After “The Tree of Life” and Frost, 2000-2002 [AMNH Amphibian species of the World]
<==o Scaphiopodidae Cope, 1865 sensu Haas, 2003 [Scaphiopus sensu lato] |--o Spea Cope, 1866 | |-- S. bombifrons (Cope, 1863) | |-- S. hammondii | |-- S. intermontana | `-- S. multiplicata `--o Scaphiopus Holbrook, 1836 |-- †S. neuter Kluge, 1966 |-- †S. wardorum Estes & Tihen, 1964 |-- S. couchii |-- S. holbrookii [S. holbrooki] `-- S. hurterii
Reference(s):
- Böhme, W., Rocek, Z. & Spinar, Z. V. 1982: On Pelobates decheni Troschel, 1961, and Zaphrissa eurypelis Cope, 1866 (Amphibia: Pelobatidae) from the Early Miocene of Rott near Bonn, West Germany.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 2, #1, pp. 1-7 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Holman, J. A., 1981: A herpentofauna from an eastern extension of the Harrison Formation (Early Miocene: Arikareean), Cherry County, Nebraska.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 1, #1, pp. 49-56 - Holman, J. A., 1987: Herpetofauna of the Egelhoff site (Miocene: Barstovian) of North-Central Nebraska.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 7, #2, pp. 109-120
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree