After Livezey, 1997, with living species from Peterson, 2002-2017
Genera and monotypic species only (full speciestree below):
<==o Anatidae Leach, 1820 sensu Livezey, 1996 (ducks, geese, swans; sorsat, hanhet, joutsenet) |--o Dendrocygninae Reichenbach, 1849-1850 sensu Livezey, 1996 (Whistling-ducks and allies; viheltäjäsorsat) | |--o Thalassornithini Livezey, 1986 sensu Livezey, 1996 | | `-- Thalassornis leuconotus Eyton, 1838 (White-backed Duck; valkoselkäsorsa) | `--o Dendrocygnini Reichenbach, 1849-1850 sensu Livezey, 1997 (whistling-ducks; viheltäjäsorsat) | `-- Dendrocygna Swainson, 1837 (viheltäjäsorsat) `--+?-o †Dendrocheninae Livezey & Martin, 1988 | |-- †Dendrochen Miller, 1944 | `-- †Mionetta Livezey & Martin, 1988 `--+--o Anserinae Vigors, 1825 sensu Livezey, 1996 (geese & swans; hanhet & joutsenet) | |--o Cereopsini Vigors, 1825 | | `-- Cereopsis novaehollandiae Latham, 1802 [] (Cape Barren Goose; tuhkahanhi) | `--+?-o †Thambetochenini Livezey, 1996 (moa-nalo's; moa-nalot) | | |-- †Chelychelynechen quassus Olson & James, 1991 (Turtle-billed Moa-nalo; kilpikonnanleukasorsa) | | `--+-- †Ptaiochen pau Olson & James, 1991 (short-billed moa-nalo; lyhytnokkainen moa-nalo) | | `-- †Thambetochen Olson & Wetmore, 1976 (moa-nalot) | |--o Anserini Vigors, 1825 sensu Livezey, 1996 (geese; hanhet) | | |-- Anser Brisson, 1760 (Pale-breasted geese; harmaahanhet) | | `-- Branta Scopoli, 1769 (Brant (dark-breasted) geese; kirjohanhet) | `--o Cygnini Vigors, 1825 sensu Livezey, 1996 (swans; joutsenet) | |?- †Archaeocygnus lacustris De Vis, 1905; Pleist. Aust. | |--o Coscorobina Boetticher, 1936-1938 sensu Livezey, 1996 | | `-- Coscoroba coscoroba (Molina, 1782) Reichenbach, 1853 (Coscoroba Swan; ankkajoutsen) | `--o Cygnina Vigors, 1825 sensu Livezey, 1996 (True Swans; joutsenet) | |-- †Afrocygnus chauvireae Louchart, Vignaud, Likius, Mackaye & Brunet, 2005; U.Mioc.-L.Plioc. CAf. | `-- Cygnus Garsault, 1764 (non? Bechstein, 1803) (Swans; joutsenet) `--+--o Stictonettinae (Boetticher, 1950) | `-- Stictonetta naevosa (Gould, 1841) Reichenbach, 1853 (freckled duck; tuhkasorsa) `--+--o Tadorninae Reichenbach, 1849 sensu Livezey, 1996 (Shelducks and allies; ristisorsat ja sukulaiset) | |--o Plectropterini Eyton, 1838 sensu Livezey, 1996 (Pied shelducks; kannushanhet ja sukulaiset) | | |-- Plectropterus gambensis Stephens, 1824 (Spurwinged Goose; kannushanhi) | | `-- Sarkidiornis Eyton, 1838 (Comb-ducks; kyhmysorsat) | `--+?-o †Euryanatini Livezey, 1989 | | `-- †Euryanas finschi (Van Beneden, 1875) Oliver, 1930 (finsch's duck) | |--o Merganettini (Bonaparte, 1853) sensu Livezey, 1996 (Torrent-ducks and allies; koskisorsat ja sukulaiset) | | |-- Hymenolaimus malacorhynchus (Gmelin, 1789) GR Gray, 1843 (Blue Duck; vuorisorsa) | | `--+-- Merganetta armata Gould, 1875 (Torrent-duck; koskisorsa) | | `-- Tachyeres Owen, 1875 (Steamer-ducks; viuhtojat) | `--o Tatornini Reichenbach, 1849 sensu Livezey, 1996 (True shelducks and sheldgeese; ristisorsat) | |?- †Centrornis majori Andrews, 1897 (Greater Malagasy sheldgoose; isomadagaskarinhansu) | |-- †Anabernicula Ross, 1935 (Pygmy sheldgeese; kääpiöhansut) | `--+--o Chleophagina Boetticher, 1942 sensu Livezey, 1996 (hansut) | | |-- Cyanochen cyanopterus (Rüppell, 1845) Bonaparte, 1856 (Blue-winged Sheldgoose; etiopianhansu) | | `--+-- Alopochen Stejneger, 1885 [Chenalopex Stephens, 1824 (non Vieillot, 1818); Mascarenochen Cowles, 1994; Proanser Umans'ka 1979a; Anserobranta Kurockin & Ganya, 1972] (afrikanhansut) | | |-- Neochen Oberholser, 1918 (amazonianhansut) | | `-- Chloephaga Eyton, 1838 (Neotropical sheldgeese; hansut) | `--o Tadornina Reichenbach, 1849 sensu Livezey, 1996 (Shelducks; ristisorsat) | |?- †Balcanas pliocaenica | `--o Tadorna Oken, 1817 sensu Peterson, 2017 [?non Boie, 1822] (Shelducks; ristisorsat) | |-- Tadorna Oken, 1817 (Shelducks; ristisorsat) | `-- Casarca Bonaparte, 1838 [Tadorna Oken, in partem] (Unbanded shelducks) `--o Anatinae Leach, 1820 sensu Livezey, 1996 (ducks; sorsat) |--o Malacorhynchini (Boetticher, 1950) | |-- Salvadorina waigiuensis Rothschild & Hartert, 1894 (Salvadori's Duck; viirusorsa) | `-- Malacorhynchus Swainson, 1831 (Pink-eared Ducks) |--o Aythyini Delacour & Mayr, 1945 (Pochards; sotkat) | |-- Marmaronetta angustirostris (Menetries, 1832) Reichenbach, 1853 [Marmaronettina Livezey, 1996] (Marbled Duck; marmorisorsa) | `--+--o Rhodonessina Boetticher, 1950 sensu Livezey, 1996 (Stem pochards; narskut) | | |-- Netta Kaup, 1829 (punapäänarskut) | | `-- Metopiana Bonaparte, 1856 | `--o Aythyina Delacour & Mayr, 1945 sensu Livezey, 1996) [Aythya Boie sensu Peterson, 2017] (True pochards; sotkat) | |-- Aristonetta Baird, 1858 (Red-headed pochards; punasotkat) | `-- Aythya Boie, 1822 (Typical pochards; sotkat) |--o Mergini Rafinesque, 1815 (or Swainson, 1831) (Seaducks; sukeltajasorsat) | |?-o †Chendytina Livezey, 1996b | | `-- †Chendytes Miller, 1925 | |--o Somanterina Reichenbach, 1849-1850 sensu Livezey, 1996b (Eiders; haahkat) | | |-- Polysticta stelleri (Pallas, 1769) Eyton, 1836 (Steller's Eider; allihaahka) | | `-- Somateria Leach, 1819 (Greater eiders; haahkat) | `--o Mergina Rafinesque, 1815 (or Swainson, 1831) (Typical seaducks; sukeltajasorsat) | |--o Histrionicus Lesson, 1828 [“supergenus”] | | `-- Histrionicus Lesson, 1828 [†Ocyplonessa Brodkorb, 1961] (virta-allit) | `--+--o Melanitta Boie, 1822 (Scoters and allies) [“supergenus”] | | |-- †Camptorhynchus labradorius (Gmelin, 1789) Bonaparte, 1838 (Labrador Duck; labradorinsorsa) | | `-- Melanitta Boie, 1822 (Scoters; mustalinnut) | `--o Mergus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mergansers and allies) [“supergenus”] | |-- Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Leach, 1819 (Long-tailed Duck; alli) | `--+--+-- Margellus albellus (Linnaeus, 1758) Selby, 1840 (Smew; uivelo) | | `-- Bucephala Baird, 1858 (Goldeneyes; telkät) | `-+-- Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Reichenbach, 1853 (Hooded Merganser; harjakoskelo) | `--o Mergus Linnaeus, 1758 (koskelot) |--o Oxyurini (viuhkasorsat ja sukulaiset) | |--o Heteronettina Boetticher, 1950 sensu Livezey, 1996b | | `-- Heteronetta atricapilla (Merrem, 1841) Salvadori, 1865 (Black-headed Duck; loissorsa) | `--o Oxyurina Phillips, 1926 sensu Livezey, 1996b (Stiff-tailed ducks; viuhkasorsat) | |--o Nomonyx Ridgway, 1880 [“supergenus”??] | | `-- Nomonyx dominicus (Linnaeus, 1766) Ridgway, 1880 (Masked Duck; naamioviuhkasorsa) | `--o Oxyura Bonaparte, 1828 (Typical stiff-tailed ducks) [“supergenus”??] | |-- Biziura Stephens, 1824 (Musk-ducks; helttasorsat) | `-- Oxyura Bonaparte, 1828 (Ruddy (blue-billed) ducks; viuhkasorsat) `--o Anatini Leach, 1820 sensu Livezey, 1996 (ducks; sorsat) |--o Cairina Boetticher, 1936-1938 sensu Livezey, 1996 (Long-billed wood ducks) | |--o Aix Boie, 1828 [“supergenus”] | | `-- Aix Boie, 1828 (Northern wood ducks; mandariinisorsat) | `--o Cairina Fleming, 1822 (Greater wood ducks) [“supergenus”] | |-- Pteronetta hartlaubii (Cassin, 1860) Salvadori, 1895 (Hartlaub's Duck; kanelisorsa) | `--+-- Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758) Fleming, 1822 (Muscovy Duck; myskisorsa) | `-- Asarcornis scutulata (Müller, 1842) Salvadori, 1895 [Cairina scutulata (Müller, 1842) Livezey, 1996] (White-winged Duck; sumatransorsa) `--+--o Nettapodina Bonaparte, 1856 sensu Livezey, 1996 (Stout-billed wood ducks) | |-- Chenonetta jubata (Latham, 1802) Brandt, 1836 (Maned Duck; lyijysorsa) | `-- Nettapus Brandt, 1836 (Pygmy-geese; kääpiösorsat) `--o Anatina Leach, 1820 (Dabbling ducks; sorsat) |--o Amazonetta Boetticher, 1929 (Micro-teals) [“supergenus”] | |-- Callonetta leucophrys (Vieillot, 1816) Delacour, 1936 (Ringed Teal; pisamatavi) | `-- Amazonetta brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1789) Boetticher, 1929 (Brazilian Teal; amazoniantavi) `--+--o Lophonetta Riley, 1914 [“supergenus”] | |-- Speculanas specularis (King, 1828) Boetticher, 1929 (Bronze-winged Duck; sepelsorsa) | `-- Lophonetta specularioides (King, 1828) Riley, 1914 (Crested Duck; tukkasorsa) `--o Anas Linnaeus 1758 sensu Livezey, 1996 (True dabbling ducks) [“supergenus”] |?- †“Anas” pachyscelus Wetmore, 1960 (Bermuda Duck; (bermudansorsa) `--+-- Mareca Stephens, 1824 (Wigeons; haapanat) `-- Anas Linnaeus, 1758 (Typical dabbling ducks; sorsat)
With species:
<==o Anatidae Leach, 1820 sensu Livezey, 1996 (ducks, geese, swans; sorsat, hanhet, joutsenet) |--o Dendrocygninae Reichenbach, 1849-1850 sensu Livezey, 1996 (Whistling-ducks and allies; viheltäjäsorsat) | |--o Thalassornis leuconotus Eyton, 1838 [Thalassornithini Livezey, 1986 sensu Livezey, 1996] (White-backed Duck; valkoselkäsorsa) | | |-- T. l. insularis Richmond, 1897 | | `-- T. l. leuconotus Eyton, 1838 | `--o Dendrocygnini Reichenbach, 1849-1850 sensu Livezey, 1996 (whistling-ducks; viheltäjäsorsat) | `--o Dendrocygna Swainson, 1837 (viheltäjäsorsat) | |--o (Lamprocygna) Boetticher, 1949 | | |-- D. (L.) viduata (Linnaeus, 1766) (White-faced Whistling-Duck; valkonaamaviheltäjäsorsa) | | `--o D. (L.) autumnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Black-bellied Whistling-Duck; punaviheltäjäsorsa) | | |-- D. (L.) a. autumnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) | | `-- D. (L.) a. fulgens Friedmann, 1947 | `--o (Dentrocygna) Swainson, 1837 | |--o (Nesocygna) Boetticher, 1949 | | |-- D. (D.) (N.) guttata Schlegel, 1866 (Spotted Whistling-Duck; täpläviheltäjäsorsa) | | `-- D. (D.) (N.) arborea (Linnaeus, 1758) (West Indian Whistling-Duck; karibianviheltäjäsorsa) | `--o (Dentrocygna) Swainson, 1837 | |-- D. (D.) (D.) bicolor (Viellot, 1816) (Fulvous Whistling-Duck; ruskoviheltäjäsorsa) | |-- D. (D.) (D.) eytoni (Eyton, 1838) (Plumed Whistling-Duck; sirppiviheltäjäsorsa) | `--+-- D. (D.) (D.) javanica (Horsfield, 1821) (Lesser Whistling-Duck; intianviheltäjäsorsa) | `--o D. (D.) (D.) arcuata (Horsfield, 1824) (Wandering Whistling-Duck; suomuviheltäjäsorsa) | |-- D. (D.) (D.) a. arcuata (Horsfield, 1824) | |-- D. (D.) (D.) a. australis Reichenbach, 1850 | `-- D. (D.) (D.) a. pygmaea Mayr, 1945 `--+?-o †Dendrocheninae Livezey & Martin, 1988 | |--o †Dendrochen Miller, 1944 | | |-- †D. sp. 1 | | |-- †D. sp. 2 | | `-- †D. robusta Miller, 1944 | `--o †Mionetta Livezey & Martin, 1988 | |-- †M. blanchardi (Milne-Edwards, 1863) | |-- †M. consobrina (Milne-Edwards, 1867) | `-- †M. natator (Milne-Edwards, 1867) `--+--o Anserinae Vigors, 1825 sensu Livezey, 1996 (geese & swans; hanhet & joutsenet) | |--o Cereopsis novaehollandiae Latham, 1802 [Cereopsini Vigors, 1825] (Cape Barren Goose; tuhkahanhi) | | |-- C. n. grisea (Vieillot, 1818) | | `-- C. n. novaehollandiae Latham, 1802 | `--+?-o †Thambetochenini Livezey, 1996 (moa-nalo's; moa-nalot) | | |-- †Chelychelynechen quassus Olson & James, 1991 (Turtle-billed Moa-nalo; kilpikonnanleukasorsa) | | `--+-- †Ptaiochen pau Olson & James, 1991 (short-billed moa-nalo; lyhytnokkainen moa-nalo) | | `--o †Thambetochen Olson & Wetmore, 1976 (moa-nalot) | | |-- †T. chauliodous Olson & Wetmore, 1976 (Greater moa-nalo; isomoa-nalo) | | `-- †T. xanion Olson & James, 1991 (Oahu Moa-nalo; oahunmoa-nalo) | |--o Anserini Vigors, 1825 sensu Livezey, 1996 (geese; hanhet) | | |--o Anser Brisson, 1760 (Pale-breasted geese; harmaahanhet) | | | |-- †A. arizonae Bickart, 1990 | | | |-- †A. thompsoni Martin & Mengel, 1980 | | | |-- †A. pratensis (Short, 1970) [Heterochen pratensis] | | | |--o (Anser) Brisson, 1760 sensu Livezey, 1996 | | | | |--+-- A. (A.) cygnoides (Linnaeus, 1758) (Swan Goose; joutsenhanhi) | | | | | `--+--+-- A. (A.) brachyrhynchus Baillon, 1834 (Pink-footed Goose; lyhytnokkahanhi) | | | | | | |?