After Caldwell & Lee, 1997, Zaher, 1998, Scanlon, & Lee, 2000, Tchernov, Rieppel, Zaher, Polcyn & Jacobs, 2000, Zaher & Rieppel, 2002, Rieppel, Kluge & Zaher, 2002, and Kelly, Barker, Villet, & Broadley, 2009, with Recent species from Uetz, Etzold & Chenna, 1995– [“The Reptile Database”]

Alternative phylogeny of Caenophidia after Gravlund, 2001

<==o Macrostomata Ritgen, 1828 (?Müller, 1831)
   |?-o †Helagras Cope, 1883
   |  |-- †H. prisciformis Cope, 1883
   |  `-- †H. orellanensis Holman, 1983
   |-- Loxocemus bicolor Cope, 1861 [incl. Loxocemus sumichrasti Bocourt, 1876] [Loxocemidae Cope, 1861] (Mexican Burrowing Python)
   `--+--o Xenopeltis Boie, 1826 [Xenopeltidae Bonaparte, 1845] (Sunbeam Snakes; välkekäärmeet)
      |  |-- X. hainanensis Hu & Zhao, 1972
      |  `-- X. unicolor Reinwardt, 1827 [incl. Xenopeltis leucocephala Reinwardt, in Boie, 1827] (Sunbeam Snake; välkekäärme)
      `--+?-o †"Pachyrhachidae" sensu Zaher, 1998, Tchernov, Rieppel, Zaher, Polcyn & Jacobs, 2000 and Zaher & Rieppel, 2002
         |  |-- †Podophis descouensi Rage & Escuiillié, 2000
         |  |-- †Pachyrhachis problematicus Haas, 1980? [Ophiomorphus colberti, Estesius colberti]
         |  `-- †Haasiophis terrasanctus Tchernov, Rieppel, Zaher, Polcyn & Jacobs, 2000
         |?- †Madtsoiidae Hoffstetter, 1961  sensu Rieppel, Kluge & Zaher, 2002
         `--+-- Pythonidae Fitzinger, 1826 (true pythons; pytonkäärmeet)
            `--+-- Boidae Gray, 1825 (true boas; boat)
               `==o Tropidophiidae Brongersma, 1951 [polyphyletic]
                  |?-o †Dunnophis McGrew et al. 1959
                  |  |-- †D. michroechinus McGrew et al. 1959
                  |  |-- †D. matronensis Rage 1973
                  |  `-- †D. cadurcensis Rage 1974 
                  |?-o †Platyspondylia Rage, 1974
                  |  |-- †P. lepta Rage, 1974
                  |  |-- †P. sudrei Rage, 1988
                  |  `-- †P. germanica Szyndlar & Rage, 2003
                  |--o Ungaliophis Müller, 1880 [Ungaliophiinae (Cope, 1894) McDowell, 1987]
                  |  |-- U. continentalis Müller, 1880 (Isthmian Dwarf Boa)
                  |  `-- U. panamensis Schmidt, 1933 [incl. Ungaliophis danieli Prado, 1940] (Panamanian Dwarf Boa)
                  `--+-- Exiliboa placata Bogert, 1968 (Oaxacan Dwarf Boa) [Ungaliophiinae (Cope, 1894) McDowell, 1987]
                     `--+--o Bolyeriidae Hoffstetter, 1946 [Bolyerioidea McDowell, 1987] (Mauritius Ground Boas)
                        |  |-- †Bolyeria multocarinata (Boie, 1827) Gray, 1849 (Mauritius Burrowing Boa)
                        |  `-- Casarea dussumieri (Schlegel, 1837) Gray, 1842 (Mauritius Ground Boa)
                        `--+-- †Kataria anisodonta Scanferla, Zaher, Novas, de Muizon & Céspedes, 2013
                           `--+-- Tropidophiidae Brongersma, 1951: Tropidophiinae Brongersma, 1951
                              `--o Caenophidia (poisonous snakes; myrkkykäärmeet)
                                 |?- †Thaumastophis missiaeni Rage, Folie, Rana, Singh, Rose & Smith, 2008; E.Eoc. Ind.
                                 |?- †Caenophidia genera et species indet. A; E.Eoc.. Ind. (Rage et al., 2008)
                                 |?- †Caenophidia genera et species indet. B; E.Eoc.. Ind. (Rage et al., 2008)
                                 |--o Acrochordoidea (käsnäkäärmeidensukuiset käärmeet)
                                 |  |?-o †Nigerophidae Rage, 1975?
                                 |  |  |?- †Nigerophidae genera et species indet. [L.Cret. Ind.] [Rage, Prasad & Bajpai, 2004]
                                 |  |  |?- †Indophis sahnii Rage & Prasad, 1992; L.Cret. Ind.
                                 |  |  |-- †Woutersophis novus Rage, 1980; Eoc. WEu.
                                 |  |  `--+-- †Nigerophis mirus Rage, 1975; Pal. WAf.
                                 |  |     `-- †Nubianophis afaahus Rage & Werner, 1999; L.Cret. NEAf.
                                 |  `--o Acrochordidae Bonaparte, 1831 (Wart snakes, File Snakes; käsnäkäärmeet, viilakäärmeet)
                                 |     `--o Acrochordus Hornstedt, 1787 (Wart snakes, käsnäkäärmeet)
                                 |        |-- A. javanicus Hornstedt, 1787 (Javan file snake; jaavankäsnäkäärme)
                                 |        |-- A. granulatus (Schneider, 1799) (Little filesnake; kölikäärme)
                                 |        `-- A. arafurae McDowell, 1979 (Arafura filesnake)
                                 `--o Columbroidea [Caenophidia sensu stricto] (myrkkykäärmeet)
                                    |?- †Anomalophis bolcensis (Massalongo, 1859) Auffenberg, 1959 [Archaeophis bolcensis Massalongo, 1859] [Anomalophidae Auffenberg, 1959]
                                    |?- †Procerophis sahnii Rage, Folie, Rana, Singh, Rose & Smith, 2008; E.Eoc. Ind.
                                    |?-o †Russellophidae Rage, 1978
                                    |  |?- †Russellophidae indet.; Eoc. Eu.
                                    |  |?- †Russellophidae genera et species indet.; Pal. SA.
                                    |  |?- †Russellophidae genera et species indet.; E.Eoc.. Ind. (Rage et al., 2008)
                                    |  |-- †Krebsophis thobanus Rage & Werner, 1999; L.Cret. NEAf.
                                    |  `--o †Russellophis Rage, 1975;  E.Eoc. Ind. Eu.
                                    |     |-- †R. sp.
                                    |     |-- †R. tenuis Rage, 1975
