian faunal zones of the Bridger Middle Eocene.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 26, pp. iv-25 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629