After Rowe, 1988, Luo, 1994, and McKenna & Bell, 1997
Alternative phylogeny after Luo, Kielan-Jaworowska & Cifelli, 2002, and Kielan-Jaworowska, Cifelli & Luo, 2004
Family-level taxonomy of non-holotherian mammaliaforms.
<==o Mammaliaformes Rowe, 1988 [Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 sensu Luo, 1994 (sensu lato)] |-- †Adelobasilus cromptoni Lucas & Hunt, 1990 `--+--o †Sinoconodontidae Mills, 1971 [Sinoconodontiformes Kinman, 1994] | |-- †Sinoconodon rigneyi Patterson & Olson, 1961 [incl. S. parringtoni Young, 1982 and S. youngi Zhang, 1983, which are ontogenetic forms of Sinoconodon rigneyi] | `-- †Lufengoconodon changchiawaensis Yang (C. C. Young), 1982 `--+?-o †Tricuspes von Huene, 1933 [Tricuspis?] [could be a non-mammaliaform chiniquodontoid (a dromatheriid?)] | |-- †T. tuebingensis von Huene, 1933 | |-- †T. sigogneauae Hahn, Hahn & Godefroit, 1994 | `-- †T. tapeinodon Godefroit & Battail, 1997 |?- †Repenomamus robustus Li, Wang, Wang & Li, 2001 [Repenomamidae Li, Wang, Wang & Li, 2001] [elsewhere treated as a gobiconodont] |?- †Kollikodon ritchiei Flannery, Archer, Rich & Jones, 1995 [Kollikodontidae Flannery, Archer, Rich & Jones, 1995] [sometimes regarded as a prototherian (monotreme)] `--+?- †Haramiyida Simpson, 1947 sensu Jenkins et al., 1997 |-- †Morganucodontidae Kühne, 1958 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 [taxonomic history] `--+-- †Docodonta Kretzoi, 1958 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 `--+-- †Hadrocodium wui Luo, Crompton & Sun, 2001 `-- Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 sensu stricto (nisäkkäät; mammals)
After Rowe, 1988, Luo, Crompton & Sun, 2001, Luo, Cifelli & Kielan-Jaworowska, 2001, Luo, Kielan-Jaworowska & Cifelli, 2002, Kielan-Jaworowska, Cifelli & Luo, 2004, and Luo & Wible, 2005<==o Mammaliaformes Rowe, 1988 [Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 sensu Luo, 1994, and Kielan-Jaworowska, Cifelli & Luo, 2004 (sensu lato)] |-- †Adelobasilus cromptoni Lucas & Hunt, 1990 `--+--o †Sinoconodontidae | `-- †Sinoconodon rigneyi Patterson & Olson, 1961 [incl. Lufengoconodon changchiawaensis Young, 1982a (Sinoconodon changchiawaensis (Young) sensu Crompton & Sun, 1985), S. parringtoni Young, 1982, and S. youngi Zhang, 1983, which are ontogenetic forms of Sinoconodon rigneyi] `--+?-o †Tricuspes von Huene, 1933 [Tricuspis?] [could be a non-mammaliaform chiniquodontoid] | |-- †T. tuebingensis von Huene, 1933 | |-- †T. sigogneauae Hahn, Hahn & Godefroit, 1994 | `-- †T. tapeinodon Godefroit & Battail, 1997 |?- †Repenomamus robustus Li, Wang, Wang & Li, 2001 [Repenomamidae Li, Wang, Wang & Li, 2001] [elsewhere treated as a gobiconodont] `--+--o †Morganucodonta Kermack, Mussett & Rigney, 1973 sensu Kielan-Jaworowska, Cifelli & Luo, 2004 [“Kuehneotheria” McKenna, 1975 sensu Luo, Kielan-Jaworowska & Cifelli, 2002 (in partim)] | |?- †Hallautherium schalchi Clemens, 1980 | |-- †Morganucodontidae Kühne, 1958 | `-- †Megazostrodontidae Cow, 1986 sensu Kielan-Jaworowska, Cifelli & Luo, 2004 `--+-- †Docodonta Kretzoi, 1958 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997, and Kielan-Jaworowska, Cifelli & Luo, 2004 [Docodontiformes Kinman, 1994, incl. Tegotheridia Tatarinov, 1994] `--+-- †Hadrocodium wui Luo, Crompton & Sun, 2001 `--+-- †Kuehneotheriidae Kermack, Kermack & Musset, 1968 [“Kuehneotheria” McKenna, 1975 sensu Luo, Kielan-Jaworowska & Cifelli, 2002 (in partim)] `-- Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 sensu stricto [Rowe, 1988 and McKenna & Bell, 1997] (true mammals; nisäkkäät) Mammalia incertae sedis:
†Tikitherium copei Datta, 2005; U.Trias. Ind.
†Reigitheriidae Bonaparte, 1990
†Reigitherium Bonaparte, 1990
†R. bunodontum Bonaparte, 1990
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Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Flynn, J. J., Parrish, J. M., Rakotosamimanana, B., Simpson, W. F., Whatley, R. L., & Wyss, A. R., 1999: A Triassic fauna form Madagaskar, including early dinosaurs.
–Science: Vol. 286, 22 October, pp. 763-765 - Flannery, T. F., Archer, M., Rich, T. H. & Jones, R., 1995: A new family of monotremes from the Cretaceous of Australia.
–Nature: Vol. 377, 5 October, pp. 418-420 - Jenkins, F. A. Jr., Gatesy, S. M., Shubin, N. H. & Amarai, W. W., 1997: Haramiyids and Triassic mammalian evolution.
–Nature: Vol. 385, 20 February, pp. 715-718 - Li, J., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. & Li, C., 2001: A new family of primitive mammal from the Mesozoic of western Liaoning, China.
–Chinese Science Bulletin: Vol. 46, #9, pp. 782-786 - Lucas, S. G. & Luo, Z.-X., 1993: Adelobasileus from the Upper Triassic of West Texas: The oldest mammal.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 13, #3, pp. 309-334 - Luo, Z.-X., 1994: Sister-group relationships of mammals and transformations of diagnostic mammalian characters. 98-128.
in Fraser, N. C. & Sues, H-D. (eds.) 1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs.
–Cambridge University Press, New York, 1994, x-435 - Luo, Z.-X., Crompton, A. W. & Sun, A.-L., 2001: A new mammaliaform from the Early Jurassic and evolution of mammalian characters.
–Science: Vol. 292, #5521, pp. 1535-1540 [doi: 10.1126/science.1058476] - Luo, Z.-X., Ji, Q. & Yuan, C.-X., 2007: Convergent dental adaptations in pseudo-tribosphenic and tribosphenic mammals.
–Nature: Vol. 450, pp. 93-97 [doi: 10.1038/nature06221] - Luo, Z, & Wu, X-C., 1994: The small tetrapods of the Lower Lufeng Formation, Yunnan, China. 251-270
in Fraser, N. C. & Sues, H-D. (eds.) 1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs.
–Cambridge University Press, New York, 1994, x-435 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Rowe, T., 1988: Defenition, diagnosis, and origin of Mammalia.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 8, #3, pp. 241-264
Special thanks to:
Jos H. M. Dols, for gathering additional information and species of these animals.