                                    |     `-- †R. crassus Rage, Folie, Rana, Singh, Rose & Smith, 2008; E.Eoc. Ind.
                                    `--+--o Pareatidae
                                       |  |-- Aplopeltura boa (Boie, 1828)
                                       |  |--o Asthenodipsas
                                       |  |  |-- A. laevis (Boie, 1827)
                                       |  |  |-- A. malaccanus Peters, 1864
                                       |  |  `-- A. vertebralis (Boulenger, 1900)
                                       |  `--o Pareas
                                       |     |-- P. boulengeri (Angel, 1920)
                                       |     |-- P. carinatus (Boie, 1828)
                                       |     |-- P. chinensis (Barbour, 1912)
                                       |     |-- P. formosensis (van Denburgh, 1909)
                                       |     |-- P. hamptoni (Boulenger, 1905)
                                       |     |-- P. iwasakii (Maki, 1937)
                                       |     |-- P. margaritophorus (Jan, 1866)
                                       |     |-- P. monticola (Cantor, 1839)
                                       |     |-- P. nigriceps Guo & Deng, 2009
                                       |     |-- P. nuchalis Boulenger, 1900
                                       |     `-- P. stanleyi (Boulenger, 1914)
                                       |--o Opisthoglypha (kääntyvähampaiset myrkkykäärmeet: poisonous snakes with turnable fangs)
                                       |  `-- Viperidea Oppel, 1811 (kyykäärmeet; vipers & rattlesnakes)
                                       `--o Proteroglypha (kiinteähampaiset myrkkykäärmeet; poisonous snakes with fixed fangs)
                                          |==o Colubridae (tarhakäärmeet) [paraphyletic]
                                          |  |-- Xenodontinae
                                          |  `--+-- Colubrinae
                                          |     `--+--o Grayia [Grayiinae]
                                          |        |  |-- G. caesar (Günther, 1863)
                                          |        |  |-- G. ornata (Bocage, 1866)
                                          |        |  |-- G. smithii (Leach, 1818)
                                          |        |  `-- G. tholloni Mocquard, 1897
                                          |        `-- Natricinae
                                          `--+-- Homalopsidae
                                             `--o Elapoidea Boie, 1827 sensu Kelly et al, 2009 [Elapidae Boie, 1827 sensu lato] (myrkkytarhakäärmeet)
                                                |--+--+-- Atractaspididae Günther, 1858 [incl. Aparallactinae Bourgeois, 1968, Viperidae: Atractaspidinae Günther, 1858] (maakyyt; Stiletto Snakes, Mole Vipers)
                                                |  |  `--+--o Buhoma [Colubridae: “Boodontinae” in partim]
                                                |  |     |  |-- B. depressiceps (Werner, 1897)
                                                |  |     |  |-- B. procterae (Loveridge, 1922)
                                                |  |     |  `-- B. vauerocegae (Tornier, 1902)
                                                |  |     `--o Psammodynastes [Colubridae: ?Colubrinae]
                                                |  |        |-- P. pictus Günther, 1858
                                                |  |        `-- P. pulverulentus (Boie, 1827)
                                                |  `--+--o Micrelaps
                                                |     |  |-- M. bicoloratus Sternfeld, 1908
                                                |     |  |-- M. boettgeri Boulenger, 1896
                                                |     |  |-- M. muelleri Boettger, 1880
                                                |     |  |-- M. tchernovi Werner, Babocsay, Carmely & Thuna, 2006
                                                |     |  `-- M. vaillanti (Mocquard, 1888)
                                                |     `--+--o Pseudaspididae Dowling & Duellman, 1978 sensu Kelly et al., 2009 [Colubridae: “Boodontinae” in partim] (Afrikan mole and keeled snakes)
                                                |        |  |-- Pseudaspis cana (Linnaeus, 1758) Fitzinger, 1843
                                                |        |  `-- Pythonodipsas carinata Günther, 1868
                                                |        `-- Lamprophiidae Fitzinger, 1843 sensu Kelly et al., 2009 [Colubridae: “Boodontinae” in partim] (African nocturnal snakes)
                                                `--+--+--o Oxyrhabdium
                                                   |  |  |-- O. leporinum (Günther, 1858)
                                                   |  |  `-- O. modestum (Duméril, 1853)
                                                   |  `-- Elapidae Boie, 1827 [incl. Hydrophiidae] (myrkkytarhakäärmeet)
                                                   `--+-- Psammophiidae Bourgeois, 1969 sensu Kelly et al., 2009 [Colubridae: “Boodontinae” in partim] (African sand snakes and relatives)
                                                      `--+-- Prosymna Gray, 1849 [Prosymnidae Kelly et al., 2009] (African shovel-snout snakes)
                                                         `-- Pseudoxyrhophiidae Dowling, 1975 sensu Kelly et al., 2009 [Elapidae: Pseudoxyrhophiinae]

