Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

Pythonomorpha – snake-like squamates

After Lee & Caldwell, 2000

Alternative phylogeny of Pythonomorphans after Caldwell, 1999 and Bell, 1994

<==o Pythonomorpha Cope, 1869 sensu Caldwell, 1999 (Snakes & Sea Lizards; käärmeet & meriliskot)
   |?- †Carentonosaurus mineaui Rage & Néraudeau, 2004; U.Cret. WEu.
   |?-o †Coniasaurus Owen, 1850
   |  |-- †C. crassidens Owen, 1850
   |  `-- †C. gracilodens Galdwell, 1999
   `--+--o †Mosasauroidea Camp, 1923 sensu Bell, 1994 and Caldwell, 2000 (Sea Lizards; meriliskot)
      |  |-- †Mosasauridae Gervais, 1853 (Large Sea Lizards; “suurmeriliskot”)
      |  `--o †Aigialosauridae Kramberger, 1892 (“vanhameriliskot”)
      |     |?- †Mesoleptos zendrinii Cornalia & Chiozza, 1852
      |     |--o †Aigialosaurus Gorjanovic-Kramberger, 1892
      |     |  |-- †A. dalmaticus Gorjanovic-Kramberger, 1892
      |     |  `-- †A. bucchichi (Kornhuber, 1901) Caldwell, Carroll & Kaiser, 1995 [Opetiosaurus bucchichi Kornhuber, 1901; Aigialosaurus novaki Kramberger, 1892]
      |     |-- †Carsosaurus marchesetti Kornhuber, 1893
      |     |?- †Proaigialosaurus huenei Kuhn, 1958 [nomen dubium, specimen lost]
      |     |-- †Aigialosauridae genera et species indet. [Trieste specimen]
      |     |-- †Aigialosauridae genera et species indet. [Dallas specimen]
      |     `-- †Aigialosauridae genera et species indet. [Yale specimen]
      `--+-- †Aphanizocnemus libanensis Dal Sasso & Pinna, 1997
         |--o †Dolichosauridae Gervais, 1852 (“pienmeriliskot”)
         |  |?- †Eidolosaurus trauthi Nopcsa, 1923
         |  |?- †Judeasaurus tchernovi Haber & Polcyn, 2005
         |  |-- †Dolichosaurus longicollis Owen, 1850
         |  `--o †Acteosaurus von Meyer, 1860 [Adriosaurus]
         |     |-- †A. tommasinii von Meyer, 1860
         |     `-- †A. crassicostatus Calligaris, 1993
         `--+-- †Pontosaurus lesinensis (Kornhuber, 1873) Gorjanovic-Kramberger, 1892 [Hydrosaurus lesinensis Kornhuber, 1873]
            `--+-- †Adriosaurus suessi Seeley, 1881
               `-- Ophidia Linnaeus, 1758 sensu Lee & Caldwell, 2000; Martill, Tischlinger & Longrich, 2015 [Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758 sensu lato] (snakes; käärmeet)

<==o Pythonomorpha
   |?- †Carentonosaurus
   |?-o †Coniasaurus
   |  |-- †C. crassidens
   |  `-- †C. gracilodens
   |?- †Mesoleptos
   `--+-- Serpentes
      `--o ††Mosasauroidea
         |--o †Dolichosauridae
         |  |?- †Eidolosaurus
         |  `--+-- †Pontosaurus
         |     `--+-- †Dolichosaurus
         |        `-- †Acteosaurus
         `--+-- †Mosasauridae
            `--o †Aigialosauridae
               |-- †Aigialosaurus
               |-- †Carsosaurus
               |?- †Proaigialosaurus
               |-- †Aigialosauridae genera et species indet. [Trieste specimen]
               |-- †Aigialosauridae genera et species indet. [Dallas specimen]
               `-- †Aigialosauridae genera et species indet. [Yale specimen]

Reference(s):

• Apesteguáa, S. & Zaher, H., 2006: A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum.
  –Nature: Vol. 440, pp. 1037-1040
• Caldwell, M. W., 1999: Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new species of Coniasaurus Owen, 1850.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 19, #3, pp. 438-455
• Caldwell, M. W., 1999: Squamate phylogeny and the relationships of snakes and mosasauroids.
  –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society; Vol. 125, pp. 115-147
• Caldwell, M. W., Carroll, R. L. & Kaiser, H., 1995: The pectoral girdle and forelinb of Carsosaurus marchesetti (Aegialosauridae), with a preliminary phylogenetic analysis of Mosasauroids and varanoids.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 15, #3, pp. 516-531
• Caldwell, M. W. & Cooper, J. A. 2000: Redescription, palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology of Coniasaurus grassidens Owen, 1850 (Squamata) from the Lower Chalk (Cretaceous; Cenomanian) of SE England.
  –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 127, #4, pp. 423-452.
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
  in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Evans, S. E. & Barbadillo, J., 1997: Early Cretaceous lizards from Las Hoyas, Spain.
  –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 119, #1, pp. 23-49.
• Lee, M. S. Y. & Caldwell, M. W., 2000: Adriosaurus and the affinities of mosasaurs, dolichosaurs, and snakes.
  –Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #5, pp. 915-937
• Nydam, R. L., 2000: A new taxon of helodermatid-like lizard from the Albian-Cenomanian of Utah.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #2, pp. 285-294
• Pepin, D. J., 199?: The origin of monitor lizards based on a review of the fossil evidence.
  –iNet: http://artsci.wustl.edu/~djpepin/fossil.html
• Pianka, E. R., 199?: Evolution of varanid lizards.
  –iNet: http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~varanus/varanus.html
• Pierce, S. E. & Caldwell, M. W., 2004: Redescription and phylogenetic position of the Adriatic (Upper Cretaceous; Cenomanian) dolichosaur Pontosaurus lesinensis (Kornhuber, 1973).
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 24, #2, pp. 373-386
• Rage, J.-C. & Néraudeau, D., 2004: A new pachyostotic squamate reptile from the Cenomanian of France.
  –Palaeontology: Vol. 47, #5, pp. 195-1210
• Uetz, P., Etzold, T. & Chenna, R., 1995-2000: The TIGR Reptile Database [former EMBL Reptile Database]
  –iNet: http://www.reptile-database.org/