After Carroll, 1988, Gower, 1996, Frey, Sues & Munk, 1997, Gao & Fox, 1998, and Reisz, Modesto & Scott, 2011
<==o Neodiapsida Gauthier, 1984 sensu Benton, 1985 |?-o †Weigeltisauridae Kuhn, 1936 [Coelurosauravidae Evans & Haubold, 1987] [transfered to a new basal diapsid group Avicephala by Phil Senter (2004)] | |-- †Coelurosauravus elivensis Piveteau, 1926 [Daedalosaurus magagascariensis Carroll, 1976] U.Perm. CEu. Mad. | |-- †Weigeltisaurus jaekeli (Weigelt, 1930) Kuhn, 1936 [Palaeochamaelo jaekeli Weigelt, 1930;; Gracilisaurus ottoi Weigelt, 1930; Coelurosauravus jaekeli (Weigelt, 1930) Evans & Haubold, 1987] | `--o †Rautiania Bulanov & Sennikov, 2006; U.Perm. EEu. | |-- †R. alexandri Bulanov & Sennikov, 2006 | `-- †R. minichi Bulanov & Sennikov, 2006 |-- †Orovenator mayorum Reisz, Modesto & Scott, 2011 `--+-- †Lanthanolania ivakhnenkoi Reisz & Modesto, 2003 `--+-- †Apsisaurus witteri Laurin 1991 `--o Eosuchia Broom, 1924 sensu deBraga & Rieppel, 1997 |?=o †Eosuchia Broom, 1924 [Younginiformes Romer, 1945] [paraphyletic??, Rieppel, 1994 places these as basal lepidosauromorphs.] | |?- †Acerosodontosaurus piveteaui Currie, 1980 [Acerosodontosauridae] | |?- †Noteosuchus colletti (Watson, 1912) Broom, 1925 [Eosuchus colletti Watson, 1912] [preoccupied by Eosuchus lerichei Dollo, 1907, a gavialoid crocodylian] | |-- †Galesphyrus capensis Broom 1914 [Galesphyridae Currie 1981] | |--o †Younginidae Broom, 1914 | | |-- †Heleosuchus griesbachi Broom 1913 | | |-- †Thadeosaurus colcanapi Carroll, 1981 | | `-- †Youngina capensis Broom, 1914 [Youngoides romeri, Youngopsis] | `--o †Tangasauridae Haughton, 1924 | |-- †Hovasaurus boulei Currie, 1981 | |-- †Tangasaurus mennelli Currie, 1982 | `-- †Kenyasaurus mariakanensis Harris & Carroll, 1977 `--+?- †Claudiosaurus germaini Carroll, 1981 [Claudiosauridae Carroll, 1981 ] |?-+--o †Lazarussuchus Hecht, 1992; U.Olig.-L.Mioc. Eu. [Lazarussaurus (lapsus calami)] [non-Choristodere sensu Gao & Fox, 2005] | | |-- †L. inexpectatus Hecht, 1992 | | `-- †L. dvoraci Evans & Klembara, 2005 | `?- †Choristodera [alternative view after Gao & Fox, 1999] |?- †Ichthyosauromorpha Motani, Jiang, Chen, Tintori, Rieppel, Ji & Huang, 2014 (ichthyosaurs and relatives; kalaliskomaiset matelijat) `-- Sauria Gauthier, 1984 (uusmatelijat; modern diapsids)
Alternative phylogenies of basal neodiapsids:
After Bever, Lyson, Field & Bhullar, 2015:<== Neodiapsida |-- †Hovasaurus `--+-- †Younginiformes `--+-- †Orovenator `--+-- †Claudiosaurus `--+-- †Kuehneosauridae `--o Sauria |--+--+-- †Trilophosaurus | | `-- †Rhynchosauria | `--+-- †Prolacerta | `-- Archosauriformes `--+--+-- Rhynchocephalia | `-- Squamata `--+-- †Acerosodontosaurus `--+--o Pan-Testudinata | |-- †Eunotosaurus | `--+-- †Odontochelys | `-- †Proganochelys `--+-- †Placodus `--+-- †Sinosaurosphargis `-- †Eosauropterygia Reference(s):
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After Motani, Jiang, Chen, Tintori, Rieppel, Ji & Huang, 2014:<==o Sauria |--+--+-- †Helveticosaurus | | `-- †Choristodera | `--o Lepidosauriformes | |-- †Coelurosauravus | `--+-- †Sophineta | `--+--+-- †Pamelina | | `-- †Kuehneosauridae | `--+-- Rhynchocephalia | `-- Squamata `--+--+--+-- †Tanystropheus | | `-- †Macrocnemus | `--+-- †Prolacerta | `--+-- †Trilophosaurus | `--+-- †Rhynchosauria | `-- Archosauriformes `--+-- †Thalattosauriformes `--+-- †Wumengosaurus |-- †Ichthyosauromorpha `--o †Sauropterygia |--+-- †Largocephalosaurus | `-- †Sinosaurosphargis `--+-- †Placodus |-- †Pachypleurosauroidea `--o †Eusauropterygia |-- †Nothosauroidea `-- †Pistosauroidea Reference(s):
