Family-level taxonomy of Acanthodii

<==o †Acanthodii Owen, 1846 (acanthodians; piikkieväkalat)
   |-- †Lupopsyrus pygmaeus Bernacsek & Dineley, 1977, E.Dev. WNNAm.
   `--+-- †Ischnacanthiformes Berg, 1940
      `--+--o †Climatiiformes Berg, 1940 [incl. Diplacanthiformes Berg, 1940]
         |  |-- †Euthacanthus macnicolli Powrie, 1864 [E. macnicoli] L. Dev. Eu. [Euthacanthidae, Ethacanthidae (lapsus calami?)]
         |  |?-o Vesperaliidae Valiukevičius & Burrow, 2005
         |  |  |-- †Acanthacanthus ornatus Valiukevičius, 2003
         |  |  `-- †Vesperalia perplexa Valiukevičius, 2004 L.Sil. EEu.
         |  `--+-- Diplacanthida Berg, 1940 [Diplacanthiformes Berg, 1940]
         |     `--o Climatiida Berg, 1940
         |        |-- †Gyracanthidae Woodward, 1906
         |        `-- †Climatiidae Berg, 1940
         `-- †Acanthodiformes [Acanthodidae sensu Carroll, 1988]

Acanthodii incertae sedis:

    †Antarchtonchus M./L.Dev. Ant.
    †Archaeacanthus M.Dev. EEu.
    †Arenaceacanthus
        †A. arcuatacanalis
    †Byssacanthoides M./L.Dev. Ant. 
    †Campylodus L.Sil. EEu. E.-M.Dev. Eu.
    †Canadalepis Vieth, 1980
        †C. linguiformis Vieth, 1980
        †C. basdenae Burrow, 2002
    †Cassidiceps E.Dev. NNA.
        †C. vermiculatus
    †Devononchus L.Dev. EEu.
        †D. concinnatus (Gross)
    †Endemolepis inconstans Valiukevicius, 1998
    †Eupleurogmus Miss. Aus.
    †Gemuendolepis E.Dev. Eu.
    †Hanilepis wangi Wang & Dong, 1989
    †Haplacanthus M.-L.Dev. EEu. ?M.Dev. ?Gr.
        †H. ehrmanensis Gross
    †Holmesella Penn. NA.
    †Homacanthus M.-L.Dev. EEu. L.Dev.-Penn.Eu. E.Dev. NA.
    †Laliacanthus Karatajute-Talimaa, in Valiukevicius and Karatajute-Talimaa 1986)
        †L. singularis Karatajute-Talimaa, in Valiukevicius and Karatajute-Talimaa 1986)
        ?†L. ligeriensis Vidal et al., 1994
    ?†Lijiangichthys lembodes Wang, 2003
    †Minioracanthus laevis Valiukevicius, 1985
    †Monopleurodus L.Sil. EEu.
    †Nodonchus L.Dev. Eu.
    †Nobilesquama Valiukevicius & Burrow, 2005 [Nostolepis Pander, 1856 in partim]
        †N. longipostera (Valiukevicius, 2003) [Nostolepis longipostera Valiukevicius, 2003]
        †N. minilonga (Valiukevicius, 2003) [Nostolepis minilonga Valiukevicius, 2003]
        †N. watsoni (Valiukevičius, 2003) [Nostolepis watsoni Valiukevicius, 2003]
    †Nostovicina Valiukevicius & Burrow, 2005 [Nostolepis Pander, 1856 in partim]
        †N. applicata (Vieth, 1980) [Nostolepis applicata Vieth, 1980]
        †N. athleta (Valiukevicius, 1994) [Nostolepis athleta Valiukevicius, 1994]
        †N. fragila (Valiukevicius, 2003) [Nostolepis fragila Valiukevicius, 2003]
        †N. curiosa (Valiukevicius, 1994 [Nostolepis curiosa Valiukevicius, 1994]
        †N. curta (Valiukevicius, 1994 [Nostolepis curta Valiukevicius, 1994]
        †N. guangxiensis (Wang, 1992 [“Nostolepis” guangxiensis Wang, 1992]
        †N. halli (Blom, 1999) [Nostolepis halli Blom, 1999]
        †N. lacrima (Valiukevičius, 1994) [Nostolepis lacrima Valiukevicius, 1994]
        †N. laticristata (Valiukevicius, 1994) [Nostolepis laticristata Valiukevicius, 1994]
        †N. multangula (Valiukevicius, 1994) [Nostolepis multangula Valiukevicius, 1994]
        †N. multicostata (Vieth, 1980) [Nostolepis multicostata (Vieth, 1980)]
        †N. paravolborthi (Valiukevicius, 2003) [Nostolepis paravolborthi Valiukevicius, 2003]
        †N. platycrista (Valiukevicius, 2003) [Nostolepis platycrista Valiukevicius, 2003]
        †N. spina (Valiukevicius, 1994) [Nostolepis spina Valiukevicius, 1994]
        †N. tareyensis (Valiukevicius, 1994) [Nostolepis tareyensis Valiukevicius, 1994]
        †N. timanica (Valiukevičius, 2003) [Nostolepis timanica Valiukevicius, 2003]
    †Paucicanthus vanelsti Hanke, 2002, E.Dev. NWNA.
    †Paranostolepis glabra Vieth, 1980
    †Peregrinosquama Valiukevicius & Burrow, 2005 [Watsonacanthus in partim]
        †P. oervigi (Sobolev, Karatajute-Talimaa & Valiukevicius, 1988) [Watsonacanthus oervigi (Sobolev, Karatajute-Talimaa & Valiukevicius, 1988)]
        †P. costatus (Valiukevičius, 2003) [Watsonacanthus costatus (Valiukevičius, 2003]
    †Pinnacanthus E.Dev. NA.
    †Protodus E.-M.Dev. NA.
    †Sinacanthus M.Dev. EAs.
    †Striacanthus M.-L.Dev. Aus.
    †Taimyrolepis composita Valiukevicius, 1994
    †Trundlelepis cervicostulata
    †Wetteldorfia triangula Vieth-Schreiner, 1983
    †Yealepis douglasi Burrow & Young, 1999

    †Tchunacanthida Karatajute-Talimaa & Smith, 2003
        †Tchunacanthidae Karatajute-Talimaa & Smith, 2003 sensu Valiukevicius & Burrow, 2005
            †Fecundosquama basiglobosa Valiukevičius, 2004 L.Sil. EEu.
            †Lenacanthus priscus Karatajute-Talimaa & Smith, 2003
            †Tchunacanthus obruchevi Karatajute-Talimaa & Smith, 2003

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