After Zrzavý & Hypša, 2003
<==o Metazoa (monisoluiset eläimet; multicellural animals) |?- †Archaeocyatha [enigmatic Cambrian sponges?] |-- Porifera (sienieläimet; sponges) `--o Animalia Linnaeus, 1758, emend. Adl et al., 2005 [Eumetazoa Bütschli, 1910] |--+-- Cnidaria (polttiaiseläimet) | `--+-- Trichoplax adhaerens von Schultze, 1883 [Phagocytellozoa: Placozoa Grell, 1971] (laakkoeläimet) | `-- Ctenophora (kampamaneetit) `--+--+--o Acoela [=? Acoelomata] | | |?-o Xenoturbellida [been recently treated as unusual deuterostome] | | | `-- Xenoturbella bocki | | `--+-- Gnathostomulida (kampaleukamadot) | | `-- Platyhelmithes (laakamadot) | `--+-- Mesozoa [Rhombozoa Krohn, 1839 sensu Parker, 1982] | `--+-- Polypodium | `-- Myxozoa sensu Zrzavý & Hypša, 2003 `--+?- Monoblastozoa (salvaeläimet) `-- Bilateralia (kaksikylkis-symmetriset eläimet; bilaterally symmetric animals)
Reference(s):
- Conway Morris, S., 1993: The fossil record and early evolution of the Metazoa.
–Nature, vol. 361, 21 January, pp. 219-225 - Davidson, E. H., Peterson,K. J. & Cameron, R. A., 1995: Origin of bilaterian body plans: Evolution of developmental regulatory mechanisms.
–Science: Vol. 270, 24 November, pp. 1319-1325 - Hou, X. & Bergström, J., 1997: Arthropods of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, southwest China.
–Fossils & Strata, #45, 22nd December 1997, pp. 1-116 - –iNet: The Tree of Life
- Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
–McGrew-Hill Book Company - Peterson, K. J. & Eernisse, D. J., 2001: Animal phylogeny and the ancestry of bilaterians: inferences from morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequences.
–Evolution & Development: Vol. 3, #3, pp. 170-205 - Zrzavý, J. & Hypša, V., 2003: Myxozoa, Polypodium, and the origin of the Bilateria: The phylogenetic position of "Endocnidozoa" in the light of the rediscovery of Buddenbrockia.
–Cladistics: Vol. 19, #3, pp. 164-169