After Rieppel & deBraga, 1996, deBraga & Rieppel, 1997, Gao & Fox, 1999, Rieppel, 2000 and Zardoya & Meyer, 2001
<==o Sauria Gauthier, 1984 sensu Rieppel & deBraga, 1996 and Gao & Fox, 1999 |?- †Thalattosauriformes sensu Nicholls, 1999 |--o Lepidosauromorpha Gauthier, Estes & deQueiroz, 1988 | |-- †Acerosodonosaurus [Acerosodontosauridae] | |-- Lepidosauriformes Gauthier, Estes & deQueiroz, 1988 (liskomaiset matelijat; lizard-like diapsids) [family-level taxonomy] | `--+?- Testudinata sensu Rieppel & deBraga, 1996, deBraga & Rieppel, 1997 [Chelonia, Testudines] (turtles & tortoises; kilpikonnat) | `-- †Sauropterygia (joutsenliskomaiset matelijat; plesiosaur-like diapsids) [family-level taxonomy] `--o Archosauromorpha von Huene, 1946 [alternative phylogeny of Archosauromorpha after Sues, 2003] |?- Testudinata sensu Zardoya & Meyer 2001 [Chelonia, Testudines] (kilpikonnat) |--+-- Archosauriformes (archosaurs and relatives; arkosaurimaiset matelijat) | `--+-- †Protorosauria [Prolacertiformes] | `?- †Choristodera sensu Gao & Fox, 1999 `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `--+?- †Teraterpeton hrynewichorum Sues, 2003 [†Teraterpetonidae Sues, 2003] `-- †Trilophosauria Gregory, 1945 sensu Romer, 1956
Note:
Some recent phylogenetic analysis based on both morphology and genetics have given a result, in which turtles are derived diapsids, either a sistergroup of Archosauria (Zardoya & Meyer 2001) or Sauropterygia (Rieppel & deBraga, 1996, deBraga & Rieppel, 1997).
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Gao, K. & Fox, C., 1998: New choristoderes (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper Cretaceous and Palaeocene, Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, and phylogenetic relationships of Choristodera.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 124, #4, pp. 303-353 - Janke, A., Erpenbeck, D., Nilsson, M. & Arnason, U., 2001: The mitochondrial genomes of the iguana (Iguana iguana) and the caiman (Caiman crocodylus): implications for amniote phylogeny.
–Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological series: Vol. 268, pp. 623-631 - Nicholls, E. L., 1999: A reexamination of Thalattosaurus and Nectosaurus and the relationships of the Thalattosauria (Reptilia: Diapsida).
–PaleoBios 19(2) [from abstract]: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/museum/pbios/abstracts19_1to3.html - Rieppel, O. 1994: The Lepidosauromorpha: an overview with special emphasis
on the Squamata. 23-37.
in Fraser, N. C. & Sues, H-D. 1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs.
–Cambridge University Press, New York. 1994 - Rieppel, O. C., 2000: Turtles as diapsid reptiles.
–Zoologica Scripta: Vol. 29, #3, pp. 199-212 - Rieppel, O. & deBraga, M., 1996: Turtles as diapsid reptiles.
–Nature: Vol. 384, 5 December, pp. 453-455 - deBraga, M. & Rieppel, O. C., 1997: Reptile phylogeny and interrelationships of turtles.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 120, pp. 281-354 - Sereno, P. C. 1991: Basal Archosaurs: phylogenetic relationships and functional implications.
–Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 2.
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 11, Supplement to #4, pp. ii-53 - Sues, H.-D., 2003: An unusual new archosauromorph reptile from the Upper Triassic wolfville Formation of Nova Scotia.
–Canadian Journal of Earth Sciencies: Vol. 40, pp. 635-649 - Zardoya, R. & Meyer, A., 2001: The evolutionary position of turtles revisited.
–Naturwissenschaften: Vol. 88, #5, pp. 193-200