After Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009, and Pyron & Wallach, 2014, with species from Uetz, Etzold & Chenna, 1995-2015
<==o Scolecophidia Duméril & Bibron, 1844 [Scolecophidia Cope, 1864] (blind snakes, thread snakes; sokkokäärmeet) |--o Leptotyphlopidae Stejneger, 1892 (Slender blind snakes; matokäärmeet) | |--o Epictinae Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009 | | |--o Rhinoleptini Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009 | | | |--o Tricheilostoma Jan, 1860 sensu Hedges, 2011 [Guinea Hedges, Adalsteinsson &: Branch, in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009, non Guinea Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (Insecta: Hymenoptera)] | | | | |-- T. bicolor Jan, 1860 [Leptotyphlops bicolor] | | | | |-- T. broadleyi (Wallach & Hahn, 1997) [Leptotyphlops broadleyi] | | | | |-- T. greenwelli (Wallach & Boundy, 2005) [Leptotyphlops greenwelli] | | | | `-- T. sundewalli (Jan, 1861) [Leptotyphlops sundewalli] | | | `--o Rhinoleptus Orejas-Miranda, Roux-Estève & Guibé, 1970 | | | |-- R. koniagui (Villiers, 1956) [Typhlops koniagui Villiers, 1956; Leptotyphlops koniagui Guibé, Roux-Estève & Villiers, 1967; Rhinoleptus koniagui Orejas-Miranda, Roux-Estève & Guibé, 1970] (Villiers' blind snake) | | | `-- R. parkeri (Broadley, 1999) | | `--o Epictini Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009 | | |--o Epictina Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009 | | | |-- Epictia Gray, 1845 | | | `-- Siagonodon Peters, 1881 | | `--+--o Renina Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009 | | | |-- Rena Baird & Girard, 1853 | | | `-- Trilepida Hedges, 2011 [Tricheilostoma Jan, 1860 (invalid)] | | `--o Tetracheilostomina Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009 | | |-- Mitophis Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009 | | `-- Trilepida Hedges, 2011 [Tricheilostoma Jan, 1860 in partim] | `--o Leptotyphlopinae Stejneger, 1892 | |?-o Epacrophini Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009 | | `--o Epacrophis Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009 | | |-- E. boulengeri (Boettger, 1913) | | |-- E. drewesi (Wallach, 1996) | | `-- E. reticulatus (Boulenger, 1906) | `--+--o Myriopholini Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009 | | `-- Myriopholis Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009 | `--o Leptotyphlopini Stejneger, 1892 sensu Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009 | |-- Leptotyphlops Fitzinger, 1843 | `-- Namibiana Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009 `--+--o Anomalepididae Taylor, 1939 [Anomalepidae Taylor, 1939; Anomalepidinae Amaral, 1954; Anomalepididae Robb & H.M. Smith, 1966] (Dawn Blind Snakes) | |--o Anomalepis Jan, 1860 | | |-- A. aspinosus Taylor, 1939 | | |-- A. colombia Marx, 1953 | | |-- A. flavapices Peters, 1957 | | `-- A. mexicanus Jan, 1860 [type] | |--o Helminthophis Peters, 1860 [Helminthophis Peters, 1860; Idiotyphlops Jan, in Jan & Sordelli, 1860] | | |-- H. flavoterminatus (Peters, 1857) | | |-- H. frontalis (Peters, 1860) [type] | | `-- H. praeocularis Amaral, 1924 | |--o Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 [Rhinotyphlops Peters, 1857 in partim; Liotyphlops Peters, 1881] | | |-- L. albirostris (Peters, 1857) [type] | | |-- L. anops (Cope, 1899) | | |-- L. argaleus Dixon & Kofron, 1984 | | |-- L. beui (Amaral, 1924) | | |-- L. caissara Centeno, Sawaya & Germano, 2010 | | |-- L. haadi Sliva-Haad, Franco & Maldonado, 2008 | | |-- L. schubarti Vanzolini, 1948 | | |-- L. ternetzii (Boulenger, 1896) | | |-- L. trefauti Freire, Caramaschi, Suzart Argolo, 2007 | | `-- L. wilderi (Garman, 1883) | `--o Typhlophis Fitzinger, 1843 [Typhlophis Fitzinger, 1843; Cephalolepis Duméril & Bibron, 1844] | `-- T. squamosus (Schlegel, 1839) [Typhlops squamosus Schlegel, 1839; Cephalolepis leucocephalus Duméril & Bibron, 1844; Typhlops squammosus Duméril & Bibron, 1844; Anilios(?) squamosus Gary, 1845; Cephalolepis squamosus Jan & Sorselli, 1860; Typhlophis squamosus Boulenger, 1893; Typhlophis squamosus Gasc & Rodrigues, 1980; Typhlophis squamosus Starace, 1998; Typhlophis ayarzaguenai Señaris, 1998; Typhlophis squamosus McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré, 