After “The Tree of Life”, Wheeler, W. C., Whiting, Wheeler, Q. D. & Carpenter, 2001, and Grimaldi & Engel, 2005
<==o Eumetabola |?- †Miomoptera |-- Holometabola [Endopterygota] (metamorphosing insects i.e. beetles, wasps, moths, flies, etc.; muodonvaihtajat) `--o Paraneoptera [Hemipterodea] (bugs, thrips, lice) |?=o †Permopsocida | |-- †Psocidiidae [incl. Dichenotomidae] | `-- †Permopsocidae |?- †Archipsyllidae `--+--o Condylognatha | |-- Hemiptera Linnaeus, 1758 [incl. Homoptera & Heteroptera] (bugs, cicadas, whiteflies, aphids, etc.; nivelkärsäiset) | `==o †Lophioneurida | |-- †Zoropsocus itschetuensis | `--+-- †Zoropsocus stanleyi | `-- Thysanoptera Haliday, 1836 (thrips; ripsiäiset) `--o Psocodea |== Psocoptera (book lice; jäytiäiset) [paraphyletic] `-- Phthiraptera (lice; luteet)
Reference(s):
- Grimaldi, D. A. & Engel, M. S., 2005: Evolution of the Insects.
–Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005, xv-755 - Klass, K.-D., Zompro, O., Kristensen, N. P. & Adis, J., 2002: Mantophasmodea: a new insect order with extant members in the Afrotropics.
–Science: Vol. 296, pp. 1456-1459 - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 6: Selkärangattomat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original publication: Beaut, Du Monde Animal XI & XII Invertébrés.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Maddison, D. R., 1995-1998: Embiidina – Web spinners.
–iNet: The Tree of Life - Maddison, D. R., 1995-1998: Neoptera.
–iNet: The Tree of Life - Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
–McGrew-Hill Book Company - Terry, M. D. & Whiting, M. F., 2005: Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects.
–Cladistics: Vol. 21, pp. 240-257 - Wheeler, W. C., Whiting, M., Wheeler, Q. D. & Carpenter, J. M., 2001: The phylogeny of the extant hexapod orders.
–Gladistics: Vol. 17, #2, pp. 113-169