After Parker, 1982, “the CAS Echinoderm webpage”, 1998, and Mah & Blake, 2012; with genera and species from “World Register of Marine Species”
<==o Forcipulatida Perrier, 1884 |==o “Pedicellasteridae” Perrier, 1884 | |--o Anteliaster Fisher, 1923 | | |-- A. australis Fisher, 1940 [Anteliaster scaber Fisher, 1940] | | |--o A. coscinactis Fisher, 1923 [Anteliaster megatretus Fisher, 1928] | | | `-- A. coscinactis megatretus Fisher, 1928 [Pedicellaster improvisus H.L. Clark, 1913] | | |-- A. indonesiae Aziz & Jangoux, 1985 | | |-- A. microgenys Fisher, 1928 [Anteliaster nannodes Fisher, 1928] | | `-- A. scaber (E. A. Smith, 1876) | |--o Hydrasterias Sladen, 1889 | | |-- H. improvisus (Ludwig, 1905) [Pedicellaster improvisus Ludwig, 1905] | | |-- H. ophidion (Sladen, 1889) | | |-- H. sacculata McKnight, 2006 | | |-- H. sexradiata (Perrier, in Milne-Edwards, 1882) [Pedicellaster sexradiatus Perrier, in Milne-Edwards, 1882; Hydrasterias ophiodon A.M. Clark in Herring, 1974] | | `-- H. tasmanica McKnight, 2006 | |--o Pedicellaster M. Sars, 1861 | | |-- P. atratus Alcock, 1893 | | |-- P. eximius Djakonov, 1949 | | |--o P. hypernotius Sladen, 1889 | | | |-- P. hypernotius antarcticus Ludwig, 1903 [Pedicellaster antarcticus Ludwig, 1903] | | | `-- P. hypernotius formatus Koehler, 1920 [Pedicellaster formatus Koehler, 1920; Pedicellaster antarcticus Döderlein, 1928] | | |-- P. indistinctus Djakonov, 1950 | | |--o P. magister Fisher, 1923 | | | |-- P. magister ochotensis Djakonov, 1950 [Pedicellaster ochotensis Djakonov, 1950] | | | |-- P. magister megalabis Fisher, 1928 [Pedicellaster megalabis Fisher, 1928] | | | `-- P. magister sagaminus Hayashi, 1973 [Pedicellaster sagaminus Hayashi, 1973] | | |-- P. orientalis Fisher, 1928 | | |-- P. pourtalesi Perrier, 1881 | | |?- P. sarsi Studer, 1885 (nomen dubium) | | `-- P. typicus M. Sars, 1861 [Pedicellaster palaeocrystallus Duncan & Sladen, 1881] | |--o Peranaster Fisher, 1917 Species Checked: verified by a taxonomic editor Pedicellaster chirophorus Fisher, 1917 accepted as Checked: verified by a taxonomic editor Peranaster chirophorus (Fisher, 1917) | `--o Tarsaster Sladen, 1889 |?-o Pycnopodiidae Fisher, 1928 | |--o Lysastrosoma Fisher, 1922 | `--o Pycnopodia Stimpson, 1862 | `-- P. helianthoides (Brandt, 1835) |--o Zoroasteridae Sladen, 1889 | |--o Bythiolophus Fisher, 1916 | |--o Cnemidaster Sladen, 1889 [Mammaster Perrier, 1894] | |--o Doraster Downey, 1970 | |--o Myxoderma Fisher, 1905 | |--o Pholidaster Sladen, 1889 | |--o Sagenaster Mah, 2007 | |--o †Terminaster Hess, 1974 | `--o Zoroaster Thomson, 1873 [Prognaster Perrier, 1891] `--+--+--+--o Ampheraster -group [paraphyletic “Pedicellasteridae”] | | | `--o Ampheraster Fisher, 1923 | | | |-- A. alaminos Downey, 1971 | | | |-- A. atactus Fisher, 1928 | | | |-- A. chiroplus Fisher, 1928 | | | |-- A. distichopus (Fisher, 1917) | | | |-- A. hyperonchus (H.L. Clark, 1913) [Pedicellaster hyperoncus H.L. Clark, 1913] | | | `-- A. marianus (Ludwig, 1905) [Sporasterias mariana Ludwig, 1905] | | `--o Stichasteridae Perrier 1885 [Neomorphasteridae Fisher, 1923] | | |--o Allostichaster Verrill, 1914 | | |--o Cosmasterias Sladen, 1889 | | |--o Granaster Perrier, 1894 | | |--o Neomorphaster Sladen, 1889 | | |--o Pseudechinaster H.E.S. Clark, 1962 | | |--o Smilasterias Sladen, 1889 | | |--o Stichaster Müller & Troschel, 1840 [Tonia Gray, 1840] | | `--o Stichastrella Verrill, 1914 [Stichaster Perrier, 1869] | `--+--o Heliasteridae Viguier, 1878 [incl. Labidiasteridae Verrill, 1914] | | |-- Heliaster Gray, 1840 | | `-- Labidiaster