-o A. (A.) serrirostris Swinhoe, 1871 [?non (Gould, 1852)] (Tundra bean goose) [ssp. A. fabalis??] | | | | | | | |-- A. (A.) s. rossicus Buturlin, 1933 | | | | | | | `-- A. (A.) s. serrirostris Swinhoe, 1871 | | | | | | `--o A. (A.) fabalis (Latham, 1787) (Taiga bean goose; metsähanhi) | | | | | | |-- A. (A.) f. fabalis (Latham, 1787) | | | | | | |-- A. (A.) f. johanseni Delacour, 1951 | | | | | | `-- A. (A.) f. middendorffii Severtzov, 1873 | | | | | `--+-- A. (A.) anser (Linnaeus, 1758) (Greylag Geese; merihanhi) | | | | | `-- A. (A.) rubrirostris Swinhoe, 1871 (Eastern Greylag Goose; itäinen merihanhi) [ssp. A. anser rubrirostris Swinhoe, 1871 sensu Livezay, 1996] | | | | `--+-- A. (A.) erythropus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lesser White-fronted Goose; kiljuhanhi) | | | | `--o A. (A.) albifrons (Scopoli, 1769) (Greater White-fronted Goose; tundrahanhi) | | | | |-- A. (A.) a. albifrons (Scopoli, 1769) | | | | |-- A. (A.) a. elgasi Delacour & Ripley, 1975 | | | | |-- A. (A.) a. flavirostris Dalgety & P Scott, 1948 | | | | |-- A. (A.) a. gambelli Hartlaub, 1852 | | | | `-- A. (A.) a. sponsa Banks, 2011 | | | `--o (Chen) Boie, 1822 | | | |-- A. (C.) indicus (Latham, 1790) (Bar-headed Goose; intianhanhi) | | | `--+-- A. (C.) canagicus (Sevastianov, 1802) [Anser canagica] (Emperor Goose; beringinhanhi) | | | `--+-- A. (C.) rossii Cassin, 1861 (Ross's goose) | | | `--o A. (C.) caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) (lumihanhi) | | | |-- A. (C.) c. atlanticus (Kennard, 1927) | | | `-- A. (C.) c. caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) | | `--o Branta Scopoli, 1769 (Brant (dark-breasted) geese; kirjohanhet) | | |-- †B. woolfendeni (Bickart, 1990) | | |--o (Leucoblepharon) Baird, 1858 | | | |--o B. (L.) canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Canada Goose; kanadanhanhi) | | | | |-- B. (L.) c. canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic Canada Goose) | | | | |-- B. (L.) c. fulva Delacour, 1951 | | | | |-- B. (L.) c. interior Todd, 1938 | | | | |-- B. (L.) c. maxima Delacour, 1951 | | | | |-- B. (L.) c. moffitti Aldrich, 1946 (Giant Canada Goose) | | | | |-- B. (L.) c. occidentalis (Baird, 1858) (Dusky Canada Goose) | | | | `-- B. (L.) c. parvipes (Cassin, 1852) | | | |--o B. (L.) hutchinsii (Richardson, 1832) (Cackling Goose) | | | | |-- †B. (L.) h. asiatica Aldrich, 1946 | | | | |-- B. (L.) h. hutchinsii (Richardson, 1832) (Lesser Cackling Goose) | | | | |-- B. (L.) h. leucopareia (Brandt, 1836) (Aleutian Cackling Goose) | | | | |-- B. (L.) h. minima Ridgway, 1885 (Cackling Goose) | | | | `-- B. (L.) h. taverneri Delacour, 1951 | | | `--+?- †B. (L.) rhuax (Wetmore, 1943) [Geochen rhuax Wetmore, 1943; Branta sp. undescr., (Olson & James, 1991)] (Very large Hawai'i goose) | | | |-- †B. (L.) hylobadistes Olson & James, 1991 (nene-nui; greater nene) | | | `-- B. (L.) sandvicensis (Vigors, 1834) (nene, havaijinhanhi) | | `--+--o (Branta) Scopoli, 1769 | | | |?- B. (B.) hrota (Müller, 1776) (pale-bellied brant) [Branta bernicla hrota (Müller, 1776)] | | | `--o B. (B.) bernicla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dark-bellied Brant; sepelhanhi) | | | |-- B. b. bernicla (Linnaeus, 1758) | | | `-- B. b. nigricans (Lawrence, 1846) | | `--o (Leucopareia) Reichenbach, 1853 | | |-- B. (L.) leucopsis (Bechstein, 1803) (Barnacle Goose; valkoposkihanhi) | | `-- B. (L.) ruficollis (Pallas, 1769) (Red-breasted Goose; punakaulahanhi) | `--o Cygnini Vigors, 1825 sensu Livezey, 1996 (swans; joutsenet) | |?- †Archaeocygnus lacustris De Vis, 1905; Pleist. Aust. | |-- Coscoroba coscoroba (Molina, 1782) Reichenbach, 1853 [Coscorobina Boetticher, 1936-1938 sensu Livezey, 1996] (Coscoroba Swan; ankkajoutsen) | `--o Cygnina Vigors, 1825 sensu Livezey, 1996 (True Swans; joutsenet) | |-- †Afrocygnus chauvireae Louchart, Vignaud, Likius, Mackaye & Brunet, 2005; U.Mioc.-L.Plioc. CAf. | `--o Cygnus Garsault, 1764 (non? Bechstein, 1803) (Swans; joutsenet) | |?- †C. hibbardi Brodkorb, 1958; ?L.Plioc. NA. | |?- †C. verae Boev, 2000; L.Plioc. EEu. | |--o (Chenopis) Wagler, 1823 (Australasian swans; oceanilaiset joutsenet) | | |-- † C. (C.) sp. Pleist. Aust. | | |-- C. (C.) atratus (Latham, 1790) (black swan; mustajoutsen) | | |-- †C. (C.) sumnerensis (Forbes, 1890) sensu Holdaway et al, 2001 [incl. †Cygnus chathamensis Oliver, 1955] [= Cygnus atratus; Worthy, 1998] (New Zealand swan; uudenseelanninjoutsen) | | `-- C. (C.) melancoryphus (Molina, 1782) [C. melanocorypha] (black-necked swan; mustakaulajoutsen) | `--+--o (Cygnus) Garsault, 1764 (non? Bechstein, 1803) (mute swans; kyhmyjoutsenet) | | |-- †C. (C.) atavus (Fraas, 1870); Mlíkovský, 1992; M.Mioc. CEu. | | |-- †C. (C.) paloregonus Cope, 1878; Pleist. CNA. | | |-- †C. (C.) equitum Bate, 1916; M.Pleist. SEu. [<Malta & Sicily>] (dwarf maltese swan) | | `--o C. (C.) olor (Gmelin, 1789) [incl. Cygnus pristinus Kurochkin, 1971 (sensu Mlíkovský & Svek, 1986)] (mute swan; kyhmyjoutsen) | | |-- † C. (C.) o. bergmanni Serebrovsky, 1940; Pleist. CAs. | | `-- C. (C.) o. olor | `--o (Olor) Wagler, 1832 (Tundra swans; laulujoutsenet) | |-- †C. (O.) mariae Bickart, 1990; U.Mioc. CNA. | |-- †C. (O.) csakvarensis (Lambrecht, 1933); Mlíkovský, 1992 [†Cygnanser csakvarensis (Lambrecht, 1933)] U.Mioc. CEu. | |-- †C. (O.) falconeri Parker, 1865; M.Pleist. SEu. [<Malta & Sicily>] (giant maltese swan) | |-- †C. (O.) liskunae (Kurochkin, 1976); M.Plioc. CAs. | |-- C. (O.) buccinator Richardson, 1831 (Trumpeter swan; tumpettijoutsen) | `--+-- C. (O.) columbianus (Ord, 1815); L.Plioc.