Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

†Procolophonomorpha

After Tsuji & Müller, 2009

<==o Procolophonomorpha Romer, 1964 sensu Lee, 1995 [Ankyramorpha deBraga & Reitz, 1996]
   |?- †Australothyris smithi Modesto, Scott & Reisz, 2009; M.Per. SAf.
   `--+-- †Procolophonoidea Romer, 1956 [Procolophonia Seeley, 1888; Procolophoniformes Lee, 1995]
      `--+--o †Nycteroleteridae Romer, 1956 [incl. Rhipaeosauridae Chudinov, 1955]
         |  |-- †Leptoropha novojilovi Chudinov, 1955
         |  |-- †Macroleter poezicus Tverdochlebova & Ivachnenko, 1984
         |  |--o †Rhipaeosaurus Efremov, 1940
         |  |  |-- †R. talonophorus Chudinov, 1955
         |  |  `-- †R. tricuspidens Efremov, 1940
         |  `--+-- †Bashkyroleter bashkyricus (Efremov, 1940) Ivakhnenko, 1997 [=? Nycteroleter bashkyricus]
         |     |--o †Nycteroleter Efremov, 1938
         |     |  |-- †N. kassini Tchudinov, 1955
         |     |  |-- †N. ineptus Efremov, 1938
         |     |  `-- †N. ultimus Tchudinov &: Vjuschkov, 1955
         |     `--+-- †“Bashkyroleter” mesensis Ivakhnenko, 1997
         |        `-- †Emeroleter levis Ivakhnenko, 1997
         `-- †Pareiasauria Seeley, 1888 sensu Tsuji & Müller, 2009 [Hallucicrania Lee, 1995; Pareiasauriformes Lee, 1996]

<==o Procolophonomorpha
   |?- †Australothyris
   |--o †Lanthanosuchoidea
   |  |--o †Acleistorhinidae
   |  |  |?- †Colobomycter
   |  |  `-- †Acleistorhinus
   |  `--o †Lanthanosuchidae
   |     |-- †Lanthaniscus
   |     |-- †Lanthanosuchus
   |     `-- †Chalcosaurus
   `--o Procolophonomorpha
      |--o †Nyctiphruretia
      |  |?- †Tokosaurus
      |  |-- †Nyctiphruretus
      |  `--o †Nycteroleteridae
      |     |?- †Rhipaeosaurus
      |     |-- †Nycteroleter
      |     `-- †Macroleter
      `--o Procolophonia
         |-- †Procolophonoidea Romer, 1956
         `-- Hallucicrania

<==o Procolophonomorpha
   |-- †Australothyris smithi
   `--o †Ankyramorpha
      |-- †Lanthanosuchoidea
      `--+-- †Bolosauridae
         |-- †Nyctiphruretia
         `--+-- †Nyctiphruretia
            `-- Procolophonia Seeley, 1888 [incl. Testudinata?]

Reference(s):

• Berman, D. S., Reisz, R. R., Scott, D., Henrici, A. C., Sumida, S. S. & Martens, T. 2000: Early Permian bipedal reptile.
  –Science: vol. 290, 3 November, pp. 969-972.
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
  in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Daly, E., 1969: A new procolophonoid reptile from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma.
  –Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 43, #3, pp. 676-687 [permanent link: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-3360%28196905%2943%3A3%3C676%3AANPRFT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L]
• Debraga, M. & Reisz, R. R., 1996: The Early Permian reptile Acleistorhinus pteroticus and its phylogenetic position.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 16, #3, pp. 384-395
• Laurin, M., Gauthier, J. A. & Hedges, S. B., 1996-1997: Amniota – Mammals and reptiles.
  –iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree/
• Laurin, M., & Gauthier, J. A., 1996-2000: Phylogeny and Classification of Amniotes.
  –iNet: The Tree of Life: http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/amniotelichen/Amniotephylogeny.htm
• Lee, M. S. Y., 1993: The origin of the turtle body plan: Bridging a famous morphological gap.
  –Science: Vol. 261, 24 September, 1716-1720
• Lee, M. S. Y., 1996: Correlated progression and the origin of turtles.
  –Nature: Vol. 379, 29 February, pp. 812-815
• Lee, M. S. Y., 1997: Pareiasaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles.
  –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 120, pp. 197-280
• Modesto, S. P., 1999: Observations on the structure of the Early Permian reptile Staurosternon tuditum Cope.
  –Paleontologica Africana: Vol. 35, pp. 7-19
• Modesto, S. P., 2000: Eunotosaurus africanus and the Gondwanan ancestery of anapsid reptiles.
  –Paleontologica Africana: Vol. 36, pp. 15-20
• Modesto, S. P., Scott, D. M. & Reisz, R. R., 2009: A new parareptile with temporal fenestration from the Middle Permian of South Africa.
  –Canadian Journal of Earth Sciencies: Vol. 46, #1, pp. 9-20
• Tsuji, L. A. & Müller, J., 2009: Assembling the history of the Parareptilia: phylogeny, diversification, and a new definition of the clade.
  –Fossil Record: Vol. 12, #1, pp. 71-81 [doi: 10.1002/mmng.200800011]