After Scanferla, Zaher, Novas, de Muizon & Céspedes, 2013

<==o Macrostomata
   |-- Xenopeltis
   `--+-- Loxocemus
      `--+--o “Boo'oidea”
         |  |-- Ungaliophiidae
         |  `--o Boidae
         |     |-- Erycinae
         |     `--+-- Pythoninae
         |        `-- Boinae
         `--+-- Bolyeriidae
            `--+-- †Kataria
               `--+-- Tropidophiidae
                  `--+-- Acrochordidae
                     `-- Caenophidia

After Gravlund, 2001

<==o Caenophidia
   |--o Psammophiidae
   |  |--+-- Malpolon
   |  |  `-- Rhamphiophis
   |  `--+-- Psammophis
   |     `--+-- Psammophylax
   |        `-- Hemirhagerrhis
   `--+--+-- Mehelya
      |  |-- Lycodonomorphus
      |  |-- Xenodon
      |  |-- Micrurus
      |  |-- Micruroides
      |  |-- Naja
      |  |-- Ophiophagus
      |  |-- Bungarus
      |  `--o Atractaspididae
      |     |-- Atractaspis
      |     `-- Lamprophis
      `--+--+-- Enhydris
         |  `-- Viperidea
         `--+-- Natricinae
            `--+--+-- Dipsas
               |  `-- Farancia
               `--+--+-- Gonyosoma
                  |  `-- Elaphe [Elaphinae??]
                  `--+-- Lycodon [Lycodontinae]
                     `--+--+-- Thelotornis
                        |  `-- Boica
                        `--+--+-- Crotaphopeltis tornieri
                           |  `--+-- Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia
                           |     `-- Telescopus
                           `--o ?Dasypeltinae
                              |-- Dasypeltis
                              `-- Dipsadoboa

Reference(s):