-R. NA., R. Eu. As. (Whistling Swan; pikkujoutsen) | `--+-- C. (O.) bewickii Yarrell, 1830 (Bewick's Swan) [ssp. => C. columbianus bewickii sensu Carboneras, 1992; Peterson, 2017] | `-- C. (O.) cygnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Whooper Swan; laulujoutsen) `--+-- Stictonetta naevosa (Gould, 1841) Reichenbach, 1853 [Stictonettinae (Boetticher, 1950)] (freckled duck; tuhkasorsa) `--+--o Tadorninae Reichenbach, 1849 sensu Livezey, 1996 (Shelducks and allies; ristisorsat ja sukulaiset) | |--o Plectropterini Eyton, 1838 sensu Livezey, 1996 (Pied shelducks; kannushanhet ja sukulaiset) | | |--o Plectropterus gambensis Stephens, 1824 (Spurwinged Goose; kannushanhi) | | | |-- P. g. gambensis (Linnaeus, 1766) | | | `-- P. g. niger PL Sclater, 1877 | | `--o Sarkidiornis Eyton, 1838 (Comb-ducks; kyhmysorsat) | | |-- S. melanotos (Pennant, 1769) (Gray-sided Comb-Duck) | | `-- S. sylvicola H Ihering & R Ihering, 1907 (Black-sided Comb-Duck) | `--+?- †Euryanas finschi (Van Beneden, 1875) Oliver, 1930 [Euryanatini Livezey, 1989] (finsch's duck) | |--o Merganettini (Bonaparte, 1853) sensu Livezey, 1996 (Torrent-ducks and allies; koskisorsat ja sukulaiset) | | |-- Hymenolaimus malacorhynchus (Gmelin, 1789) GR Gray, 1843 (Blue Duck; vuorisorsa) | | `--+--o Merganetta armata Gould, 1875 (Torrent-duck; koskisorsa) | | | |-- M. a. armata Gould, 1842 (Southern Torrent-Duck) | | | |-- M. a. berlepschi Hartert, 1909 | | | |-- M. a. colombiana Des Murs, 1845 (Colombian Torrent-Duck) | | | |-- M. a. garleppi Berlepsch, 1894 (Bolivian Torrent-Duck) | | | |-- M. a. leucogenis (Tschudi, 1843) (Peruvian Torrent-Duck) | | | `-- M. a. turneri Sclater & Salvin, 1869 (Turner's Torrent-Duck) | | `--o Tachyeres Owen, 1875 (Steamer-ducks; viuhtojat) | | |-- T. patachonicus (King, 1831) (Flying Steamer-Duck; pilkkaviuhtoja) | | |-- T. pteneres (Forster, 1844) (Magellanic Flightless Steamer-Duck; isoviuhtojat) | | |-- T. brachypterus (Latham) 1790) (Falkland Flightless Steamer-Duck; tyrskyviuhtoja) | | `-- T. leucocephalus Humphrey & MC Thompson, 1981 (White-headed Flightless Steamer-Duck; valkopääviuhtoja) | `--o Tatornini Reichenbach, 1849 sensu Livezey, 1996 (True shelducks and sheldgeese; ristisorsat) | |?- †Centrornis majori Andrews, 1897 (Greater Malagasy sheldgoose; isomadagaskarinhansu) | |--o †Anabernicula Ross, 1935 (Pygmy sheldgeese; kääpiöhansut) | | |?- †A.? robusta Short, 1970 | | `--+-- †A. minuscula (Wetmore, 1924) | | `--+-- †A. oregonensis Howard, 1964b | | `-- †A. gracilenta Ross, 1935 | `--+--o Chleophagina Boetticher, 1942 sensu Livezey, 1996 (hansut) | | |-- Cyanochen cyanopterus (Rüppell, 1845) Bonaparte, 1856 (Blue-winged Sheldgoose; etiopianhansu) | | `--+--o Alopochen Stejneger, 1885 [Chenalopex Stephens, 1824 (non Vieillot, 1818); Mascarenochen Cowles, 1994; Proanser Umans'ka 1979a; Anserobranta Kurockin & Ganya, 1972] (afrikanhansut) | | | |-- A. aegyptiacus (Linnaeus, 1766) (African Sheldgoose; afrikanhansut) | | | |-- †A. sirabensis (Andrews, 1897) [Chenalopex sirabensis Andrews, Alopochen mauritianus sirabensis] (Lesser Malagasy sheldgoose; madagaskarinhansu) | | | |-- †A. mauritianus (E Newton & Gadow, 1893) (mauritaanienhansu) | | | |-- †A. kervazoi (Cowles, 1994) Mourer-Chauviré et al. 1999 [Mascarenochen kervazoi Cowles, 1994] (Réunion sheldgoose; Kervazo's Egyptian goose) | | | `-- †A. tarabukini (Kurockin & Ganea, 1972) Mlíkovský 2002 [Anserobranta tarabukini Kurockin & Ganya, 1972] | | |--o Neochen Oberholser, 1918 (amazonianhansut) | | | |-- N. jubata (Spix, 1825) (Orinoco Sheldgoose; amazonianhansu) | | | `-- †N. pugil (Winge, 1888) [Chenalopex pugil Winge, 1888] (Greater Orinoco Sheldgoose; isoamatsonianhansu) | | `--o Chloephaga Eyton, 1838 (Neotropical sheldgeese; hansut) | | |-- (Oressochen Bannister, 1870) melanoptera (Eyton, 1838) (Andean Sheldgoose; andienhansu) | | `--o (Chloephaga) Eyton, 1838. | | |--o C. (C.) (Chloephaga Eyton, 1838) picta (Gmelin, 1789) (Upland Sheldgoose; valkopäähansu) | | | |-- C. (C.) p. leucoptera (Gmelin, 1789) | | | `-- C. (C.) p. picta (Gmelin, 1789) | | |--o C. (C.) (Taenidiestes Reichenbach, 1853) hybrida (Molina, 1782) (Kelp Sheldgoose; tulimaanhansu) | | | |-- C. (C.) h. hybrida (Molina, 1782) | | | `-- C. (C.) h. malvinarum JC Phillips, 1916 | | `--o (Chloetrophus) Bannister, 1870 (Hooded sheldgeese) | | |-- C. (C.) (C.) poliocephala Sclater, 1857 (Ashy-headed Sheldgoose; harmaapäähansu) | | `-- C. (C.) (C.) rubidiceps Sclater, 1861 (Ruddy-headed Sheldgoose; punapäähansu) | `--o Tadornina Reichenbach, 1849 sensu Livezey, 1996 (Shelducks; ristisorsat) | |?