After Clark, Sues & Berman, 2000 and Sues, Olsen, Carter & Scott, 2003
Family-level taxonomy of all crocodylomorphs [Crocodylia sensu lato].
Alternative phylogeny of basal crocodylomorphs after Lecuona, Ezcurra & Irmis, 2016.
Alternative phylogeny of basal crocodylomorphs after Zanno, Drymala, Nesbitt & Schneider, 2015.
Alternative phylogeny of basal crocodylomorphs after Clark, Xu, Forster & Wang, 2004, with paraphyletic “Sphenosuchia”.
Alternative phylogeny of basal crocodylomorphs after Sues, Olsen, Carter & Scott, 2003, with monophyletic Sphenosuchia.
Alternative phylogeny of basal crocodylomorphs after Clark, Sues & Berman, 2000, with monophyletic Sphenosuchia.
Alternative phylogeny of basal crocodylomorphs after Parrish, 1993, with paraphyletic “Sphenosuchia”.
Alternative phylogeny of monophyletic Sphenosuchia after Wu & Chatterjee, 1993.
<==o Crocodylomorpha Hay, 1930 sensu Walker, 1970 [Crocodylia sensu lato] (crocodile-like archosaurs; krokotiilimaiset arkosaurit) |?- †Barbarenasuchus brasiliensis Mattar, 1987 |?- †Clarencea gracilis Brick, 1959 |?- †Hallopus victor (Marsh, 1877) |?- †Macelognathus valens Marsh, 1884 |?- †Parrishia mccreai Long & Murry, 1995 [nomen dubium?] `--+--o Sphenosuchia Haughton, 1924 sensu Clark, Sues & Berman, 2000 (sphenosuchians, whippet-crocodiles; sfenosukkit, juoksijakrokotiilit) | |?- †Carnufex carolinensis Zanno, Drymala, Nesbitt & Schneider, 2015; L.Trias. ENAm. | |?- †Litargosuchus leptorynchus Clark & Sues, 2002 | |?- †Redondavenator quayensis Nesbitt, Irmis, Lucas & Hunt, 2005 | |--o †“Terrestrisuchidae” [sensu Sereno & Wild, 1992] | | |?- †Pedeticosaurus leviseuri Van Hoepen, 1915 [nomen dubium?] | | |-- †Litargosuchus leptorynchus Clark & Sues, 2002 [Pedeticosaurus sp.] | | `-- †Terrestrisuchus gracilis Crush, 1984 | `--+-- †Pseudhesperosuchus jachaleri Bonaparte, 1969 | |?- †Trialestes romeri (Reig, 1963) Bonaparte, 1982 [Triassolestes romeri Reig, 1963 (non Triassolestes Tillyard, 1918, a dragonfly)] [Trialestia: Trialestidae Bonaparte, 1982] | `--o ?†Sphenosuchidae Haughton, 1924 sensu Clark, Sues & Berman, 2000 | |-- †Saltoposuchus connectens Huene, 1921 [S. longipes] | |--+-- †Hesperosuchus agilis Colbert, 1952 | | |-- †Dromicosuchus grallator Sues, Olsen, Carter & Scott, 2003 [Dromaeosuchus Sues, Olsen, Carter & Scott, 2003 (lapsus calami)] | | `-- †Kayentasuchus walkeri Clark & Sues, 2002 | `--+-- †Sphenosuchus acutus Haughton, 1915 [Sphenosuchidae] | |-- †Dibothrosuchus elaphros Simmons, 1965 [incl. D. xingsuenensis Wu, 1986] | `?- †Junggarsuchus sloani Clark, Xu, Forster & Wang, 2004 `-- Crocodyliformes Hay, 1930
Note:
Sphenosuchia is a problematic taxon. It's monophyly is doubtful and it has been thrown from a monophyletic to paraphyletic several times.
