After Olson, 1985, Sibley & Monroe, 1990, and Feduccia, 1996, with species information from Peterson, 2002-2004, and Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
<==o Pelecaniformes Sharpe, 1891 (Tropicbirds, pelicans, frigate birds, boobies, anhingas and cormorants; pelikaanilinnut) |?- †Torotix clemensi Brodkorb, 1963 sensu Hope, 2002 (nomen dubium?) [Torotigidae] [jr. synon. to Graculavidae?] |--o Phaethontes (Sharpe, 1891) (Tropicbirds; tropiikkilinnut, jouhipyrstöt) | |--o †Prophaethontidae Harrison & Walker, 1976 | | |-- †Prophaethon shrubsolei Andrews, 1899; L.Eoc. WEu. | | `-- †Lithoptila abdounensis Bourdon, Bouya & Iarochène, 2005; U.Pal. NWAf. | `--o Phaethontidae Brandt, 1831 | |--o †Heliadornis Mioc. ENA. Eu. | | |-- †H. sp. [Olson, 1985b] Mioc. ENA. WEu. | | `-- †H. sp. [Mlíkovský, 1997] Mioc. CEu. | `--o Phaethon Linnaeus, 1758 (tropicbirds; jouhipystöt) | |-- P. aethereus Linnaeus, 1758 (suomujouhipyrstö) | |-- P. rubricauda Boddaert, 1783 (valkojouhipyrstö) | `-- P. lepturus Daudin, 1802 (pikkujouhipyrstö) `--o Steganopodes (Chandler, 1916) sensu Cracraft, 1985, Livezey & Zusi, 2007 |--o Fregatea Sharpe, 1891 (Frigate bird-like; kaappareidensukuiset) | `-- Fregatidae Garrod, 1874 (Frigate birds; kaapparit) `--o Pelecanides (Sharpe, 1891) |--o Sulae Sharpe, 1891 [Suloidea (Reichenbach, 1849) sensu Cracraft, 1985] (boobie-like; suulansukuiset) | |-- Sulidae Reichenbach, 1849 [Suloidea (Reichenbach, 1849)] (boobies; suulat) | `--o Phalacorcoracoidea (Bonaparte, 1854) | |-- Phalacrocoracidae Reichenbach, 1849 (Cormorants and shags; merimetsot) | `--+-- †Plotopteridae Howard, 1969 (penguin-like boobies; pingviinisuulat) | `-- Anhingidae (Anhingas; käärmekaulat) `--o Pelecanida (Sharpe, 1891) [Pelecani] |?-o †Odontopterygia (Spulski, 1910) [Odontopterygiformes (Spulski, 1910); Osteodontornithes] (pseudotooth birds; valehammaslinnut) | `-- †Pelagornithidae Fürbringer, 1888 (pseudotooth birds; valehammaslinnut) `-- Pelecanidae (Pelicans; pelikaanit)
After Mayr, 2004<==o Pelecaniformes |-- Pelecanidae `--o Steganopodes |-- Fregatidae `--+--+-- †Plotopteridae | `-- Spheniscidae `--o Suloidea |-- Sulidae |-- Phalacrocoracidae `-- Anhingidae Reference(s):
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After Livezey & Zusi, 2007<==o Pelecaniformes Sharpe, 1891 (pelecans, sulas, anhingas and cormorant & shags; pelikaanilinnut) |--o Phaethontes (Sharpe, 1891) | |?- †Prophaethontidae Harrison & Walker, 1976 | `-- Phaethontidae Brandt, 1831 (jouhipyrstöt) `--o Steganopodes (Chandler, 1916) |--o Fregatides (Sharpe, 1891) [Fregatae] | `--o Fregatoidea (Garrod, 1974) | `-- Fregatidae Garrod, 1874 (kaapparit) `--o Pelecanides (Sharpe, 1891) |--o Pelecanida (Sharpe, 1891 sensu Livezey & Zusi, 2007 [Pelecani] | `-- Pelecanidae Vigors, 1825 (pelikaanit) `--o Sulida (Reichenbach, 1849) sensu Livezey & Zusi, 2007 [Sulae] |--o Suloidea (Reichenbach, 1849) | `-- Sulidae (Reichenbach, 1849) (suulat) `--o Phalacorcoracoidea (Bonaparte, 1854) |-- Phalacrocoracidae (Bonaparte, 1854) (merimetsot) `--+?- †Plotopteridae Howard, 1969 (pingviinisuulat) `-- Anhingidae Ridgeway, 1887 (käärmekaulat) Reference(s):
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Reference(s):
- Bourdon, E., Bouya, B. & Iarochène, M., 2005: Earliest African neornithine bird: a new species of Prophaethontidae (Aves) from the Paleocene of Marocco.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 25, #1, pp. 157-170 - Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The origin and evolution of birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1996, xii-420 - Hope, S., 2002: The Mesozoic Radiation of Neornithes. 339-388.
in Chiappe, L. M. & Witmer, L. M., (eds.) 2002: Mesozoic Birds – Above the Heads of Dinosaur.
–University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 2002, xii-520 - Livezey, B. C. & Zusi, R. L., 2007: Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comperative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 149, #1, pp. 1-95 - Mayr, G., 2004: Tertiary plotopterids (Aves, Plotopteridae) and novel hypothesis on the phylogenetic relationships of penguins (Spheniscidae).
–JZS: Vol. 43, #1, pp. 61-71 [doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2004.00291.x] - Olson, S. L., 1977: A Lower Eocene frigatebird from the Green River Formation of Wyoming (Pelecaniformes: Fregatidae).
–Smithsonian Cintributions to Paleobiology: No. 35, pp. iv-33 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B, L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111. - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2004: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-01-21]