- †Balcanas pliocaenica | `--o Tadorna Oken, 1817 sensu Peterson, 2017 [?non Boie, 1822] (Shelducks; ristisorsat) | |--o Tadorna Oken, 1817 (Shelducks; ristisorsat) | | |-- T. tadorna (Linnaeus, 1758) (Shelduck; ristisorsa) | | `--o T. radjah (Garnot & Lesson, 1828) (Radjah shelduck; palmusorsa) | | |-- T. r. radjah (Garnot & Lesson, 1828) | | `-- T. r. rufitergum Hartert, 1905 | `--o Casarca Bonaparte, 1838 [Tadorna] (Unbanded shelducks) | |--o (Casarca) Bonaparte, 1838 (Reddish shelducks) | | |-- C. (C.) ferruginea (Pallas, 1764) (Ruddy shelduck; ruostesorsa) | | `-- C. (C.) cana (Gmelin, 1789) (Cape Shelduck; kapinsorsa) | `--o (Pseudotadorna) Kuroda, 1917 (Blackish shelducks) | |-- C. (P.) tadornoides (Jardine & Selby, 1828) (Australian Shelduck; australiansorsa) | |-- C. (P.) variegata (Gmelin, 1789) (Paradise Shelduck; paratiisisorsa) | `-- †C. (P.) cristata (Kuroda, 1917) (Crested shelduck; amurinsorsa) `--o Anatinae Leach, 1820 sensu Livezey, 1996 (ducks; sorsat) |--o Malacorhynchini (Boetticher, 1950) | |-- Salvadorina waigiuensis Rothschild & Hartert, 1894 (Salvadori's Duck; viirusorsa) | `--o Malacorhynchus Swainson, 1831 (Pink-eared Ducks) | |-- M. membranaceus (Latham, 1802) (Australian Pink-eared Duck; liuskanokkasorsa) | `-- †M. scarletti (Olson, 1977) (New Zealand Pink-eared Duck; Scarlett's duck) |--o Aythyini Delacour & Mayr, 1945 (Pochards; sotkat) | |-- Marmaronetta angustirostris (Menetries, 1832) Reichenbach, 1853 [Marmaronettina Livezey, 1996] (Marbled Duck; marmorisorsa) | `--+--o Rhodonessina Boetticher, 1950 sensu Livezey, 1996 (Stem pochards; narskut) | | |--o Netta Kaup, 1829 (punapäänarskut) | | | |-- N. (Netta Kaup, 1829) rufina (Pallas, 1773) (Red-crested Pochard; punapäänarsku) | | | `-- †N. (Rhodonessa Reichenbach, 1853) caryophyllacea (Latham, 1790) (Pink-headed Pochard; ruusupääsorsa) | | `--o Metopiana Bonaparte, 1856 | | |-- N. (M.) (Metopiana) peposaca (Vieillot, 1816) (Rosy-billed Pochard; kyhmynarsku) | | `--o N. (M.) (Phaenoaythia) erythrophthalma (Wied-Neuwied, 1833) (Southern Pochard; ruskonarsku) | | |-- N. (M.) (P.) e. brunnea (Eyton, 1838) | | `-- N. (M.) (P.) e. erythrophthalma (Wied-Neuwied, 1833) | `--o Aythyina Delacour & Mayr, 1945 sensu Livezey, 1996) [Aythya Boie sensu Peterson, 2017] (True pochards; sotkat) | |--o Aristonetta Baird, 1858 (Red-headed pochards; punasotkat) | | |-- A. valisineria (Wilson, 1814) (Canvasback; isosotka) | | `--+-- A. ferina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Eurasian Pochard; punasotka) | | `-- A. americana (Eyton, 1838) (Redhead; amerikanpunasotka) | `--o Aythya Boie, 1822 (Typical pochards; sotkat) | |--o (Nyroca) Fleming, 1822 (White-eyed pochards) | | |--o A. (N.) australis (Eyton, 1838) (Australian White-eyed Pochard; australiansotka) | | | |-- A. (N.) a. australis (Eyton, 1838) | | | `-- A. (N.) a. extima Mayr, 1940 | | |-- A. (N.) innotata (Salvadori, 1894) (Madagascan White-eyed Pochard; madagaskarinsotka) | | `--+-- A. (N.) nyroca (Guldenstadt, 1770) (Ferruginous White-eyed Pochard; ruskosotka) | | `-- A. (N.) baeri (Radde, 1863) (Siberian White-eyed Pochard; kiinansotka) | `--o (Aythya) Boie, 1822 (Scaup) | |-- A. (A.) novaeseelandiae (Gmelin, 1789) (New Zealand Scaup; uudenseelanninsotka; papango) | `--+-- A. (A.) collaris (Donovan, 1809) (Ring-necked Scaup; amerikantukkasotka) | `--+-- A. (A.) fuligula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Tufted Scaup; tukkasotka) | `--+-- A. (A.) affinis (Eyton, 1838) (Lesser Scaup; piiskulapasotka) | `--o A. (A.) marila (Linnaeus, 1761) (Greater Scaup; lapasotka) | |-- A. (A.) m. marila (Linnaeus, 1761) | `-- A. (A.) m. nearctica Stejneger, 1885 |--o Mergini Rafinesque, 1815 (or Swainson, 1831) (Seaducks; sukeltajasorsat) | |?-o †Chendytes Miller, 1925 [Chendytina Livezey, 1996b] | | |-- †C. lawi Miller, 1925 | | `-- †C. milleri Howard, 1955 | |--o Somanterina Reichenbach, 1849-1850 sensu Livezey, 1996b (Eiders; haahkat) | | |-- Polysticta stelleri (Pallas, 1769) Eyton, 1836 (Steller's Eider; allihaahka) | | `--o Somateria Leach, 1819 (Greater eiders; haahkat) | | |?- †S. sp. [Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina] [Olson & Rasmussen, 2001] | | |-- S. (Lampronetta Brandt, 1847) fischeri (Brandt, 1847) (Spectacled Eider; silmälasihaahka) | | `--o (Somateria) Leach, 1819 | | |-- S. (S.) spectabilis (Linnaeus, 1758) (King Eider; kyhmyhaahka) | | `--o S. (S.) mollissima (Linnaeus, 1758) (Common Eider; haahka) | | |-- S. (S.) m. borealis (Brehm, 1824) (Northern Eider) | | |-- S. (S.) m. dresseri Sharpe, 1871 [incl. sedentaria Snyder, 1941] (Canada Eider) | | |?- S. (S.) m. faeroeensis Brehm, 1831 | | |-- S. (S.) m. mollissima (Linnaeus, 1758) [incl. islandica Brehm, 1831; faeroeensis Brehm, 1831] (European Eider; haahka) | | |?- S. (S.) m. sedentaria Snyder, 1941 | | `-- S. (S.) m. v-nigrum Bonaparte & Gray, 1855 (Pacific Eider) | `--o Mergina Rafinesque, 1815 (or Swainson, 1831) (Typical seaducks; sukeltajasorsat) | |--o Histrionicus Lesson, 1828 [“supergenus”] | | `--o Histrionicus Lesson, 1828 [†Ocyplonessa Brodkorb, 1961] (virta-allit) | | |-- †H. shotwelli (Brodkorb, 1961) [†Ocyplonessa Brodkorb, 1961] | | `-- H. histrionicus (Linnaeus, 1758) [Anas histrionicus Linnaeus, 1758; incl. †Melanitta ceruttii Chandler, 1990a] (Harlequin Duck; virta-alli) | `--+--o Melanitta Boie, 1822 (Scoters and allies) [“supergenus”] | | |-- †Camptorhynchus labradorius (Gmelin, 1789) Bonaparte, 1838 (Labrador Duck; labradorinsorsa) | | `--o Melanitta Boie, 1822 (Scoters; mustalinnut) | | |--o (Oidemia)Fleming, 1822 (Black scoters) | | | |-- M. (O.) americana (Swainson, 1832) (American Black Scoter; amerikanmustalintu) | | | `-- M. (O.) nigra (Linnaeus, 1758) (Eurasian Black Scoter; mustalintu) | | `--o (Melanitta) Boie, 1822 | | |-- M. (M.) perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Surf Scoter; pilkkaniska) | | |-- M. (M.) fusca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Velvet Scoter; pilkkasiipi) | | `--o M. deglandi (Bonaparte, 1850) (White-winged Scoter) | | |-- M. d. deglandi (Bonaparte, 1850) | | `-- M. d. stejnegeri (Ridgway, 1887) | `--o Mergus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mergansers and allies) [“supergenus”] | |-- Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Leach, 1819 (Long-tailed Duck; alli) | `--+--+-- Margellus albellus (Linnaeus, 1758) Selby, 1840 (Smew; uivelo) | | `--o Bucephala Baird, 1858 (Goldeneyes; telkät) | | |-- B. (Bucephala) albeola (Linnaeus, 1758) [incl. †B. fossilis Howard, 1963] (Bufflehead; pikkutelkkä) | | `--o (Glaucionetta) Stejneger, 1885 (isotelkät) | | |-- B. (G.) islandica (Gmelin, 1789) (Barrow's Goldeneye; amerikantelkkä) | | `--o B. (G.) clangula (Linnaeus, 1758) [incl. †B. ossivallis Brodkorb, 1955] (Common Goldeneye; telkkä) | | |-- B. (G.) c. americana (Bonaparte, 1838) | | `-- B. (G.) c. clangula (Linnaeus, 1758) | `-+-- Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Reichenbach, 1853 (Hooded Merganser; harjakoskelo) | `--o Mergus Linnaeus, 1758 (koskelot) | |?- †M. miscellus | |-- †M. (Promergus Mathews & Iredale, 1913) australis Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841 (Auckland Islands Merganser; uudenseelanninkoskelo) | `--+-- M. (Prister Heine, 1890) octosetaceus Vieillot, 1817 (Brazilian Merganser; brasiliankoskelo) | `--o (Mergus) Linnaeus, 1758 (Greater mergansers: isokoskelot) | |--o M. (M.) merganser Linnaeus, 1758 (Common Merganser; isokoskelo) | | |-- M. (M.) m. americanus Cassin, 1852 | | |-- M. (M.) m. merganser Linnaeus, 1758 | | `-- M. (M.) m. orientalis Gould, 1845 | `--+-- M. (M.) serrator Linnaeus, 1758 [incl. schioeleri Salomonsen, 1949] (Red-breasted Merganser; tukkakoskelo) | `-- M. (M.) squamatus Gould, 1864 (Chinese Merganser; amurinkoskelo) |--o Oxyurini (viuhkasorsat ja sukulaiset) | |-- Heteronetta atricapilla (Merrem, 1841) Salvadori, 1865 [Heteronettina Boetticher, 1950 sensu Livezey, 1996b] (Black- headed Duck; loissorsa) | `--o Oxyurina Phillips, 1926 sensu Livezey, 1996b (Stiff-tailed ducks; viuhkasorsat) | |--o Nomonyx Ridgway, 1880 [“supergenus”??] | | `-- Nomonyx dominicus (Linnaeus, 1766) Ridgway, 1880 (Masked Duck; naamioviuhkasorsa) | `--o Oxyura Bonaparte, 1828 (Typical stiff-tailed ducks) [“supergenus”??] | |--o Biziura Stephens, 1824 (Musk-ducks; helttasorsat) | | |-- †B. delautouri Forbes, 1892 (New Zealand Musk-Duck) | | `--o B. lobata (Shaw, 1796) (Australian Musk-Duck; helttasorsa) | | |-- B. l. lobata (Shaw, 1796) | | `-- B. l. menziesi Mathews, 1914 | `--o Oxyura Bonaparte, 1828 (Ruddy (blue-billed) ducks; viuhkasorsat) | |--o (Oxyura) jamaicensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Northern Ruddy Duck; kupariviuhkasorsa) | | |-- O. (O.) j. jamaicensis (Gmelin, 1789) | | `-- O. (O.) j. rubida (Wilson, 1814) | `--o (Cerconectes) Wagler, 1832 | |--+-- O. (C.) ferruginea (Eyton, 1838) (Peruvian Ruddy Duck; Andean duck) | | `--+-- O. (C.) vittata (Philippi, 1860) (Argentine Ruddy Duck; argentiinanviuhkasorsa) | | `-- O. (C.) australis Gould, 1837 (Blue-billed Duck; australianviuhkasorsa) | `--+-- O. (C.) maccoa (Eyton, 1838) (Maccoa Duck; afrikanviuhkasorsa) | `-- O. (C.) leucocephala (Scopoli, 1769) (White-headed Duck; viuhkasorsa) `--o Anatini Leach, 1820 sensu Livezey, 1996 (ducks; sorsat) |--o Cairina Boetticher, 1936-1938 sensu Livezey, 1996 (Long-billed wood ducks) | |--o Aix Boie, 1828 [“supergenus”] | | `--o Aix Boie, 1828 (Northern wood ducks; mandariinisorsat) | | |-- A. sponsa (Linnaeus, 1758) (American Wood Duck; morsiosorsa) | | `-- A. galericulata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mandarin Duck; mandariinisorsa) | `--o Cairina Fleming, 1822 (Greater wood ducks) [“supergenus”] | |-- Pteronetta hartlaubii (Cassin, 1860) Salvadori, 1895 (Hartlaub's Duck; kanelisorsa) | `--+-- Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758) Fleming, 1822 (Muscovy Duck; myskisorsa) | `-- Asarcornis scutulata (Müller, 1842) Salvadori, 1895 [Cairina scutulata (Müller, 1842) Livezey, 1996] (White-winged Duck; sumatransorsa) `--+--o Nettapodina Bonaparte, 1856 sensu Livezey, 1996 (Stout-billed wood ducks) | |-- Chenonetta jubata (Latham, 1802) Brandt, 1836 (Maned Duck; lyijysorsa) | `--o Nettapus Brandt, 1836 (Pygmy-geese; kääpiösorsat) | |-- N. (Nettapus) auritus (Boddaert, 1783) (African Pygmy-goose; afrikankääpiösorsat) | `--o (Cheniscus) Eyton, 1838 (Pale-rumped pygmy-geese) | |-- N. (C.) pulchellus Gould, 1842 (Green Pygmy-goose; australiankääpiösorsa) | `--o N. (C.) coromandelianus (Gmelin, 1789) (Cotton Pygmy-goose; aasiankääpiösorsa) | |-- N. (C.) c. albipennis Gould, 1842 | `-- N. (C.) c. coromandelianus (Gmelin, 1789) `--o Anatina Leach, 1820 (Dabbling ducks; sorsat) |--o Amazonetta Boetticher, 1929 (Micro-teals) [“supergenus”] | |-- Callonetta leucophrys (Vieillot, 1816) Delacour, 1936 (Ringed Teal; pisamatavi) | `--o Amazonetta brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1789) Boetticher, 1929 (Brazilian Teal; amazoniantavi) | |-- A. b. brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1789) | `-- A. b. ipecutiri (Vieillot, 1816) `--+--o Lophonetta Riley, 1914 [“supergenus”] | |-- Speculanas specularis (King, 1828) Boetticher, 1929 (Bronze-winged Duck; sepelsorsa) | `--o Lophonetta specularioides (King, 1828) Riley, 1914 (Crested Duck; tukkasorsa) | |-- L. s. alticola (Menegaux, 1909) | `-- L. s. specularioides (King, 1828) `--o Anas Linnaeus 1758 sensu Livezey, 1996 (True dabbling ducks) [“supergenus”] |?- †“Anas” pachyscelus Wetmore, 1960 (Bermuda Duck; (bermudansorsa) `--+--o Mareca Stephens, 1824 (Wigeons; haapanat) | |?