Lütken, 1872 [Gymnobrisinga Studer, 1884] | `-- “6-rayed pedicellasterids” `--+--o Asteriidae Gray, 1840 | |--o Adelasterias Verrill, 1914 | |--o Anasterias Perrier, 1875 | |--o Aphanasterias Fisher, 1923 | |--o Aphelasterias Fisher, 1923 | |--o Asterias Linnaeus, 1758 | | `-- A. amurensis | |--o Astrometis Fisher, 1923 | |--o Astrostole Fisher, 1923 | |--o Caimanaster A.M. Clark, 1962 | |--o Calasterias Hayashi, 1975 | |--o Coronaster Perrier, 1885 | |--o Coscinasterias Verrill, 1870 | |--o Cryptasterias Verrill, 1914 | |--o Diplasterias Perrier, 1891 | |--o Distolasterias Perrier, 1896 | |--o Evasterias Verrill, 1914 | |--o Icasterias Fisher, 1923 | |--o Kenrickaster A.M. Clark, 1962 | |--o Leptasterias Verrill, 1866 | |--o Lethasterias Fisher, 1923 | |--o Lysasterias Fisher, 1908 | |--o Marthasterias Jullien, 1878 | |--o Meyenaster Verrill, 1913 | |--o Neosmilaster Fisher, 1930 | |--o Notasterias Koehler, 1911 | |--o Orthasterias Verrill, 1914 | |--o Perissasterias H.L. Clark, 1923 | |--o Pisaster Müller & Troschel, 1840 | | `-- P. brevispinis | |--o Plazaster Fisher, 1941 | |--o Psalidaster Fisher, 1940 | |--o Rathbunaster Fisher, 1906 | |--o Saliasterias Koehler, 1920 | |--o Sclerasterias Perrier, 1891 [Hydrasterias Perrier, 1893] Species Checked: verified by a taxonomic editor Hydrasterias diomediae Ludwig, 1905 accepted as Checked: verified by a taxonomic editor Sclerasterias alexandri (Ludwig, 1905) Pedicellaster parvulus Perrier, 1891 | |--o Stephanasterias Verrill, 1871 | |--o Stylasterias Verrill, 1914 | | `-- S. forreri | |--o Taranuiaster McKnight, 1973 | |--o Tarsastrocles Fisher, 1923 Species Checked: verified by a taxonomic editor Hydrasterias verrilli Fisher, 1906 accepted as Checked: verified by a taxonomic editor Tarsastrocles verrilli (Fisher, 1906) | |--o Uniophora Gray, 1840 | `--o Urasterias Verrill, 1909 `--o Brisingida Fisher, 1928 [Euclasteroidea Tortonese, 1958] |-- Brisingidae G.O. Sars, 1875 `-- Freyellidae Downey, 1986Species Checked: verified by a taxonomic editor Pedicellaster margaritaceus Perrier, in Milne-Edwards, 1882 accepted as Checked: verified by a taxonomic editor Neomorphaster margaritaceus Perrier, in Milne-Edwards, 1882 Species Checked: verified by a taxonomic editor Pedicellaster reticulatus H.L. Clark, 1916 accepted as Checked: verified by a taxonomic editor Stylasterias reticulatus (H.L. Clark, 1916) accepted as Checked: verified by a taxonomic editor Coronaster reticulatus (H.L. Clark, 1916) Species Checked: verified by a taxonomic editor Pedicellaster scaber E. A. Smith, 1876 accepted as Checked: verified by a taxonomic editor Anteliaster scaber (E. A. Smith, 1876)
Reference(s):
- Anonymous, 1998: The CAS Echinoderm webpage.
–iNet: California Academy of Sciences: http://www.calacademy.org/research/izg/echinoderm/classify.htm [visited: 2002-5 October] - Mah, C. L., 2015: Brisingida (last updated: 2011-10-20)
in Mah, C. L., 2015: World Asteroidea database.
–World Register of Marine Species: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=123085 [visited: 2015-10-05] - Mah, C. L., 2015: Forcipulatida (last updated: 2011-10-20)
in Mah, C. L., 2015: World Asteroidea database.
–World Register of Marine Species: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=123086 [visited: 2015-10-05] - Mah, C. L. & Blake, D. B., 2012: Global Diversity and Phylogeny of the Asteroidea (Echinodermata).
–Plos One: Vol. 7, #4, e35644 (1-22) [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035644] - Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
–McGrew-Hill Book Company