After Uetz, Etzold & Chenna, 1995-2000 [“The TIGR Reptile Database ” (former EMBL Reptile Database)]
<==o Xenodontinae Cope, 1893 [==> Lycodontinae?] |?- †Paleoheterodon tiheni Holman, 1964 |--o Heterodon Latreille, 1802 [also included in Lycodontinae] | |-- †H. plionasicus Peters | |-- H. platyrhinos Latreille, 1802 | |-- H. contortrix | |-- H. nasicus | `-- H. simus `-- Xenodon serverus
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Holman, J. A., 1987: Herpetofauna of the Egelhoff site (Miocene: Barstovian) of North-Central Nebraska.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 7, #2, pp. 109-120 - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Parmley, D., 1988: Early Hemphillian (Late Miocene) snakes from the Higgins local fauna of Lipscomb County, Texas.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 8, #3, pp. 322-327 - Uetz, P., Etzold, T. & Chenna, R., 1995-2000: Family Colubridae (Colubrids).
–iNet: The TIGR Reptile Database [former EMBL Reptile Database]: http://www.embl-heidelberg.de/~uetz/families/Colubridae.html