- †M. marecula (Olson & Jouventin, 1996) [Anas marecula Olson & Jouventin, 1996] (Amsterdam Island Duck; amsterdamsaartensorsa) | |-- M. (Notonetta Roberts, 1922) capensis (Gmelin, 1789) [Anas capensis Gmelin, 1789; Peterson, 2017] (Cape Teal; täplätavi) | `--+--o M. (Chaulelasmus Bonaparte, 1838) strepera (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gadwalls; harmaasorsa) | | |-- †M. s. couesi (Streets, 1876) (ashington Island Gadwall) | | `-- M. s. strepera (Linnaeus, 1758) (Common Gadwall) | `--+-- M. (Eunetta Bonaparte, 1856) falcata (Georgi, 1775) (Falcated Duck; sirppisorsa) | `--o (Mareca) Stephens, 1824 (Typical wigeons) | |-- M. (M.) sibilatrix Poeppig, 1829 (Chiloé Wigeon; patagonianhaapana) | `--+-- M. (M.) penelope (Linnaeus, 1758) (Eurasian Wigeon; haapana) | `-- M. (M.) americana (Gmelin, 1789) (American Wigeon; amerikanhaapana) `--o Anas Linnaeus, 1758 (Typical dabbling ducks; sorsat) |?- †A. bunkeri (Wetmore 1944) |--+--o (Anas) Linnaeus, 1758 | | |--o A. (Melananas Roberts, 1922) sparsa Eyton, 1838 (African Black Duck; pitsisorsa) | | | |-- A. (M.) s. leucostigma Ruppell, 1845 | | | `-- A. (M.) s. sparsa Eyton, 1838 | | `--+--o (Anas) Linnaeus, 1758 (Northern mallards; sinisorsat) | | | |-- A. (A.) (A.) rubripes Brewster, 1902 (American Black Duck; nokisorsa) | | | `--+-- A. (A.) (A.) diazi Ridgway, 1886 (Mexican Mallard; Mexican Duck) | | | |--o A. (A.) (A.) fulvigula Ridgway, 1874 (Mottled Duck; American Mallard; amerikansinisorsa) | | | | |-- A. (A.) (A.) f. fulvigula Ridgway, 1874 | | | | `-- A. (A.) (A.) f. maculosa Sennett, 1889 | | | `--+--o A. (A.) (A.) platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 (Mallard; sinisorsa) | | | | |-- A. (A.) (A.) p. conboschas Brehm, 1831 | | | | `-- A. (A.) (A.) p. platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 | | | |-- A. (A.) (A.) oustaleti Salvadori, 1894 (Marianas Duck; mariaaniensorsa) | | | `--+-- A. (A.) (A.) wyvilliana Sclater, 1878 (Hawaiian Duck; havaijinsorsa) | | | `-- A. (A.) (A.) laysanensis Rothschild, 1892 (Laysan Duck; laysansaarensorsa) | | `--+--o (Polionetta) Oates, 1899 (South Pacific mallards; etelämerensorsat) | | | |-- A. (A.) (P.) luzonica Fraser, 1839 (Philippine Duck; filippiiniensorsa) | | | `--+--o A. (A.) (P.) superciliosa Gmelin, 1789 (Pacific Gray Duck; juovanaamasorsa) | | | | |-- A. (A.) (P.) s. pelewensis Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872 | | | | `-- A. (A.) (P.) s. superciliosa Gmelin, 1789 | | | `--+-- A. (A.) (P.) zonorhyncha Swinhoe, 1866 (Chinese Spot-billed Duck; Eastern Spot-billed Duck) | | | `--o A. (A.) (P.) poecilorhyncha Forster, 1781 (Indonesian Spot-billed Duck; täplänokkasorsa) | | | |-- A. (A.) (P.) p. haringtoni (Oates, 1907) | | | `-- A. (A.) (P.) p. poecilorhyncha Forster, 1781 | | `--o (Afranas) Roberts, 1922 (African mallards) | | |-- A. (A.) (A. melleri Sclater, 1865 (Meller's Duck; madagaskarinsorsa) | | `--o A. (A.) (A. undulata Dubois, 1838 (Yellow-billed Duck; keltanokkasorsa) | | |-- A. (A.) (A. u. ruppelli Blyth, 1855 | | `-- A. (A.) (A. u. undulata Dubois, 1838 | `--o (Spatula) Boie, 1828 (Blue-winged ducks) | |--o (Pterocygnea) Bonaparte, 1841 (Blue-winged teals) | | |-- A. (S.) (P.) discors (Linnaeus, 1766) [Spatula discors (Linnaeus, 1766) Peterson, 2017] (Blue-winged Teal; sinisiipitavi) | | `--o A. (S.) (P.) cyanoptera (Vieillot, 1816) [Spatula cyanoptera (Vieillot, 1816) Peterson, 2017] (Cinnamon Teal; punatavi) | | |-- A. (S.) (P.) c. borreroi (Snyder & Lumsden, 1951) | | |-- A. (S.) (P.) c. cyanoptera (Vieillot, 1816) | | |-- A. (S.) (P.) c. orinoma (Oberholser, 1906) | | |-- A. (S.) (P.) c. septentrionalium (Snyder & Lumsden, 1951) | | `-- A. (S.) (P.) c. tropica (Snyder & Lumsden, 1951) | `--o (Spatula) Boie, 1828 (Shovelers; lapasorsat) | |-- A. (S.) (S.) smithii (Hartert, 1891) [Spatula smithii Hartert, 1891; Peterson, 2017] (Cape Shoveler; kapinlapasorsa) | `--+-- A. (S.) (S.) platalea (Vieillot, 1816) [Spatula platalea (Vieillot, 1816) Peterson, 2017] (Red Shoveler; argentiinanlapasorsa) | `--+-- A. (S.) (S.) clypeata Linnaeus, 1758 [Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus, 1758) Peterson, 2017] (Northern Shoveler; lapasorsa) | `--o A. (S.) (S.) rhynchotis (Latham, 1802) [Spatula rhynchotis (Latham, 1802) Peterson, 2017] (Australasian Shoveler; australianlapasotka) | |-- A. (S.) (S.) r. rhynchotis (Latham, 1802) | `-- A. (S.) (S.) r. variegata (Gould, 1856) `--+--o (Nesonetta) Gray, 1844 (Australasian teal) | |--o (Virago) Newton, 1872 (Gray teals) | | |-- A. (N.) (V.) gibberifrons Müller, 1842 (Indonesian Gray Teal; suomutavi; tete) | | |-- A. (N.) (V.) albogularis (Hume, 1873) [A. gibberifrons albogularis] (Andaman Teal; andamansaartentavi) | | `--o (Nesonetta) Gray, 1844 (Reddish teals) | | |?- †A. (N.) (V.) (N.) sp. [<Macquarie Islands>] | | |--+-- A. (N.) (V.) (N.) castanea (Eyton, 1838) (Chestnut Tea; australiantavi) | | | `--o A. (N.) (V.) (N.) gracilis Buller, 1869 (Australasian Gray Teal; australiansuomutavi) | | | |-- A. (N.) (V.) (N.) g. gracilis Buller, 1869 | | | `-- †A. (N.) (V.) (N.) g. remissa Ripley, 1942 | | `--+-- A. (N.) (V.) (N.) bernieri (Hartlaub, 1860) (Madagascan Teal; madagaskarintavi) | | `--+-- †A. (N.) (V.) (N.) chathamica Oliver, 1955 [Pachyanas chathamica (Oliver, 1955)] (Chatham Island duck; chathamsaartensorsa) | | `--+-- A. (N.) (V.) (N.) chlorotis Gray, 1845 (Brown Teal) | | `--+-- A. (N.) (V.) (N.) aucklandica (Gray, 1844) (Auckland Islands Teal; uudenseelanninitavi) | | `-- A. (N.) (V.) (N.) nesiotis (Fleming, 1935) (Campbell Island Teal; campbellsaarentavi | `--o (Dafila) Stephens, 1824 (Pintails) | |--o (Paecilonetta) Eyton, 1838 (Pale-cheeked