After Livezey, 1996
<==o Anserini (geese; hanhet) |--o Anser (harmaahanhet) | |-- †A. arizonae Bickart, 1990 | |-- †A. thompsoni Martin & Mengel, 1980 | |-- †A. pratensis (Short, 1970) [Heterochen pratensis] | |--o (Anser) | | |--+-- A. (A.) cygnoides (joutsenhanhi) | | | `--+--+-- A. (A.) fabalis (metsähanhi) | | | | `-- A. (A.) brachyrhynchus (lyhytnokkahanhi) | | | `--+-- A. (A.) anser (merihanhi) | | | `-- A. (A.) rubrirostris (itäinen merihanhi) [ssp. A. anser rubrirostris??] | | `--+-- A. (A.) albifrons (tundrahanhi) | | `-- A. (A.) erythropus (kiljuhanhi) | `--o (Chen) | |-- A. (C.) indicus (intianhanhi) | `--+-- A. (C.) canagica (beringinhanhi) | `--+-- A. (C.) caerulescens (lumihanhi) | `-- A. (C.) rossii (ross's goose) `--+-- †Geochen rhuax [large havaiian goose] `--o Branta (kirjohanhet) |-- †B. woolfendeni (Bickart, 1990) |--o (Leucoblepharon) | |-- B. (L.) canadensis (kanadanhanhi) | |-- B. (L.) hutchinsii (Cackling Goose) | `--+?- †B. (L.) sp. [Hawaii] | |-- †B. (L.) hylobadistes (greater nene) | `-- B. (L.) sandvicensis (nene, havaijinhanhi) `--+--o (Branta) | |-- B. (B.) bernicla (sepelhanhi) | `?- B. (B.) hrota (pale-bellied brant) `--o (Leucopareia) |-- B. (L.) leucopsis (valkoposkihanhi) `-- B. (L.) ruficollis (punakaulahanhi)
Reference(s):
- Ericson, P. G. P. 1996: Systematic relationships of the Palaeogene family Presbyornithidae (Aves: Anseriformes).
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 121, #4, pp. 429-483 - Livezey, B. C. 1996: A phylogenetic classification of waterfowl (Aves: Anseriformes), including selected fossil species.
–Annals of Carnegie Museum: vol. 66, #4, pp. 457-496 - Olson, S. L. & Rasmussen, P. D., 2001: Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina. 233-365
in Ray, C. E. & Bohaska, D. J., (eds.) 2001: Geology and paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, III.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 90, iii-365