1999; Typhlophis squamosus Gower et al. 2012] (Trinidad Blind Snake) `--o Typhlopoidea Merrem, 1820 sensu Pyron & Wallach, 2014 [Typhlopidae sensu lato] |--o Gerrhopilidae Vidal, Wynn, Donnellan & Hedges, 2010 | |-- Cathetorhinus melanocephalus Duméril & Bibron, 1844 [Cathetorhinus melanocephalus Duméril & Bibron, 1844; Typhlops (Typhlina) melanocephalus Jan, 1860; Typhlops (Cathetorhinus) melanocephalus Jan, 1863; Typhlops melanocephalus Boulenger, 1893; Typhlops melanocephalus McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré, 1999 (incertae sedis); Cathetorhinus melanocephalus Wallach et al., 2014; Ramphotyphlops melanocephalus Hedges et al., 2014; Cathetorhinus melanocephalus Pyron & Wallach, 2014] | `--o Gerrhopilus Fitzinger, 1843 [Typhlops Oppel, 1811 in partim] | |-- G. andamanensis (Stoliczka, 1871) | |-- G. ater (Schlegel, 1839) [Typhlops ater Schlegel, 1839] | |-- G. beddomii (Boulenger, 1890) | |-- G. bisubocularis (Boettger, 1893) | |-- G. ceylonicus (Smith, 1943) | |-- G. depressiceps (Sternfeld, 1913) | |-- G. floweri (Boulenger, 1899) | |-- G. fredparkeri (Wallach, 1996) | |-- G. hades (Kraus, 2005) | |-- G. hedraeus (Savage, 1950) | |-- G. inornatus (Boulenger, 1888) | |-- G. manilae (Taylor, 1919) | |-- G. mcdowelli (Wallach, 1996) | |-- G. mirus (Jan, 1860) | |-- G. oligolepis (Wall, 1909) | |-- G. thurstoni Boettger, 1890 | `-- G. tindalli (Smith, 1943) `--+-- Xenotyphlops grandidieri (Mocquard, 1905) Wallach & Ineich, 1996 [Typhlops grandidieri Mocquard, 1905; Typhlops grandidieri Glaw & Vences, 1994; Xenotyphlops grandidieri Wallach & Ineich, 1996; Xenotyphlops grandidieri McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré, 1999; Xenotyphlops mocquardi Wallach, Mercurio & Andreone, 2007; Xenotyphlops mocquardi Vidal, Vences, Branch & Hedges, 2010; Xenotyphlops grandidieri Vidal, Vences, Branch & Hedges, 2010 [Xenotyphlopidae Vidal, Vences, Branch & Hedges, 2010] `--o Typhlopidae Merrem, 1820 (sokkokäärmeet) |--o Typhlopinae Merrem, 1820 | |-- Amerotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 | `-- Typhlops Oppel, 1811 [116 species] `--+--o Afrotyphlopinae Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 | |-- Afrotyphlops Broadley & Wallach, 2009 | `--+-- Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, 1843 [28 species] | `--+?- Grypotyphlops acutus (Duméril & Bibron, 1844) Peters, 1881 [Onychocephalus acutus Duméril & Bibron, 1844; Rhinotyphlops acutus] | `-- Letheobia Cope, 1869 |-- Madatyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 [Madatyphlopinae Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014] `--o Asiatyphlopinae Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 |--+?- Argyrophis Gray, 1845 | `-- Xerotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 `--+-- Lemuriatyphlops Pyron & Wallach, 2014 `--+-- Malayotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 `--+-- Indotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin &, Vidal, 2014 `--+-- Ramphotyphlops Fitzinger, 1843 [Rhamphotyphlops] [58 species] `--+-- Acutotyphlops Wallach, 1995 `--+?- Cyclotyphlops deharvengi in den Bosch & Ineich, 1994 `-- Anilios Gray, 1845
Reference(s):
- Hedges, S. B., 2011: The type species of the threadsnake genus Tricheilostoma Jan revisited (Squamata, Leptotyphlopidae).
–Zootaxa: 3027, pp. 63-64 - Hedges, S. B., Marion, A. B., Lipp, K. M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N., 2014: A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata).
–Caribbean Herpetology: Vol. 49, pp. 1-61 - Pyron, R. A. & Wallach, V., 2014: Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence.
–Xootaxa: 3829, pp. 81 [doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1] - Uetz, P., Etzold, T. & Chenna, R., 1995-2015: Gerrophidae (visited: 2015-01-28)
–iNet: The Reptile Database: Gerrophidae - Vidal, N., Marin, J., Morini, M., Donnellan, S., Branch, W. R., Thomas, R., Vences, M., Wynn, A., Cruaud, C. & Hedges, S. B., 2010: Blindsnake evolutionary tree reveals long history on Gondwana.
Vol. 6, #4, pp. 558-561 [doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0220] - Welch, K. R. G., 1995: Snakes of the World, a checklist, Vol 2: Boas, pythons, shieldtails and worm snakes.
–R & A Research and Information Ltd., KCM Books. 1-91