pintails) | | |-- A. (N.) (D.) (P.) erythrorhyncha Gmelin, 1789 (Red-billed Pintail; punanokkasorsa) | | `--o A. (N.) (D.) (P.) bahamensis Linnaeus, 1758 (White-cheeked Pintail; valkoposkisorsa) | | |-- A. (N.) (D.) (P.) b. bahamensis Linnaeus, 1758 | | |-- A. (N.) (D.) (P.) b. galapagensis (Ridgway, 1890) | | `-- A. (N.) (D.) (P.) b. rubrirostris Vieillot, 1816 | `--+--o (Dafilonettio) Boetticher, 1937 (Speckled teal) | | |--o A. (N.) (D.) (D.) flavirostris Vieillot, 1816 (Yellow-billed Teal; grey teal; harmaatavi) | | | |-- A. (N.) (D.) (D.) f. flavirostris Vieillot, 1816 | | | `-- A. (N.) (D.) (D.) f. oxyptera Meyen, 1834 | | `--o A. (N.) (D.) (D.) andium (Sclater & Salvin, 1873) (Andean Teal) | | |-- A. (N.) (D.) (D.) a. altipetens (Conover, 1941) | | `-- A. (N.) (D.) (D.) a. andium (Sclater & Salvin, 1873) | `--o (Dafila) Stephens, 1824 (Brown pintails) | |--o A. (N.) (D.) (D.) georgica Gmelin, 1789 (Brown pintail; suippopyrstösorsa) | | |-- A. (N.) (D.) (D.) g. georgica Gmelin, 1789 | | |-- †A. (N.) (D.) (D.) g. niceforoi Wetmore & Borrero, 1946 | | `-- A. (N.) (D.) (D.) g. spinicauda Vieillot, 1816 | `--+-- A. (N.) (D.) (D.) acuta Linnaeus, 1758 (Northern Pintail; jouhisorsa) | `--o A. (N.) (D.) (D.) eatoni (Sharpe, 1875) (Eaton's Pintail; Kerguel Islan Pintail; kerguelsaartenjouhisorsa) | |-- A. (N.) (D.) (D.) e. drygalskii Reichenow, 1904 | `-- A. (N.) (D.) (D.) e. eatoni (Sharpe, 1875) `--+--o (Querquedula) Stephens, 1824 (Holarctic teals) | |-- A. (Q.) (Querquedula Stephens, 1824) querquedula (Linnaeus, 1758) [Spatula querquedula (Linnaeus, 1758) Peterson, 2017] (Garganey Teal; heinätavi) | `--o (Nettion) Kaup, 1829 (Green-winged teals) | |?- †A. (Q.) (N.) theodori Newton & Gadow, 1893 [Mascarene teal; Sauzier's teal; Mauritian duck; mauritiuksensorsa) | |-- A. (Q.) (N.) formosa (Georgi, 1775) [Sibirionetta formosa (Georgi, 1775) Boetticher, 1929] (Baikal Teal; siperiantavi) | `--+-- A. (Q.) (N.) carolinensis Gmelin, 1789 (American Green-winged Teal)[ssp. A. crecca carolinensis] | `--o A. (Q.) (N.) crecca Linnaeus, 1758 (Eurasian Green-winged Teal; tavi) | |-- A. (Q.) (N.) c. crecca Linnaeus, 1758 | `-- A. (Q.) (N.) c. nimia Friedmann, 1948 `--o (Punanetta) Bonaparte, 1856 (Spotted teals) |--o (Punanetta) Bonaparte, 1856 (Pale-cheeked teals) | |-- A. (P.) (P.) puna (Tschudi, 1844) [Spatula puna (Tschudi, 1844) Peterson, 2017] (Puna Teal; punantavi) | `--o A. (P.) (P.) versicolor (Vieillot, 1816) [Spatula versicolor (Vieillot, 1816) Peterson, 2017] (Silver Teal; kalottitavi) | |-- A. (P.) (P.) v. fretensis (King, 1831) | `-- A. (P.) (P.) v. versicolor (Vieillot, 1816) `--o (Micronetta) Roberts, 1922 |-- A. (P.) (M.) hottentota (Eyton, 1838) [Querquedula hottentota Eyton, 1838; Anas hottentota (Eyton, 1838); Spatula hottentota (Eyton, 1838) Peterson, 2017] (Hottentot Teal; afrikantavi) `-- ?A. (P.) (M.) punctata Burchell, 1822 (pikkutavi) [senior synonym of Anas hottentota??]Anatidae incertae sedis:
†Cygnopterus alphonsi Cheneval, 1984; L.Mioc. WEu. [non Cygnavus senckenbergi Mlíkovský, 2002]
†Cygnopterus sp.
†Guguschia nailiae Aslanova & Burchak-Abramovitch, 1968; Olig. CAs.
†Megalodytes morejohni Howard, 1992; M.Mioc. WNA.
†Paracygnopterus scotti Harrison & Walker, 1979; L.Olig. WEu.
†Paranyroca magna
†Sinanas diatomas
†Eremochen russelli
†Wasonaka yepomerae
Anserinae
†“Cygnus” herrenthalsi van Beneden, 1871 (nomen nudum; Mlíkovský, 2002)
†“Chenopis” nanus De Vis, 1905; Pleist. Aust.
†Cygnavus senckenbergi Lambrecht, 1931; L.Mioc. CEu.
†Cygnavus formosus Korochkin, 1968; L.Olig. CAs.
†Paracygnus plattensis Short, 1969; U.Plioc. NA.
†Cygnopterus affinis Lambrecht, 1931; M.Olig. WEu.
†“Megalodytes” sp. (Matsuoka et al., 2001) M.Mioc. EAs.
Reference(s):
- Ericson, P. G. P. 1996: Systematic relationships of the Palaeogene family Presbyornithidae (Aves: Anseriformes)
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 121, #4, pp. 429-483 - Livezey, B. C., 1996a: A Phylogenetic Analysis of Geese and Swans (Anseriformes: Anserinae), Including Selected Fossil Species.
–Systematic Biology: Vol. 45, #4, Art.nr. pp. (415-450) [doi: 10.1093/sysbio/45.4.415] - Livezey, B. C. 1997: A phylogenetic classification of waterfowl (Aves: Anseriformes), including selected fossil species.
–Annals of Carnegie Museum: vol. 66, #4, pp. 457-496. - Livezey, B. C., 1997: A phylogenetic analysis of modern sheldgeese and shelducks (Anatidae, Tadornini).
–Ibis: Vol. 139, #1, Art.nr. pp. (51-66) [doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1997.tb04504.x] - Livezey, B. C. & Martin, L. D., 1988: The systematic position of the Miocene anatid Anas(?) blanchardi Milne-Edwards.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 8, #2, pp. 196-211 - Louchart, A., Vignaud, P., Likius, A., Mackaye, H. T. & Brunet, M., 2005: A new swan (Aves: Anatidae) in Africa, from the latest Miocene of Chad and Libya.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 25, #2, pp. 384-392 - Mitchell, K. J., Wood, J. R., Scofield, R. P., Llamas, B. & Cooper, A., 2014: Ancient mitochondrial genome reveals unsuspected taxonomic affinity of the extinct Chatham duck (Pachyanas chathamica) and resolves divergence times for New Zealand and sub-Antarctic brown teals.
–Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: Vol. 70, #Supplement C, pp. 420-428 [doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.08.017] - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2017: Anseriformes. (Updated: 2017-10-08) –iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds: http://www.zoonomen.net; [visited: 2017-10-16]