After McKenna & Bell, 1997, with species from Alroy, 2002-
<==o Cimolesta McKenna, 1975 [†Cimolestiformes Kinman, 1994] [problematic, some consider this as a “wastebasket” taxon] |?- †Avitotherium utahensis Cifelli, 1990d; U.Cret. NA. [Also a possible zhelestid] `--+?- †Alostera saskatchewanensis Fox, 1989; U.Cret. NA. |?- †Ravenictis krausei Fox & Youzwyshyn, 1994; L.Paleoc. NA. [possibly a Carnivoramorphan] |?-o †Pararyctes Van Valen, 1966; L.Paleoc.-L.Eoc. NA. [treated as palaeoryctid by Scott, Fox & Youzwyshyn, 2002] | |-- †P. pattersoni Van Valen, 1966 | `-- †P. rutherfordi Scott, Fox & Youzwyshyn, 2002 |?-o †Wyolestinae Gingerich, 1981 | |--o †Wyolestes Gingerich, 1981; L.Eoc. NA. | | |-- †W. apheles Gingerich, 1981 | | |-- †W. dioctes Gingerich, 1982c | | `-- †W. iglesius Novacek et al., 1991 | |-- †Hsiangolestes youngi Zheng & Huang, 1984; L.Eoc. SEAs. | `--o †Mongoloryctes Van Valen, 1966; M.Eoc. As. | |-- †M. acutus | `-- †M. ductus |?- †Palaeoryctidae Winge, 1917 [taxonomic history] `--+?-o †Ernodonta Ding [Ting], 1987 | `--o †Ernanodontidae Ding [Ting], 1979 | |?- †Asiabradypus incompositus Nessov, 1987; U.Paleoc. EAs., ?L.Eoc. NA. | `-- †Ernanodon antelios Ding [Ting], 1979; U.Paleoc. EAs. |-- †Didelphodonta McKenna, 1995 |-- †Apatotheria Scott & Jepsen, 1936 |-- †Taeniodonta Cope, 1876 [taxonomic history] |-- †Tillodonta Marsh, 1875 [taxonomic history] |-- †Pantodonta Cope, 1873 [taxonomic history] `--+-- †Pantolesta McKenna, 1975 [taxonomic history] `?- Pholidota Weber, 1904 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 [taxonomic history] (pangolins; muurahaiskävyt)
Note:
This is a problematic taxon, see alternative tree after Carroll 1988.
Reference(s):
- Alroy, J., 2002: North American fossil mammal systematics database.
–iNet: North American fossil mammal systematics database: http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/nafmsd.html - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Cifelli, R. L., 1990: Cretaceous mammals of Southern Utah. IV. Eutherian mammals from the Wahweap (Aquilan) and Kaiparowits (Judithian) Formations.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 10, #3, pp. 346-360 - Fox, R. C. & Youzwyshyn, G. P., 1994: New primitive carnivorans (Mammalia) from the Paleocene of Western Canada, and their bearing on relationships of the order.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 14, #3, pp. 382-404 - Gazin, C. L., 1976: Mammalian faunal zones of the Bridger Middle Eocene.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 26, pp. iv-25 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631