After Carroll, 1988
Alternative [partial] phylogeny after Goujet, 2001 [from Johanson, 2003]
<==o Placodermi (placoderms; panssarihait) |-- †Stensioella heintzi [Stensioellida: Stensioellidae:; Stensionelliformes] `--+-- †Ptyctodontidae [Ptyctodontida; Ptyctodontiformes] `--+--o †Paraplesiobatidae [Pseudopetalichthyida; Pseudopetalichthyiformes] | |-- †Paraplesiobatis Broili, 1933 | `--o †Pseudopetalichthys Moy-Thomas, 1939 [Parapetalichthys) | `-- †P. problematica `--+--+-- †Acanthothoraci Stensiö, 1944 [Acanthothoraciformes] | `--o †Rhenanida [Rhenaniformes] (panssarirauskut) | `--o †Asterosteidae | |-- †Asterosteus stenocephalus | |-- †Bolivosteus chacomensis | |-- †Gemuendina stuertzi [Broiliina] | |-- †Jagorina pandora | `-- †Nefudina qalibahensis `--+-- †Macropetalichthyidae [Petalichthyida; Petalichthyiformes] `--+-- †Antiarcha [Antiarchiformes; Antiarchi] (käsivarsikalat) `--+-- †Phyllolepida Stensiö, 1934 [Phyllolepiformes] `-- †Arthrodira Woodward, 1891 (panssarihait)
After Carroll, 1988, and Goujet, 2001 [from Johanson, 2003]<==o Placodermi |?- †Brindabellaspida |?- †Stensioellida |?- †Pseudopetalichthyida |?- †Petalichthyida |?- †Phyllolepida `--+--+-- †Acanthothoraci | `-- †Rhenanida `--+-- †Antiarcha `--+-- †Ptyctodontida `-- †Arthrodira |
Placodermi incertae sedis:
†“Gyracanthus eastmani” Wells, 1944 [non-acanthodian, placoderm plates] †Asiacanthus †Antarctaspis [?Phyllolepida: Antarctaspidae] †Changyonophyton †Deinodus †Hybosteus [Coelosteichthys, Grossosteus] †Jerulalepis picketti †Neopetalichtbys †Nessariostoma †Oestophorus †Ohioaspis tumulosa Giffin, 1980 †Sedowichthys †Tollichthys †Yunnanacanthus
Reference(s):
- Burrow, C. J. & Turner, S., 1998: Devonian placoderm scales from Australia.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 18, #4, pp. 677-695 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas - Fishes.
–Mergus, Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans a. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Johanson, Z., 2003: Placederm branchial and hypobranchial muscles and origin in jawed vertebrates.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 23, #4, pp. 735-749 - Lane, J. A., 2001: Upper Devonian phyllolepid placoderms from Pennsylvania.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, Supplement to #3, pp. 71A - Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600 - Smith, M. M. & Johanson, Z., 2003: Separate Evolutionary Origins of Teeth from Evidence in Fossil Jawed Vertebrates.
–Science: Vol. 299, pp. 1235-1236