After McKenna & Bell, 1997, Novacek, Rougier, Wible, McKenna, Dashzeveg & Horovitz, 1997, Kielan-Jaworowska, Novacek, Trofimov & Dashzeveg, 2000 and Archibald, Averianov & Ekdale, 2001
Alternative view after Carroll 1988 (originally from Novacek & Wyss 1986??)
Alternative view after McKenna & Bell, 1997
<==o Epitheria McKenna, 1975 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 |?- †Hyotheridium dobsoni Gregory & Simpson, 1926 |?-o †Asioryctitheria Novacek, Rougier, Wible, McKenna, Dashzeveg & Horovitz, 1997 [Kennalestoidea Kielan-Jaworowska, 1981] | |--o †Asioryctidae Kielan-Jaworowska, 1981 | | |-- †Ukhaatherium nessovi Novacek, Rougier, Wible, McKenna, Dashzeveg & Horovitz, 1997 | | `-- †Asioryctes nemegetensis Kielan-Jaworowska, 1975 | `--o †Kennalestidae Kielan-Jaworowska, 1981 | |-- †Prokennalestes trofinovi Kielan-Jaworowska & Dashzeveg, 1989 [incl. P. minor Kielan-Jaworowska & Dashzeveg, 1989] | |-- †Kennalestes gobiensis Kielan-Jaworowska, 1969 | `-- †Sailestes quadrans Nesov, 1982 `--o Preptotheria McKenna, 1975 [incl. Therictoidea Gregory, 1910; Tokotheria McKenna, 1975] |--+?- Leptictida [Proeutheria, incl. Palaeanodonta, incl. Pholidota??!!] | `--+?- Anagalida Szalay & McKenna, 1971 [Synonyms] (rodent-like eutherians; jyrsijä-jäniseläimet) | `?- Archonta (primate-like eutherians; kädellistensukuiset) `--+--o Insectivora | `-- Lipotyphla Haeckel, 1866 (modern insect-eaters; nykyhyönteissyöjät) `?-o Ferungulata |-- Ungulatomorpha Archibald, J. D., 1996 (ungulate-like eutherians; ungulaattimaiset) `--o Ferae Linnaeus, 1758 [Rapacia Newman, 1843; Ferina Newman, 1843; Carnassia Haeckel, 1895; Sarcotheria Haeckel, 1895; Carnivoramorpha Kalandadze & Rautian, 1992] [incl.? Carnaria Haeckel, 1866] |?- Cimolesta McKenna, 1975 [†Cimolestiformes Kinman, 1994] [Problematic, see alternative tree after Carroll 1988] `--+-- †Creodonta (kreodontit; creodonts) `-- Carnivoramorpha Kalandadze & Rautian, 1992 (modern carnivores and their extinct relatives; nykypetoeläinmäiset nisäkkäät)
After Carroll 1988<==o Epitheria |--o †ASIORYCTITHERIA | |-- †Asioryctitheriidae | `-- †Kennalestidae |--o †“ZALAMBDALESTIDA” | `-- †Zalambdalestidae |?-o “Cimolestidae” | |-- †Batodon | |-- †Gallolestes | |-- †Cimolestes | `-- †Procerbus |?- †Palaeoryctidae |?-o †APATOTHERIA | `-- †Apatemyidae |?-o †LEPTICTIDA | |-- †Gypsonictidae | |-- †Leptictidae | `-- †Pseudorhyncocyonidae |--o †PANTOLESTA | |-- †Pantolestidae | |-- †Pentacodontidae | `-- ?†Ptolemaiidae |?-o †TAENIODONTA | `-- †Stylimodontidae |--o †PANTODONTA | |-- †Archaeolambidae | |-- †Bemalambdidae | |-- †Pantolambdidae | |-- †Barylambdidae | |-- †Titanoideidae | |-- †Coryphodontidae | |-- †Harpyodidae | |-- †Pantolambdodontidae | |-- †Pastoralodontidae | `-- †Cyriacotheriidae |?-o †TILLODONTA | `-- †Esthonychidae |?- †PANTODONTA |?-o †DINOCERATA | |-- †Uintatheriidae | `-- †Gobiatheriidae |--+-- INSECTIVORA | `?- FERAE |-- UNGULATA |-- ARCHONTA `-- ANAGALIDA |
After McKenna & Bell, 1997<==o Epitheria |?- †Hyotheridium |?- †Murtoilestes |?- †Deccanolestes |?-o †Asioryctitheria | `--o †Asioryctidae | |-- †Asioryctes | `-- †Ukhaatherium |-- Leptictida `--o Preptotheria |--+-- Archonta | `-- Anagalida `--+--o Insectivora | `-- Lipotyphla `?-o Ferungulata |--o Ungulatomorpha | `-- Ungulata `--o Ferae |?- Cimolesta `--+-- †Creodonta `-- Carnivoramorpha |
Reference(s):
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