Anapsida

<==o Anapsida [Proganosauria]
   |--o †Mesosauridae
   |  |-- †Brazilosaurus sanpauloensis
   |  |-- †Stereosternum tumidum Cope, 1886
   |  `--o †Mesosaurus [Ditrichosaurus, Noteosaurus africanus, Notosaurus]
   |     |-- †M. tenuidens Gervais, 1865
   |     `-- †M. brasiliensis [jr. synon. to M. tenuidens??]
   `--o Parareptilia
      |--o †Millerettidae [Millerosauria, Millerosauroidea]
      |  |-- †Broomia
      |  |?- †Heleophilus
      |  |-- †Milleretta rubidgei [Millerina]
      |  |-- †Milleretoides
      |  |-- †Millerettops
      |  |-- †Milleropsis
      |  |-- †Millerosaurus nuffieldi
      |  `-- †Nanomilleretta
      `--+-- †Eunotosaurus africanus Seeley, 1892 sensu Modesto, 2000
         |--o †Bolosauridae Cope, 1878 sensu Berman et al., 2000
         |  |?- †Bolosauridae genera et species indet. [China]
         |  |--o †Bolosaurus Cope, 1878; L. Perm. NA.
         |  |  |?- †B. major
         |  |  |?- †B. rapidens
         |  |  |-- †B. striatus Cope, 1878
         |  |  `-- †B. grandis Reisz, Barkas & Scott, 2002
         |  |-- †Eudibamus cursoris Berman et al., 2000, L. Perm. CEu.
         |  `--o †Belebay U. Perm. EEu.
         |     |-- †B. vegrandis
         |     `-- †B. maximi
         `--o Procolophonomorpha Romer, 1964 sensu Lee, 1995 [Ankyramorpha deBraga & Reitz, 1996]
            |--o †Nyctiphruretia [paraphyletic?]
            |  |--o †Nyctiphruretus [Nyctiphruretidae]
            |  |  |?- †N. acrudens
            |  |  `-- †N. ineptus
            |  `--o †Nycteroleteridae
            |     |-- †Nycteroleter
            |     `-- †Macroleter poezicus
            `--o Procolophoniformes [Procolophonia]
               |-- †Procolophonoidea
               `-- Pareiasauriformes [Hallucicrania]

Reference(s):

Berman, D. S., Reisz, R. R., Scott, D., Henrici, A. C., Sumida, S. S. & Martens, T. 2000: Early Permian bipedal reptile.
–Science: vol. 290, 3 November, pp. 969-972.
Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
Laurin, M., Gauthier, J. A. & Hedges, S. B., 1996-1997: Amniota - Mammals and reptiles.
–iNet: The Tree of Life
Laurin, M., & Gauthier, J. A., 1996-2000: Phylogeny and Classification of Amniotes.
–iNet: The Tree of Life: http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/amniotelichen/Amniotephylogeny.htm
Lee, M. S. Y., 1996: Correlated progression and the origin of turtles.
–Nature: Vol. 379, 29 February, pp. 812-815
Lee, M. S. Y., 1993: The origin of the turtle body plan: Bridging a famous morphological gap.
–Science: Vol. 261, 24 September, 1716-1720
Modesto, S. P., 1999: Observations on the structure of the Early Permian reptile Staurosternon tuditum Cope.
–Paleontologica Africana: Vol. 35, pp. 7-19
Modesto, S. P., 2000: Eunotosaurus africanus and the Gondwanan ancestery of anapsid reptiles.
–Paleontologica Africana: Vol. 36, pp. 15-20

Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

Anapsida – turtles and their extinct relatives

Reference(s):