After McKenna & Bell, 1997

Alternative phylogeny of selected early Primates after Gunnell, Ciochon, Gingerich & Holroyd, 2002 and Gunnell & Miller, 2001

<==o Primates Linnaeus, 1758 (primates; kädelliset)
   |-- Strepsirrhini É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812 [Prosimia]
   `--o Haplorrhini
      |?-o †Teilhardina Simpson, 1940 sensu Ni, Wang, Hu & Li, 2004 [see Note]
      |  |-- †T. belgica (Teilhard de Chardin, 1927) Simpson, 1940
      |  `-- †T. asiatica Ni, Wang, Hu & Li, 2004
      `--+-- Tarsiiformes Gregory, 1915 (kummituseläimet)
         `-- Anthropoidea Mivart, 1864 [Simiiformes Haeckel, 1866] (“higher” primates, monkeys & apes; apinat)

Note:

Recent phylogenetic analysis by Ni, Wang, Hu & Li (2004) seems to indicate that †Teilhardina Simpson, 1940 is a polyphyletic taxon and the name should be restricted to typespecies †Teilhardina belgica (Teilhard de Chardin, 1927) Simpson, 1940 and new taxon †Teilhardina asiatica Ni, Wang, Hu & Li, 2004, which are sistertaxa.

Other species of †Teilhardina (†T. americana Bown, 1976; †T. crassidens Bown & Rose, 1987; †T. tenuicula Jepsen, 1930; †T. brandti Gingerich, 1993, †T. demissa Rose, 1995, and T. gingerichi Rose et al., 2012), seems to be related to anaptomorphine omomyids.

 

Phylogeny of selected early Primates after Gunnell, Ciochon, Gingerich & Holroyd, 2002, and Gunnell & Miller, 2001

<==o Primates
   |-- †Teilhardina [are Anaptomorphines [Tarsiiformes: Omomyidae]]
   `--+-- †Eosimiidae 
      `--+-- †Cantius [are Notarchines [Strepsirrhini: Notarchidae]]
         `--+-- †Notarctus [are Notarchines [Strepsirrhini: Notarchidae]]
            `--+?- †Aframonius dieides [is a caenopithecine [Strepsirrhini: Adapidae]]
               `--+?- †Djebelemur martinezi Hartenberger & Marandat, 1992
                  `--+-- †Hesperolemur [are Notarchines [Strepsirrhini: Notarchidae]]
                     |-- †Siamopithecus eocaenus [is a Pondaungine [Strepsirrhini: Notarchidae]]
                     |--o †Pondaungini Ciochon & Holroyd, 1994 [are notarchids [Strepsirrhini: Notarchidae]]
                     |  |-- †Amphipithecus mogaungensis Colbert, 1937 [incl. A. bahinensis]
                     |  `--o †Pondaungia Pilgrim, 1927
                     |     |-- †P. cotteri Pilgrim, 1927 [incl. P. minuta Jaeger et al., 1998]
                     |     `-- †P. savagei Gunnell, Ciochon, Gingerich & Holroyd, 2002
                     `--o Anthropoidea
                        |-- †Quatrania wingi [is a Parapithecid [Parapithecoidea: Parapithecidae]]
                        |--o †Parapithecidae [Parapithecidae: Parapithecinae]
                        |  |-- †Arsinoea kallimos
                        |  `--+-- †Serapia eocaena
                        |     `--o †Apidium
                        |        |-- †A. phiomense
                        |        `-- †A. moustafai
                        `--+-- †Propliopithecidae
                           `--+-- Cercopithecoidea (vanhan maailman häntäapinat; old world monkies)
                              `-- Hominoidea (ihmisapinat; apes)

Reference(s):

  • Ciochon, R. L., Gingerich, P. D., Gunnell, G. F. & Simons, E. L., 2001: Primate postcrania from the late middle Eocene of Myanmar.
    –PNAS: Vol. 98, #14, pp. 7672-7677
  • Gunnell, G. F., Ciochon, R. L., Gingerich, P. D. & Holroyd, P. A., 2002: New assessment of Pondaungia and Amphipithecus (Primates) from the late middle Eocene of Myanmar, with a comment on "Amphipithecidae".
    –Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan: Vol. 30, #13, pp. 337-372
  • Gunnell, G. F. & Miller, W. E., 2001: Origin of Anthropoidea: Dental evidence and recognition of early anthropoids in the fossil record, with comments on the asian anthropoid radiation.
    –American Journal of Physical Anthropology: Vol. 114, pp. 177-191

Reference(s):