After Nelson, 1994, Stewart, 1997, and Froese & Pauly, 2001 ["The FishBase"]

<==o Characinae [paraphyletic assemblage]
   |--o Acestrorhynchus [Acestrorhynchidae]
   |  |-- A. abbreviatus (Cope, 1878)
   |  |-- A. altus Menezes, 1969
   |  |-- A. apurensis Toledo-Piza & Menezes, 1996
   |  |-- A. britskii Menezes, 1969
   |  |-- A. falcatus (Bloch, 1794)
   |  |-- A. falcirostris (Cuvier, 1819)
   |  |-- A. grandoculis Menezes & Géry, 1983
   |  |-- A. heterolepis (Cope, 1878)
   |  |-- A. isalineae Menezes & Géry, 1983
   |  |-- A. lacustris (Lütken, 1875)
   |  |-- A. maculipinna Menezes & Géry, 1983
   |  |-- A. microlepis (Schomburgk, 1841) (Pike characin)
   |  |-- A. minimus Menezes, 1969
   |  |-- A. nasutus Eigenmann, 1912
   |  `-- A. pantaneiro Menezes, 1992
   |--o Charax
   |  |-- C. apurensis Lucena, 1987
   |  |-- C. caudimaculatus Lucena, 1987
   |  |-- C. condei (Géry & Knöppel, 1976)
   |  |-- C. gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Glass headstander)
   |  |-- C. hemigrammus (Eigenmann, 1912)
   |  |-- C. leticiae Lucena, 1987
   |  |-- C. macrolepis (Kner, 1858)
   |  |-- C. metae Eigenmann, 1922
   |  |-- C. michaeli Lucena, 1989
   |  |-- C. niger Lucena, 1989
   |  |-- C. notulatus Lucena, 1987
   |  |-- C. pauciradiatus (Günther, 1864)
   |  |-- C. rupununi Eigenmann, 1912
   |  |-- C. stenopterus (Cope, 1894)
   |  |-- C. tectifer (Cope, 1870)
   |  `-- C. unimaculatus Lucena, 1989
   |--o Cynopotamus
   |  |-- C. amazonus (Günther, 1868)
   |  |-- C. argenteus (Valenciennes, 1836)
   |  |-- C. atratoensis (Eigenmann, 1907)
   |  |-- C. bipunctatus Pellegrin, 1909
   |  |-- C. essequibensis Eigenmann, 1912
   |  |-- C. gouldingi Menezes, 1987
   |  |-- C. juruenae Menezes, 1987
   |  |-- C. kincaidi (Schultz, 1950)
   |  |-- C. magdalenae (Steindachner, 1879)
   |  |-- C. tocantinensis Menezes, 1987
   |  `-- C. venezuelae (Schultz, 1944)
   |--o Priocharax
   |  |-- P. ariel Weitzman & Vari, 1987
   |  `-- P. pygmaeus Weitzman & Vari, 1987
   `--o Roeboides
      |-- R. affinis (Günther, 1868)
      |-- R. biserialis (Garman, 1890)
      |-- R. bonariensis (Steindachner, 1879)
      |-- R. bouchellei Fowler, 1923
      |-- R. carti Lucena, 2000
      |-- R. dayi (Steindachner, 1878)
      |-- R. descalvadensis Fowler, 1932
      |-- R. dientonito Schultz, 1944
      |-- R. guatemalensis (Günther, 1864) (Guatemalan headstander)
      |-- R. ilseae Bussing, 1986
      |-- R. microlepis (Reinhardt, 1851)
      |-- R. myersii Gill, 1870
      |-- R. numerosus Lucena, 2000
      |-- R. occidentalis Meek & Hildebrand, 1916
      |-- R. oligistos Lucena, 2000
      |-- R. paranensis Pignalberi, 1975
      |-- R. prognathus (Boulenger, 1895)
      |-- R. thurni Eigenmann, 1912
      `-- R. xenodon (Reinhardt, 1851)

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