After Li, Grande & Wilson, 1997, Zhang, 1998 and Hilton, 2003, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]
Family -level taxonomy of osteoglossiforms.
<==o Osteoglossiformes Regan, 1909 (Bony-tongue fishes; arapaimakalat) |-- †Tanolepis ningjiagouensis (Jin, 1991) Jin, 1994 [Tanichthys Jin, 1991, preoccupied] `--+-- Osteoglossoidei Regan, 1909 [Osteoglossidae sensu Li, Grande & Wilson, 1997] (arapaimamaiset) `--o Notopteroidei (teräkalamaiset) |--o †Ostariostomidae Schaeffer, 1949 | |?- †Thaumaturus intermedius M. Eoc. L. Mioc. Eu. [Thaumaturidae] [also treated as a salmoniform?] | `-- †Ostariostoma wilseyi Schaeffer, 1949; U. Cret. L. Pal. WNA. `--+--o Mormyroidea (norsukalat; elephantfishes) | |-- Gymnarchus niloticus Cuvier, 1829 [Gymnarchidae] (nauhanorsukala; Aba) | `-- Mormyridae (varsinaiset norsukalat) [N: 18/198] [FB: 18/184] `--o Notopteroidea (teräkalansukuiset) `--o Notopteridae (teräkalat; Featherbacks or knifefishes) |-- †Palaeonotopterus greenwoodi Forey, 1997 [incl.? Plethodus libycus Weiler, 1935 (nomen dubium, type lost)] |-- Xenomystus nigri (Günther, 1868) (African knifefish) `--+--o Chitala | |-- C. blanci (d'Aubenton, 1965) (Indochina featherback) | |-- C. chitala (Hamilton, 1822) (Clown knifefish) | |-- C. lopis (Bleeker, 1851) (Giant featherback) | `-- C. ornata (Gray, 1831) (Clown featherback) |--o Notopterus L. Olig.-R. EInd. R. SAs. ()? [1 Recent species] | `-- N. notopterus (Pallas, 1769) (Bronze featherback) `--o Papyrocranus |-- P. afer (Günther, 1868) (Reticulate knifefish) `-- P. congoensis (Nichols & La Monte, 1932)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Cavin, L. & Forey, P. L., 2001: Osteology and systematic affinities of Palaeonotopterus greenwoodi Forey, 1997 (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha).
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 133, #1, pp. 25-52 - Grande, L. & Cavender, T. M., 1991: Description and phylogenetic reassessment of the monotypic †Ostariostomidae (Teleostei).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 11, #4, pp. 405-416 - Li, G-Q., Grande, L. & Wilson, M. V. H., 1997: The species of †Phareodus (Teleostei: Osteoglossidae) from the Eocene of North America and their phylogenetic relationships.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 17, #3, pp. 487-505 - Li, G.-Q. & Wilson, M. V. H., 1996: The discovery of Heterotidinae (Teleostei: Osteoglossidae) from the Paleocene PaskaPoo Formation of Alberta, Canada.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 16, #2, pp. 198-209 - Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600