After Clarke, Ksepka, Smith & Norell, 2009
<==o Picocoraciae [Coraciiformes sensu lato (paraphyletic)] |--o Coracii [Coraciiformes] | |--o †Primobucconidae Feduccia & Martin, 1976 sensu Mayr, Mourer-Chauviré and Weidig, 2004 | | |-- †Primobucconidae genera et species indet. [Mayr, Mourer-Chauviré and Weidig, 2004] | | |-- †Septencoracias morsensis Bourdon, Kristoffersen & Bonde, 2016 | | `--o †Primobucco Brodkorb, 1970 | | |-- †P. mcgrewi Brodkorb, 1970 | | |-- †P. perneri Mayr, Mourer-Chauviré and Weidig, 2004 | | `-- †P. frugilegus Mayr, Mourer-Chauviré and Weidig, 2004 | `--+-- †Eocoracias brachyptera Mayr & Mourer-Chauviré, 2000 [Eocoraciidae] | `--+-- †Paracoracias occidentalis Clarke, Ksepka, Smith & Norell, 2009 | `--+?-o †Ceranopterus Milne-Edvards, 1892 [Geranopteridae] | | |-- †C. alatus Milne-Edvards, 1892 | | |-- †C. bohemicus Mlíkovský, 1999 | | `-- †C. milneedvardsii Mayr & Mourer-Chauviré, 2000 | `--o Coracioidea Cracraft, 1971 | |-- Brachypteraciidae | `-- Coraciidae (blue jays; sininärhet) `--+--o Alcediniformes Feduccia, 1977 (kingfisher-like birds; kuningaskalastajalinnut) | |?- †Quasisyndactylus longibrachis Mayr, 1998; M.Eoc. CEu. | |--o Todioidea (Todus-like birds; todit) | | |-- Todidae (todis; todit) [1/5] | | `-- Motmotidae (momots; momotit) [6/9] | `--o Alcedinoidea (kingfishers; kuningaskalastajat) | |-- Meropidae (bee-eaters; mehiläissyöjät) [3/26] | `--+-- Halcyonidae (forestfishers; metsäkalastajat) [12/60] | `-- Alcedinidae (kingfishers; kuningaskalastajat) [6/40] `--+--o Bucerotiformes [incl. Upupiformes] (hornbills and relatives; sarvinokkalinnut) | |--o Upupae [Upupiformes sensu Mayr, 2000] (hoopoes; harjalinnut) | | |--o †Messelirrisor Mayr, 1998; M.Eoc. Eu. [Messelirrisoridae sensu Mayr, 1998] | | | |-- †M. halcyorostris Mayr, 1998 | | | |-- †M. parvus Mayr, 1998 | | | `-- †M. grandis Mayr, 2000 | | `--+-- Phoeniculidae (woodhoopoes; säihkykiipijät) [2/8] | | `--o Upupa [Upupidae] (hoopoes; harjalinnut) [1/2] | | |-- †U. antaios Olson, 1975 (santhelenanharjalintu) [St. Helena Isl.] | | |-- U. epops (hoopoe; harjalintu) | | `-- U. africana (African Hoopoe; afrikanharjalintu) | `--o Buceroidea [Bucerotiformes s.s.] (sarvekkaat) | |-- Bucorvidae (sarvikorpit) [2/6] | `-- Bucerotidae (sarvekkaat) [9/53] `--o Piciformes Meyer & Wolf, 1810 (woodpeckers and relatives; tikkalinnut) |--o Galbulae | |-- Bucconidae (puffbirds; laiskurit) | `-- Galbulidae (jacamars; jakamarit) `--o Pici |?- †Picavus litencicensis Mayr & Gregorová, 2012 [Picavidae Mayr & Gregorová, 2012] E.Olig. CEu. |?- †Miopico benimellalensis Mayr, 1998 [Miopiconidae Mayr, 1998] E.Mioc. |--o “Ramphastioidea” | |?- †Rupelramphastoides knopfi Mayr, 2005; E.Olig. CEu. | |-- Megalaimidae | |-- Lybiidae | |-- Capitonidae | `-- Ramphastidae (toucans; tukaanit) `--o “Picoidea” |-- Indicatoridae (hunastajat) `-- Picidae (woodpeckers; tikat)
Reference(s):
- Botelho, J. F., Smith-Paredes, D., Nuñez-Leon, D., Soto-Acuña, S. & Vargas, A. O., 2014: The developmental origin of zygodactyl feet and its possible loss in the evolution of Passeriformes.
–Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences: Vol. 281, #1788, pp. [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0765] - Bourdon, E., Kristoffersen, A. V. & Bonde, N., 2016: A roller-like bird (Coracii) from the Early Eocene of Denmark.
–Scientific Reports: Vol. 6, art. 34050 [doi: 10.1038/srep34050] - Clarke, J. A., Ksepka, D. T., Smith, N. A. & Norell, M. A., 2009: Combined phylogenetic analysis of a new North American fossil species confirms widespread Eocene distribution for stem rollers (Aves, Coracii).
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 157, #3, pp. 586-611 [doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00550.x]