After Spindler, 2015

<==o Synapsida Osborn, 1903 (yksiohimoaukkoiset amniootit; mammal-like amniotes)
   `==o “Pelycosauria” Case, 1907? [paraphyletic basal synapsids]
      |--o †Caseasauria Williston, 1912 sensu Reisz, 1986?
      |  |--o †Eothyrididae Romer & Price, 1940
      |  |  |-- †Oedaleops campi Langston, 1962
      |  |  `--+-- †Eothyris parkeyi Romer, 1937
      |  |     `-- †Vaughnictis smithae (Lewis & Vaughn, 1965) Brocklehurst, Reisz, Fernandez & Fröbisch, 2016 [Mycterosaurus smithae Lewis & Vaughn, 1965]
      |  `-- †Caseidae Williston, 1912
      |-- †Varanopseidae (Romer & Price, 1940) Langston & Reisz, 1981 [Varanopsidae (Romer & Price, 1940); Varanopidae (Romer & Price, 1940) Reisz & Dilkes, 2003; Benson, 2012]
      `--o Metopophora
         |-- †Ophiacodontidae Nopcsa, 1923
         `--o Haplodontiformes Spindler, 2015 [paraphyletic Haplodontinae]
            |-- †Ianthodon schultzei Kissel & Reisz, 2004
            |-- †Eohaptodus garnettensis (Currie, 1977) Spindler, 2015 [Haptodus garnettensis Currie, 1977]
            |-- †Kenomagnathus scotti Spindler, 2015 [Haptodus garnettensis Currie, 1977 (in partim)]
            `--+-- †Haptodus beylei Gaudry, 1886
               |-- †Tenuacaptor reiszi Spindler, 2015 [Haptodus garnettensis Currie, 1977 (in partim)]
               `--o Eupelycosauria Kemp, 1982 [Sphenacomorpha Ivakhnenko, 2003] (purjeliskot; nisäkäslikot ja nisäkkäät; fin-backed sphenacodonts, therapsids and mammals)
                  |--+?- †Xyrospondylus ecordi (Peabody, 1957) Reisz, Heaton & Pynn, 1982 [Edaphosaurus ecordi Peabody, 1957]
                  |  `-- †Edaphosauridae Cope, 1882 sensu Modesto, 1995
                  `--o Sphenacodontia Williston 1912 (non Marsh, 1878) sensu Romer & Price, 1940 [PanTherapsida Spindler, 2015; Sphenacodontidae Marsh, 1878 sensu lato]
                     |-- †Cutleria wilmarthi Lewis & Vaughn, 1965 ["Haptodus wilmarthi" (Currie, 1977); Haptodus baylei Gaudry, 1886 (sensu novo (Currie, 1979))] [paraphyletic Haplodontinae]
                     |?- †Hypselohaptodus grandis (Paton, 1974) Spindler, 2015 [em>Haptodus grandis Paton, 1974]

                     `--+-- †Pantelosaurus saxonicus Von Huene, 1925 ["Haptodus saxonicus" (Romer & Price, 1940); Haptodus baylei Gaudry, 1886 (sensu novo (Currie, 1979)] [paraphyletic Haplodontinae]
                        |?- †Palaeohatteria longicaudata Credner, 1888 [nec Palaeosphenodon (Baur, 1889); nec Paleohatteria (Williston, 1912); "Haptodus longicaudatus" (Romer & Price, 1940); Haptodus baylei Gaudry, 1886 (sensu novo (Currie, 1979))] [Palaeohatteriidae]
                        `--+-- †Tetraceratops insignis Matthew, 1908
                           `--o Sphenacodontoidea Williston 1912 (non Marsh, 1878)
                              |-- Therapsida Broom, 1905 (therapsids, mammal-like synapsids; terapsidit, nisäkäsmäiset synapsidit, ‘nisäkäsliskot’)
                              `-- †Sphenacodontidae Marsh, 1878 (non Williston 1912) sensu stricto

Synapsida incertae sedis:

Echinerpeton intermedium Reisz, 1972
    †Elcabrosaurus baldwiniNitosaurus jacksonorum Romer, 1937 [AMNH-4796] [Nitosauridae Romer & Price, 1940(?)]Scoliomus puercensis Williston & Care, 1913
    †Wangwosaurus tayuensis Young, 1979

    †Nikkasauridae Ivakhnenko, 2000
        †Nikkasaurus tatarinovi Ivakhnenko, 2000
        †Reiszia Ivakhnenko, 2000
            †R. gubini Ivakhnenko, 2000 (Type)
            †R. tippula Ivakhnenko, 2000

    “Haplodontines” [paraphyletic Haplodontinae]
        †Bathygnathus borealis [AMNH-2325]
        †Macromerion schwartzenbergii Fritsch, 1879 [Macrornerion (an OCR error)]
        †Milosaurus mccordi DeMar, 1970

