After Mayr & Clarke, 2003, and Mayr, 2004
<==o Neognathia Huxley, 1867 [Neognathe] (uusleukaiset; neognathous modern birds) |--o Galloanseres | |-- Galliformes (kanalinnut; fowls, chickens) | `-- Anseriformes (sorsalinnut; ducks, swans & geese) `--o Neoaves |--o Gruiformes (kurkilinnut; crane-like birds) | |-- Rallidae [Ralli] (rantakanat) | `--+--o Psophia (kyssäkurjet) [Psophidae] | | |-- P. crepitans (kyssäkurki) | | |-- P. leucoptera (perunkyssäkurki) | | `-- P. viridis (brasiliankyssäkurki) | `-- Gruidae [incl. Aramidae] (cranes; kurjet) `--+-- Otididae (bustards; trapit) `--+--+-- Balaenicipitidae (Shoebills; kenkänokat) | `--+-- Eurypygoidea (aurinkokurjet) | `-- Ardeiidae (haikarat; herons) `--+--+-- Plataleidae [Threskiornithidae] (iibikset; ibises) | `--+-- Ciconiidae (kattohaikarat; storks) | `--+--o †Juncitarsus | | |-- †J. gracillimus | | `-- †J. merkeli | `--+-- Podicipedidae [Podicipediformes] (grebes; uikkulinnut) | `--o Phoenicopteriformes sensu Olson, 1985, and Feduccia, 1980, 1996 | |-- †Palaeolotidae | `-- Phoenicopteridae (flamingolinnut; flamingoes) `--+--+-- Vulturides [Cathartides] (kondoriensukuiset linnut; new world vultures and related forms) | `--+--o Sagittariidae (secretarybirds; sihteerilinnut) | | |--o †Pelargopappus | | | |-- †P. schlosseri | | | `-- †P. magnus | | `-- Sagittarius serpentarius (sihteeri) | `--+-- Strigiformes (pöllölinnut; owls) | `-- Falconiformes s. s. (päiväpetolinnut; falcons, hawks, eagles, etc.) `--+--+-- Burnithidae (paksujalat; thick-knees) | `-- Charadriiformes (shorebirds; rantalinnut) `--+--+-- Pelecaniformes (pelikaanilinnut; pelecans, sulas, anhingas and cormorants (shags)) | `--+-- Procellariiformes (ulappalinnut; shearwaters, albatrosses and storm petrels) | `--+-- Gaviiformes Wetmore & Miller, 1926 (kuikkalinnut; loons) | `-- Sphenisciformes (pingviinilinnut; penguins) `--+--+--+-- Cariamae (käärmekurkimaiset nykylinnut) | | `--o Opisthocomidae [Opisthocomiformes] (hoazins; haisulinnut) | | |?- †Hoatzi sp. | | |-- †Hoazinoides magdalenae Miller, A.H., 1953 | | `-- Opisthocomus hoazin (hoazin; töyhtökana, haisulintu) | `--+-- Musophagidae [Musophagiformes] (turakot) | `-- Cuculidae [Cuculiformes] (käkilinnut) `--+--+-- Pteroclididae [Pteroclidiformes] (hietakanat) | `-- Columbidae [incl. Raphidae] [Columbiformes] `--+--+-- Aegothelidae (Australian goatsuckers; australiankehrääjät) | `--+-- Steatornithidae (rasvalinnut; oilbirds) | `-- Trogonidae [Trogoniformes] (trogons; trogonit) `--+-- Passeriformes (varpuslinnut; songbirds) `--+-- Coraciidae [Coraciiformes s.s.] `--+-- Psittaciformes (papukaijalinnut; parrots) `-- Coliiformes (hiirolinnut; mousebirds)
Orders not treated by Mayr & Clarke, 2003:
"Turnaciformes" (lyhytjalkajuoksijat)
†Sandcoleiformes
Piciformes (tikkalinnut; woodpeckers)
Alcediniformes (kuningaskalastajalinnut; kingfishers)
Bucerotiformes
Caprimulgiformes (kehrääjälinnut; goatsuckers, nightjars) [paraphyletic]
Apodiformes (kirskulinnut; swifts & hummingbirds)
Reference(s):
- Ericson, P. G. P. 1996: Systematic relationships of the Palaeogene family Presbyornithidae (Aves: Anseriformes).
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 121, #4, pp. 429-483 - Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The origin and evolution of birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1996, xii-420 - Livezey, B. C. & Zusi, R. L., 2001: Higher-order phylogenetics of modern Aves based on comperative anatomy.
–Netherlands Journal of Zoology: Vol. 51, #2, pp. 179-205 - Mayr, G., 2004: Morphological evidence for sister group relationship between flamingos (Aves: Phoenicopteridae) and grebes (Podicipedidae).
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 140, pp. 157-169 - Mayr, G. & Clarke, J. A., 2003: The deep divergences of neornithine birds: a phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters.
–Cladistics: Vol. 19, #5, pp. 527-553 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111.