After Chinsamy & Rubidge 1993, Modesto & Rubidge, 2000, Liu, Rubidge & Li, 2009, and Cisneros, Abdala, Rubidge, Dentzien-Dias & Bueno, 2011
Alternative phylogeny after Cisneros, Abdala, Rubidge, Dentzien-Dias & Bueno, 2011
Alternative phylogeny after Cox, 1998
Alternative phylogeny after Chinsamy & Rubidge, 1993
<==o †Anomodontia Owen, 1860 (non 1859?) |-- †Biseridens qilianicus Li & Cheng, 1997 [Biseridensidae Li & Cheng, 1997] `--+--o †Anomocephaloidea Cisneros, Abdala, Rubidge, Dentzien-Dias & Bueno, 2011 | |-- †Anomocephalus africanus Modesto, Rubidge & Welman, 1999 | `-- †Tiarajudens eccentricus Cisneros, Abdala, Rubidge, Dentzien-Dias & Bueno, 2011 `--+--o †Venyukovioidea Efremov, 1940c sensu Watson & Romer, 1956, and Kammerer & Angielczyk, 2009 [Venyukoviamorpha; Venjukoviamorpha (unjust. emend.)] | `--o †Venyukoviidae Efremov, 1940c [incl. Otsheriinae Tchudinov, 1960; Ulemicidae Ivakhnenko, 1996] | |?- †Venjukovia prima Amalitskii (Amalitzky), 1922 [Myctosuchus Efremov, 1937, Venjukovia invisa Efremov, 1940] | |-- †Otsheria netzvetajevi Tchudinov, 1960 | `--+-- †Suminia getmanovi Ivakhnenko, 1994 | `--o †Ulemica | |-- †U. invisa (Efremov, 1940?) [Venjukovia invisa Efremov, 1940?] | `-- †U. efremovi `--o †Chainosauria Nopcsa, 1923 sensu Kammerer & Angielczyk, 2009 |-- †Patranomodon nyaphulii Rubidge & Hopson, 1990 `--+--o †“Dromasauria” | `--o †Galeopidae Broom, 1912 [Galeopsidae, Galechiridae Broom, 1912 (non King, 1988)] | |-- †Galechirus scholtzi Broom, 1907 | |-- †Galeops whaitsi Broom, 1912 | `-- †Galepus jouberti Broom, 1910 `-- †Dicynodontia Owen, 1860 (non 1859?) sensu Modesto, Rubidge & Welman, 1999 (from Modesto & Rubidge, 2000)
Alternative phylogenies of Anomodontia:
After Cisneros, Abdala, Rubidge, Dentzien-Dias & Bueno, 2011<==o †Anomodontia |-- †Biseridens `--+--o †Anomocephaloidea | |-- †Anomocephalus | `-- †Tiarajudens `--+-- †Galechirus |--o †Venyukovioidea | |-- †Otsheria | `--+-- †Suminia | `-- †Ulemica `--+-- †Patranomodon `--+-- †Galeops `-- †Dicynodontia |
After Cox, 1998<==o †Anomodontia |?- †Anomocephalus |?- †Patranomodon |?-o †Venyukoviamorpha | `--o †Venyukoviidae | |?- †Venjukovia | |-- †Otsheria | `--+-- †Ulemica | `-- †Suminia |?-o †Dromasauria | `--o †Galeopidae | |-- †Galechirus scholtzi | |-- †Galeops whaitsi | `-- †Galepus jouberti `-- †Dicynodontia |
After Chinsamy & Rubidge, 1993<==o †Anomodontia |?- †Anomocephalus |?- †Patranomodon `--o †Dicynodontia |--o †Venyukoviamorpha | `--o †Venyukoviidae | |?- †Venjukovia | |-- †Otsheria | `--+-- †Ulemica | `-- †Suminia `--+--o †Dromasauria | `--o †Galeopidae | |-- †Galechirus | |-- †Galeops | `-- †Galepus `-- †Dicynodontia |
Reference(s):
- Battail, B. & Surkov, M. V., 2000: Mammal-like reptiles from Russia. 86-119
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, xxxix-696 - Chinsamy, A. & Rubidge, B. S. 1993: Dicynodont(Therapsida) bone histology: Phylogenetic and physiological implications.
–Paleontologica Africana: Vol. 30, pp. 97-102, 1993. - Cisneros, J. C., Abdala, F., Rubidge, B. S., Dentzien-Dias, P. C. & Bueno, A. d. O., 2011: Dental Occlusion in a 260-Million-Year-Old Therapsid with Saber Canines from the Permian of Brazil.
–Science: Vol. 331, #6024, pp. 1603-1605 [doi: 10.1126/science.1200305] - Cox, C. B., 1998: The jaw function and adaptive radiation of the dicynodont mammal-like reptiles of the Karoo basin of South Africa.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol 122, #1-2, pp. 349-384 - Kammerer, C. F. & Angielczyk, K. D., 2009: A proposed higher taxonomy of anomodont therapsids.
–Zootaxa: #2018, pp. 1-24 - Liu, J., Rubidge, B. S. & Li, J., 2009: A new specimen of biseridens qilianicus indicates its phylogenetic position as the most basal anomodont.
–Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological series: Vol. 277, #1, pp. 285-292 [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0883] - Modesto, S. & Rubidge, B. S., 2000: A basal anomodont therapsid from the Lower Baufort Group, Upper Permian of South Africa.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vo. 20, #3, pp. 515-521 - Rubidge, B. S. & Hopson, J. A., 1996: A primitive anomodont therapsid from the base of the Beaumont Group (Upper Permian) of South Africa.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 117, pp. 115-139 - Rybczynski, N., 2000: Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of Suminia getmanovi, a basal anomodont (Amniota: Therapsida) from the Late Permian of Eastern Europe.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 130, #3, pp. 329-373 [doi: DOI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb01634.x]
Special thanks to:
Jos H. M. Dols, for gathering additional information and species of these animals.