Squamata

After Evans & Barbadillo, 1998

<==o Squamata Oppel, 1811 (suomumatelijat; squamates)
   |--o †Bavarisauridae sensu Evans & Barbadillo, 1998 [have been treated as basal Gekkotans]
   |  |-- †Bavarisaurus U. Jur. Eu.
   |  `-- †Palaeolacerta U. Jur. Eu. 
   `--+-- †Scandensia ciervensis Evans & Barbadillo, 1998
      |--o †Eichstaettisauridae Kuhn, 1958 sensu Alifanov, 2000 [phylogenetic position after Evans & Barbadillo, 1998, has been treated as basal Scincomorphs] 
      |  |-- †Eichstaettisaurus U. Jur. Eu. [Broilisaurus]
      |  `-- †Globaura venusta Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1988, U. Cret., EAs.
      `--+-- †Ardeosaurus brevipes [Eichstattosaurus] U. Jur. Eu. [Ardeosauridae]
         `--o “Neosquamata” [last common ancester of all modern squamates]
            |-- Iguania Cope, 1864 (iguaanimaiset liskot; iguana-like lizards)
            `--o Scleroglossa sensu Estes, 1988
               |?- †Eolacerta robusta Nöth, 1940 [Iguanosaurus haupti Kuhn, 1944; Iguanosauriscus haupti Kuhn, 1958; Eolacerta robusta Estes, 1983] [problematic, see Anguimorpha or Lacertidae for alternative positions]
               |?-o †Carusiidae Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1987 [Carolinidae Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1985] [are scincomorps? (Alifanov, 2000)]
               |  |-- †Carusia intermedia Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1985
               |  `-- †Shinisauroides latipalatum Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1985
               `--o Autarchoglossa [last common ancester of Scincus & Varanus]
                  |--o Anguimorpha [all autarchoglossans closer to Varanus & Anguis than Scincus]
                  |  |-- Xenosauridae
                  |  `--+-- Anguidae
                  |     `--+--+-- Helodermatidae
                  |        |  `--+-- Lanthanotus
                  |        |     `-- Varanus
                  |        `--+-- Gekkota sensu stricto [Nyctisauria] (gekkomaiset liskot; Gecko-like lizards)
                  |           `--+-- Serpentes (snakes; käärmeet)
                  |              `--+-- Didamidae ()? [2/15] 
                  |                 `-- Amphisbaenia [Annulata] (matoliskot; wormlizards)
                  `--o Scincomorpha  Camp, 1923 (skinkkimäiset liskot;, Scincus-like lizards)
                     |?- †Yabeinosaurus Endo & Shikama, 1942 [incl.? Jeholacerta Ji & Ren, 1999] L.Cret. EAs. ?U. Jur. SAs. [paraphyletic Ardeosauridae]
                     |--+-- †Meyasaurus
                     |  `--+-- Gymnophthalmidae
                     |     `-- Teiidae
                     `--+-- Lacertidae
                        `--+-- Xantusiidae
                           `--+-- †Paramacellodus
                              `--+-- Scincidae
                                 `-- Cordyliformes [Cordylidae & Gerrhosauridae]

Reference(s):

Alifanov, V. R., 2000: The fossil record of Cretaceous lizards from Mongolia. 368-389
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696
Caldwell, M. W., 1999: Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new species of Coniasaurus Owen, 1850.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 19, #3, pp. 438-455
Caldwell, M. W., 1999: Squamate phylogeny and the relationships of snakes and mosasauroids.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society; Vol. 125, pp. 115-147
Caldwell, M. W. & Cooper, J. A. 2000: Redescription, palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology of Coniasaurus grassidens Owen, 1850 (Squamata) from the Lower Chalk (Cretaceous; Cenomanian) of SE England.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 127, #4, pp. 423-452.
Caldwell, M. W. & Lee, M. S. Y., 1997: A snake with legs from the marine Cretaceous of the Middle East.
–Nature: Vol. 386, 17 April, pp. 705-709

Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698

Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698

Evans, S. E. & Barbadillo, L. J., 1997: Early Cretaceous lizards from Las Hoyas, Spain.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 119, #1, pp. 23-49
Evans, S. E. & Barbadillo, L. J., 1998: An unusual lizard (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 124, pp. 235-265
Müller, J., 2001: Osteology and relationships of Eolacerta robusta, a lizard from the Middle Eocene of Germany (Reptilia, Squamata).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #2, pp. 261-278
Rieppel, O. 1994: The Lepidosauromorpha: an overview with special emphasis on the Squamata. 23-37.
in Fraser, N. C. & Sues, H-D. 1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs.
–Cambridge University Press, New York. 1994
Uetz, P., Etzold, T. & Chenna, R., 1995-2000: The Reptile Database [former “EMBL Reptile Database”]
–iNet: http://www.reptile-database.org/

Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

Squamata – lizards and snakes

After Evans & Barbadillo, 1998

Reference(s):