After Buckup, 1998 [from Gayet, Jégu, Bocquentin & Negri, 2003, fig. 1e], with recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]
<==o Characiformes sensu Fink & Fink, 1996 (tetrafishes; tetrakalat) |?- †Lusitanichthys ?U.Cret. Eu. [Clupavidae] |?- †Salminops U.Cret. Eu. |?- †Arabocharax baidensis Micklich & Roscher, 1990; Olig. SWAs. |?- †Bunocharax |?- †Eurocharax tourainei Gaudant, 1980; Olig. SWEu. |--o Citharinoidei Buckup, 1998 | |?- †Eocitharinus macrognathus Murray, 2003 | `--o Citharinidae sensu Nelson, 1994 | |-- Distichodontidae | `-- Citharinidae (linjatetrat) `--o Characoidei Buckup, 1998 |-- Parodontidae Eigenmann, 1910 [taxonomic history] (levätetrat, nenätetrat) [FB: 3/22] |--+--o Anostomidae sensu Nelson, 1994 (seisojatetrat, seisojakalat) | | |-- Anostominae (varsinaiset seisojatetrat, varsinaiset seisojakalat) [N: 10/105] [FB: 12/126] | | `-- Chilodontinae [taxonomic history] (huuliseisojakalat) [N: 2/5] [FB: 2/7] | `--o Curimatidae sensu Nelson, 1994 (lahnatetrat) | |-- Curimatinae (varsinaiset lahnatetrat) [N: 8/95] [FB: 8/97] | `-- Prochilodontinae [taxonomic history] (imuhuulilahnatetrat) [N: 3/30] [FB: 3/21] `--+?- †Tiupampichthys intermedius Gayet & Jégu, in Gayet, Jégu, Bocquentin & Negri, 2003; U. Cret. L. Pal. ESA. |-- Crenuchidae sensu Froese & Pauly, 2001 [taxonomic history] (Sailfin tetras; purjetetrat) [FB: 11/73] `--+-- Hemiodontidae [taxonomic history] (keilatetrat, ylähammastetrat) [FB: 5/28] `--+-- Alestidae [taxonomic history] (afrikantetrat; African tetras) `--+--o ?Cynodontoidea | |?- Cynodontidae (dogteeth tetras; susitetrat) [FB: 5/14] [actually not regocnizable in Gayet, Jégu, Bocquentin & Negri, 2003 (fig. 1e)] | `--o Characidae sensu Buckup, 1998? (tetras; tetrat) [paraphyletic assemblage] | |?- Gasteropelecidae (hatchetfishes; tapparatetrat/-kalat) | `==o Tetragonopterinae [paraphyletic] | |-- Brycon Olig. Pleist. R. SA. [47] | `--+-- Bryconops [11] | `--+-- Oligosarcus [16] | `--+-- Tetragonopterus Mioc. R. SA. [2] | `--+-- Phenacogaster [10] | `--o Characinae | |-- Charax [16] | `-- Cynopotamus [11] `--o ?Erythrinoidea |-- Acestrorhynchus [Acestrorhynchidae; Characidae: Characinae sensu Nelson, 1994] [15] `--+-- Erythrinidae Richardson, 1856 (rosvotetrat; Trahiras) [N: 3/10] [FB: 3/13] `--+-- Lebiasinidae (sukkulatetrat) [FB: 6/57] `--+-- Hepsetus odoe (Bloch, 1794) [Hepsetidae] (tiikeritetra; Kafue pike) `--o Ctenoluciidae (haukitetrat) [2/7] |--o Boulengerella [5] | |-- B. cuvieri (Agassiz, 1829) | |-- B. lateristriga (Boulenger, 1895) (Striped pike-characin) | |-- B. lucius (Cuvier, 1816) (Golden pike-characin) | |-- B. maculata (Valenciennes, 1850) (Spotted pike-characin) | `-- B. xyrekes Vari, 1995 `--o Ctenolucius [2] |-- C. beani (Fowler, 1907) `-- C. hujeta (Valenciennes, 1850) (haukitetra; Gar characin)
Note:
This tree is totally based on second hand information of the phylogenetic analysis done by Buckup (1998) from Gayet, Jégu, Bocquentin & Negri, 2003 (fig. 1e). It can thus include more than usual of errors and omissions.
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Difley, R. L. & Feibel, C. S., 2001: Morphology and ecology of Sindacharax (Characidae: Pisces), Koobi Fora Formation (Plio-Pleistocene), Turkana Basin, Kenya.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, Supplement to #3, pp. 45A - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - Gayet, M., Jégu, M., Bocquentin, J. & Negri, F. R., 2003: New characoids from the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene of Bolivia and the Mio-Pliocene of Brazil: phylogenetic position and paleogeographic implications.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 23, #1, pp. 28-46 - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968, - Murray, A. M., 2003: A new Eocene citharinoid fish (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) from Tanzania.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 23, #3, pp. 501-507 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world. –John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994. XX-600.