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After Chen, Motani, Cheng, Jiang & Rieppel, 2014b:<==o Neodiapsida(?) |-- †Tangasaurus |--+-- †Acerosodontosaurus | `-- †Hovasaurus |--+-- †Youngina | `-- †Thadeosaurus `--+-- †Claudiosaurus `--+--+-- †Thalattosauriformes | `--+-- †Wumengosaurus | `--+-- †Ichthyopterygia | `--o †Hupehsauria | |-- †Nanchungosaurus | `-- †Hupehsuchus `--o Sauria |--o Archosauromorpha | |-- †Choristodera | `--+--+-- †Prolacerta | | `--+-- †Tanystropheus | | `-- †Macrocnemus | `--+-- †Trilophosaurus | `--+-- †Rhynchosauria | `-- Archosauriformes `--o Lepidosauromorpha |--o Lepidosauriformes | |-- †Helveticosaurus | `--+--+-- †Pamelina | | `-- †Kuehneosauridae | `--+-- Rhynchocephalia | `-- Squamata `--o †Sauropterygia |--+-- †Largocephalosaurus | `-- †Sinosaurosphargis `--+-- †Placodus `--+-- †Pachypleurosauroidea `--o †Eusauropterygia |-- †Nothosauroidea `-- †Pistosauroidea Reference(s):
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After Reisz, Modesto & Scott, 2011:<==o Neodiapsida |-- †Orovenator `--+-- †Lanthanolania `--+--o †Tangasauridae Haughton, 1924 | |-- †Tangasaurus | `--+-- †Hovasaurus | `-- †Acerosodontosaurus `--+--o †Younginidae | |-- †Thadeosaurus | `-- †Youngina `--+-- †Claudiosaurus `-- Sauria References:
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After Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014:<==o Neodiapsida |-- †Coelurosauravus `--+--o †Younginiformes | |-- †Acerosodontosaurus | `-- †Youngina `--o Sauria |--o Lepidosauromorpha | |-- †Paliguana | |-- Rhychocephalia | `-- Squamata `--o Archosauromorpha |--o †Protorosauria s.s. | |--o †Protorosauridae | | |-- †Aenigmastropheus | | `-- †Protorosaurus | `--o †Tanystropheidae | |-- †Tanystropheus | `-- †Macrocnemus `--+-- †Trilophosaurus `--+--+-- †Noteosuchus | `-- †Rhynchosauria `--+-- †Prolacerta `-- Archosauriformes References:
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After Bickelmann, Müller & Reisz, 2009:<==o Neodiapsida |-- †Youngina |-- †Kenyasaurus |-- †Lanthanolania |-- †Thadeosaurus |-- †Galesphyrus `--+--+-- †Tangasaurus | `--+-- †Hovasaurus | `-- †Acerosodontosaurus `--+-- †Claudiosaurus `--+--+-- †Palaeagama | `-- †Saurosternon `--+-- †Coelurosauravus `--o ?Sauria |--+-- †Thalattosauriformes | `-- †“Ichthyosauromorpha” `--+--o Lepidosauromorpha | |-- †Choristodera | `--+-- †Sauropterygia | `--+-- Testudinata | `--+-- †Kuehneosauridae | `-- Lepidosauriformes `--o Archosauromorpha |== †“Protorosauria” `--+-- †Trilophosauria `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `-- Archosauriformes References:
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After Müller, 2003<==o Neodiapsida |-- †Younginiformes `--+-- †Claudiosaurus `--+-- †Kuehneosauridae `--+-- †Coelurosauravus `--+--+-- †Thalattosauriformes | `-- †“Ichthyosauromorpha” `--o Sauria |--o Lepidosauromorpha | |-- †Choristodera | `--+-- †Sauropterygia | `--+-- Testudinata | `-- Lepidosauriformes `--o Archosauromorpha |-- †Tanystropheus `--+-- †Trilophosauria `--+-- †Prolacerta `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `-- Archosauriformes References:
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Reference(s):
- Bever, G. S., Lyson, T. R., Field, D. J. & Bhullar, B.-A. S., 2015: Evolutionary origin of the turtle skull.