After Spindler, Werneburg, Schneider, Luthardt, Annacker & Rößler, 2018

<==o Synapsida
   `==o “Pelycosauria”
      |--o †Caseasauria
      |  |-- †Eocasea martini
      |  `--+-- †Eothyris parkeyi
      |     `--+--+-- †Oedaleops campi
      |        |  `-- †Vaughnictis smithae
      |        `-- †Caseidae
      `--o Eupelycosauria
         |-- †Varanopidae
         `--o Metopophora
            |-- †Ophiacodontidae
            `--o Haplodontiformes
               |-- †Ianthodon schultzei
               `--+--+-- †Ianthasaurus hardestiorum
                  |  `==>Edaphosauridae??
                  `--+-- †“Haptodus” garnettensis
                     `==> Sphenacodontoidea??

Reference(s):

  • Spindler, F., Werneburg, R., Schneider, J. W., Luthardt, L., Annacker, V. & Rößler, R., 2018: First arboreal ‘pelycosaurs’ (Synapsida: Varanopidae) from the early Permian Chemnitz Fossil Lagerstätte, SE Germany, with a review of varanopid phylogeny.
    –PalZ: in press [doi: 10.1007/s12542-018-0405-9]

After Benson, 2012

<==o Synapsida
   |--+-- †Ophiacodontidae
   |  `-- †Varanopidae
   `--+--o †Caseasauria
      |  |-- †Eothyrididae
      |  `-- †Caseidae
      `--o Eupelycosauria
         |-- †Ianthodon schultzei
         |-- †Edaphosauridae
         `--o Sphenacodontia [Sphenacodontidae sensu lato]
            |-- †Haptodus garnettensis
            `--+-- †Palaeohatteria
               `--+-- †Pantelosaurus
                  `--o Sphenacodontoidea
                     |-- Therapsida
                     `--+-- †Cutleria
                        `-- †Sphenacodontidae

Reference(s):

  • Benson, R. B. J., 2012: Interrelationships of basal synapsids: cranial and postcranial morphological partitions suggest different topologies.
    –Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: Vol. 10, #4, pp. 601-624 [doi: 10.1080/14772019.2011.631042]

After Laurin & Reisz, 1997 [“The Tree of Life”]

<==o Synapsida
   |--o †Caseasauria
   |  |-- †Eothyrididae
   |  `-- †Caseidae
   `--o Eupelycosauria
      |-- †Varanopseidae
      `--+-- †Ophiacodontidae
         `--+-- †Edaphosauridae
            `--o Sphenacodontia [Sphenacodontidae sensu lato]
               |-- †Haptodus
               `--+-- †Palaeohatteria
                  `--+-- †Pantelosaurus
                     `--+-- †Cutleria
                        `--o Sphenacodontoidea
                           |-- †Sphenacodontidae
                           `-- Therapsida

After Reisz, 1986 (from Benson, 2012)

<==o Synapsida
   |--o †Caseasauria
   |  |-- †Eothyrididae
   |  `-- †Caseidae
   `--+-- †Varanopseidae
      `--+-- †Ophiacodontidae
         `--+-- †Edaphosauridae
            `--+-- †Sphenacodontidae
               `-- Therapsida

After Brinkman & Eberth, 1983 (from Benson, 2012)

<==o Synapsida
   |--+-- †Varanopseidae
   |  `--o †Caseasauria
   |     |-- †Eothyrididae
   |     `-- †Caseidae
   `--+-- †Ophiacodontidae
      `--+-- †Edaphosauridae
         `--+-- †Sphenacodontidae
            `-- Therapsida

After Reisz, 1980 (from Benson, 2012)

<==o Synapsida
   |--o †Caseasauria
   |  |-- †Eothyrididae
   |  `-- †Caseidae
   `--+-- †Edaphosauridae
      `--+-- †Ophiacodontidae
         `--+-- †Varanopseidae
            `--+-- †Sphenacodontidae
               `-- Therapsida

After Romer & Price, 1940 (from Benson, 2012 and Spindler, 2015)

<==o Synapsida
   `==o Ophiacodontia
      |-- †Eothyrididae
      |-- †Ophiacodontidae
      `--+--o †Edaphosauria
         |  |--+==Nitosauridae
         |  |  `-- †Edaphosauridae
         |  `--+==Lupeosauridae
         |     `-- †Caseidae
         `--o Sphenacodontia
            |==Varanopseidae
            `==o †Sphenacodontidae
               |-- †Secodontosaurinae
               |--+-- †Haplodontinae
               |  `-- †Sphenacodontinae
               `-- Therapsida

Reference(s):

 

Special thanks to:

Jos H. M. Dols, for gathering additional information and species.