After Livezey, 1996, Holdaway, Worthy & Tennyson, 2001, and Louchart, Vignaud, Likius, Mackaye & Brunet, 2005
<==o Anserinae Vigors, 1825 sensu Livezey, 1996 (hanhet) |-- Cereopsis novaehollandiae [Cereopsini] (tuhkahanhi) `--+-- Anserini Vigors, 1825 sensu Livezey, 1996 (geese; hanhet) |?-o †Thambetochenini (moa-nalo's; moa-nalot) | |-- †Chelychelynechen quassus (kilpikonnanleukasorsa) | `--+-- †Ptaiochen pau (lyhytnokkainen moa-nalo) | `--o †Thambetochen (moa-nalot) | |-- †T. chauliodous (isomoa-nalo) | `-- †T. xanion (oahunmoa-nalo) `--o Cygnini Vigors, 1825 sensu Livezey, 1996 (swans; joutsenet) |?- †Archaeocygnus lacustris De Vis, 1905; Pleist. Aust. |-- Coscoroba coscoroba [Coscorobina] (ankkajoutsen) `--o Cygnina Vigors, 1825 sensu Livezey, 1996 (joutsenet) |-- †Afrocygnus chauvireae Louchart, Vignaud, Likius, Mackaye & Brunet, 2005; U.Mioc.-L.Plioc. CAf. `--o Cygnus Linnaeus, 1758 (joutsenet) |?- †C. hibbardi Brodkorb, 1958; ?L.Plioc. NA. |?- †C. verae Boev, 2000; L.Plioc. EEu. |--o (Chenopis) (Australasian swans; oceanilaiset joutsenet) | |-- † C. (C.) sp. Pleist. Aust. | |-- C. (C.) atratus (black swan; mustajoutsen) | |-- †C. (C.) sumnerensis (Forbes, 1890) sensu Holdaway et al, 2001 [incl. †Cygnus chathamensis Oliver, 1955] [= Cygnus atratus; Worthy, 1998] (New Zealand swan; uudenseelanninjoutsen) | `-- C. (C.) melanocorypha (black-necked swan; mustakaulajoutsen) `--+--o (Cygnus) (mute swans; kyhmyjoutsenet) | |-- †C. (C.) atavus (Fraas, 1870); Mlíkovský, 1992; M.Mioc. CEu. | |-- †C. (C.) paloregonus Cope, 1878; Pleist. CNA. | |-- †C. (C.) equitum Bate, 1916; M.Pleist. SEu. [<Malta & Sicily>] (dwarf maltese swan) | `--o C. (C.) olor [incl. Cygnus pristinus Kurochkin, 1971 (sensu Mlíkovský & Svek, 1986)] (mute swan; kyhmyjoutsen) | |-- † C. (C.) o. bergmanni Serebrovsky, 1940; Pleist. CAs. | `-- C. (C.) o. olor `--o (Olor) (laulujoutsenet) |-- †C. (O.) mariae Bickart, 1990; U.Mioc. CNA. |-- †C. (O.) csakvarensis (Lambrecht, 1933); Mlíkovský, 1992 [†Cygnanser csakvarensis (Lambrecht, 1933)] U.Mioc. CEu. |-- †C. (O.) falconeri Parker, 1865; M.Pleist. SEu. [<Malta & Sicily>] (giant maltese swan) |-- †C. (O.) liskunae (Kurochkin, 1976); M.Plioc. CAs. |-- C. (O.) buccinator (tumpettijoutsen) `--+-- C. (O.) columbianus; L.Plioc.-R. NA., R. Eu. As. (pikkujoutsen) `--+-- C. (O.) bewickii (bewick's Swan) [ssp. => C. columbianus bewickii sensu Carboneras, 1992] `-- C. (O.) cygnus (laulujoutsen)
Anatidae: Anserinae incertae sedis:
†“Cygnus” herrenthalsi van Beneden, 1871 (nomen nudum; Mlíkovský, 2002)
†“Chenopis” nanus De Vis, 1905; Pleist. Aust.
†Cygnavus senckenbergi Lambrecht, 1931; L.Mioc. CEu.
†Cygnavus formosus Korochkin, 1968; L.Olig. CAs.
†Paracygnus plattensis Short, 1969; U.Plioc. NA.
†Cygnopterus affinis Lambrecht, 1931; M.Olig. WEu.
†“Megalodytes” sp. (Matsuoka et al., 2001) M.Mioc. EAs.
Reference(s):
- Ericson, P. G. P. 1996: Systematic relationships of the Palaeogene family Presbyornithidae (Aves: Anseriformes).
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 121, #4, pp. 429-483 - Livezey, B. C. 1996: A phylogenetic classification of waterfowl (Aves: Anseriformes), including selected fossil species.
–Annals of Carnegie Museum: vol. 66, #4, pp. 457-496. - Louchart, A., Vignaud, P., Likius, A., Mackaye, H. T. & Brunet, M., 2005: A new swan (Aves: Anatidae) in Africa, from the latest Miocene of Chad and Libya.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 25, #2, pp. 384-392 - Olson, S. L. & Rasmussen, P. D., 2001: Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina. 233-365
in Ray, C. E. & Bohaska, D. J., (eds.) 2001: Geology and paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, III.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 90, iii-365 - Holdaway, R. N., Worthy, T. H. & Tennyson, A. J. D., 2001: A working list of breeding bird species of the New Zealand region at first human contact.
–New Zealand Journal of Zoology: Vol. 28, pp. 119-187