<==o OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES (arapaimakalat) |--o OSTEOGLOSSOIDEI [Osteoglossidae sensu Li, Grande & Wilson, 1997] (arapaimamaiset) | |-- Heterotididae [-inae] (arapaimat) | `--+-- Pantopontidae (perhoskala) | `--+?- †Singidididae | `-- Osteoglossidae [-inae] (arawanat) `--o NOTOPTEROIDEI (teräkalamaiset) |-- †Ostariostomidae `--+--o NOTOPTEROIDEA (teräkalansukuiset) | `-- Notopteridae (teräkalat) `--o MORMYROIDEA (norsukalansukuiset) |-- Gymnarchidae (nauhanorsukalat) `-- Mormyridae (varsinaiset norsukalat) [18/198]Reference(s):
Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
Li, G-Q., Grande, L. & Wilson, M. V. H., 1997: The species of †Phareodus (Teleostei: Osteoglossidae) from the Eocene of North America and their phylogenetic relationships. –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 17, #3, pp. 487-505
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088.Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600