After Lecuona, Ezcurra & Irmis, 2016<==o Crocodylomorpha |--+-- †Carnufex | `-- †Pseudhesperosuchus `--+-- †Hesperosuchus agilis (referred) |--+-- †Dromicosuchus | `--†Hesperosuchus agilis (holotype) `--+-- †Sphenosuchus `--+-- †Trialestes `--+-- †Terrestrisuchus `--+-- †Dibothrosuchus `--+-- †Litargosuchus `--+-- †Kayentasuchus `-- Crocodyliformes Reference(s):
|
After Zanno, Drymala, Nesbitt & Schneider, 2015<==o Crocodylomorpha |-- CM 73372 |-- †Carnufex `--+-- †Dromicosuchus |-- †Hesperosuchus |-- CM 29894 `--+--+-- †Sphenosuchus | `-- †Redondavenator `--+-- †Dibothrosuchus |-- †Terrestrisuchus `--+-- †Litargosuchus `--+-- †Kayentasuchus `-- Crocodyliformes |
After Clark, Xu, Forster & Wang, 2004<==o Crocodylomorpha |-- †Litargosuchus |-- †Terrestrisuchus |-- †Pseudhesperosuchus |-- †Saltoposuchus |-- †Hesperosuchus |-- †Dromicosuchus |-- †Kayentasuchus `--+-- †Sphenosuchus `--+-- †Dibothrosuchus `--+-- †Junggarsuchus `-- Crocodyliformes |
After Sues, Olsen, Carter & Scott, 2003<==o Crocodylomorpha |--o Crocodyliformes | |-- †Protosuchus | `-- Alligator `--o †Sphenosuchia |-- BP/1/5237 `--+-- †Terrestrisuchus `--+-- †Pseudhesperosuchus `--+-- †Saltoposuchus |--+-- †Dibothrosuchus | `-- †Sphenosuchus `--+-- †Kayentasuchus |-- †Hesperosuchus `-- †Dromicosuchus [Dromaeosuchus sic] |
After Clark, Sues & Berman, 2000<==o Crocodylomorpha |--o Crocodyliformes | |-- BP/1/5237 | `--+-- †Protosuchus | `-- Alligator `--o †Sphenosuchia |-- †Terrestrisuchus `--+-- †Pseudhesperosuchus `--o †Sphenosuchidae |-- †Hesperosuchus |-- †Saltoposuchus `--+-- †Dibothrosuchus `-- †Sphenosuchus |
After Parrish, 1993<==o Crocodylomorpha |?- †Barbarenasuchus |?- †Clarencea |?- †Dyoplax |?- †Hallopus |?-o †Trialestia | `--o †Trialestidae | `-- †Trialestes `==o Sphenosuchia |-- †Pseudhesperosuchus `--+-- †Hesperosuchus |--o Sphenosuchidae | |-- †Saltoposuchus | `--+-- †Sphenosuchus | |?- †Terrestrisuchus | `?- †Pedeticosaurus `--+-- †Dibothrosuchus `-- Crocodyliformes |
After Wu & Chatterjee, 1993<==+?- †Kayentasuchus |?- †Redondavenator |?-+-- †Pedeticosaurus | |?- †Litargosuchus | `-- †Terrestrisuchus `--o Sphenosuchia |-- †Saltoposuchus `--o †Sphenosuchidae |-- †Pseudhesperosuchus `--+-- †Hesperosuchus `--+-- †Sphenosuchus |-- †Dibothrosuchus `?- †Junggarsuchus |
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Clark, J. M. 1994: Patterns of evolution in Mesozoic Crocodyliformes.84-97.
in Fraser, N. C. & Sues, H-D. 1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs.
–Cambridge University Press, New York, 1994, x-435 - Clark, J. M. & Sues, H.-D., 2002: Two new basal crocodylomorph archosaurs from the Lower Jurassic and the monophyly of Sphenosuchia.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 136, #1, pp. 77-95 - Clark, J. M., Sues, H.-D. & Berman, D. S., 2000: A new specimen of Hesperosuchus agilis from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico and the interrelationships of basal crocodylomorph archosaurs.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 20, #4, pp. 683-704 - Clark, J. M., Xu, X., Forster, C. A. & Wang, Y., 2004: A Middle Jurassic ‘sphenosuchian’ from China and the origin of the crocodylian skull.
–Nature: Vol. 430, pp. 1021-1024 - Göhlich, U. B., Chiappe, L. M., Clark, J. A. & Sues, H.-D., 2005: The systematic position of the Late Jurassic alleged dinosaur Macelognathus (Crocodylomorpha: Sphenosuchia).
–Canadian Journal of Earth Sciencies: Vol. 42, pp. 307-321 - Lecuona, A., Ezcurra, M. D. & Irmis, R. B., 2016: Revision of the early crocodylomorph Trialestes romeri (Archosauria, Suchia) from the lower Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina: one of the oldest-known crocodylomorphs.
–Papers in Palaeontology: Vol. 2, #4, pp. 585-622 [doi: 10.1002/spp2.1056] - Parrish, J. M. 1993: Phylogeny of the Crocodylotarsi, with reference to archosaurian and crurotarsan monophyly.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 13, #3, pp. 287-308 - Parrish, J. M. 1991: A new specimen of an early crocodylomorph (cf. Sphenosuchus sp.) from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 11, #2, pp. 198-212 - Sereno, P. C. 1991: Basal Archosaurs: phylogenetic relationships and functional implications.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 11, Supplement to #4, Memoir 2. pp. ii-53 - Sereno, P. C. & Wild, R., 1992: Procompsognathus: theropod, "thecodont" or both?
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 12, #4, pp. 435-458 - Sues, H.-D., Clark, J. M. & Jenkins Jr, F. A., 1994: A review of the Early Jurassic tetrapods from the Glen Canyon Group of the American Southwest. pp. 284-294
in Fraser, N. C. & Sues, H.-D. (eds.), 1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs - Early Mesozoic Tetrapods.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, x-435 - Sues, H.-D., Olsen, P. E., Carter, J. G. & Scott, D. M., 2003: A new crocodylomorph archosaur from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 23, #2, pp. 329-343 - Wu, X.-C. & Chatterjee, S., 1993: Dibothrosuchus elaphros, a crocodylomorph from the Lower Jurassic of China and the phylogeny of the Sphenosuchia.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 13, #1, pp. 58-89 - Zanno, L. E., Drymala, S., Nesbitt, S. J. & Schneider, V. P., 2015: Early crocodylomorph increases top tier predator diversity during rise of dinosaurs.
–Scientific Reports: Vol. 5, pp. 9276 [doi: 10.1038/srep09276]