–Nature: in press [doi: 10.1038/nature14900] - Bickelmann, C., Müller, J. & Reisz, R. R., 2009: The enigmatic diapsid Acerosodontosaurus piveteaui (Reptilia: Neodiapsida) from the Upper Permian of Madagascar and the paraphyly of “younginiform” reptiles.
–Canadian Journal of Earth Sciencies: Vol. 46, pp. 651-661 [doi: 10.1139/E09-038] - Bulanov, V. V. & Sennikov, A. G., 2015: New data on the morphology of the Late Permian gliding reptile Coelurosauravus elivensis Piveteau.
–Paleontological Journal: Vol. 49, #4, pp. 413-423 [doi: 10.1134/S0031030115040048] - Bulanov, V. V. & Sennikov, A. G., 2010: New data on the morphology of permian gliding weigeltisaurid reptiles of Eastern Europe.
–Paleontological Journal: Vol. 44, #6, pp. 682-694 [doi: 10.1134/S0031030110060109] - Bulanov, V. V. & Sennikov, A. G., 2006: The first gliding reptiles from the upper Permian of Russia.
–Paleontological Journal: Vol. 40, #5, pp. S567-S570 [doi: 10.1134/S0031030106110037] - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Ezcurra, M. D., Scheyer, T. M. & Butler, R. J., 2014: The Origin and Early Evolution of Sauria: Reassessing the Permian Saurian Fossil Record and the Timing of the Crocodile-Lizard Divergence.
–Plos One: Vol. 9, #2, pp. e89165 [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089165] - Frey, E., Sues, H.-D. & Munk, W., 1997: Gliding mechanism in the Late Permian reptile Coelurosauravus.
–Science: Vol. 275, 7 March, pp. 1450-1452 - Gao, K. & Fox, C., 1998: New choristoderes (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper Cretaceous and Palaeocene, Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, and phylogenetic relationships of Choristodera.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 124, #4, pp. 303-353 - Gow, C. E., 1999: The Triassic reptile Palacrodon browni Broom,
synonymy and a new speciment.
–Paleontologica Africana: Vol. 35, pp. 21-23 - Gower, D. J., 1996: The tarsus of erythrosuchid archosaurs, and implications for early diapsid phylogeny.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 116, pp. 347-375 - Modesto, S. P. & Reisz, R. R., 2003: An enigmatic new diapsid reptile from the Upper Permian of Eastern Europe.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #4, pp. 851-855 [doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0851:AENDRF]2.0.CO;2] - Motani, R., 2000: Is Omphalosaurus ichthyopterygian? - A phylogenetic perspective.
–Journal Of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #2, pp. 295-301 - Müller, J., 2003: Early loss and multiple return of the lower temporal arcade in diapsid reptiles.
–Naturwissenschaften: Vol. 90, #10, pp. 473-476 [doi: 10.1007/s00114-003-0461-0] - Reisz, R. R., Modesto, S. P. & Scott, D. M., 2011: A new Early Permian reptile and its significance in early diapsid evolution.
–Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences: Vol. 278, #1725, pp. 3731-3737 [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.0439]