Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

†Pteraspidiformes

After Carroll, 1988, Janvier, 1997, and Pernègre, 2002

<==o †Pteraspidiformes Berg, 1937 [1940]
   |--o †Anchipteraspididae Elliott, 1984 [Anchipteraspidinae Elliott, 1984]
   |  |-- †Anchipteraspis crenulata Elliott, 1984
   |  |-- †Rhachiaspis pteriga Elliott, 1984
   |  `--o †Ulutitaspis Elliott, 1984
   |     |-- †U. aquilonia Elliott, 1984
   |     |-- †U. notidana Elliott, 1984
   |     `-- †U. truncata Elliott, 1984
   `--+-- †Protopteraspidae Novitskaya, 1983
      `--o †Pteraspidina Janvier, 1996 [Pteraspidoidei sensu Pernègre, 2006] [paraphyletic Pteraspididae]
         |?-o †Cardipeltis [Cardipeltidae]
         |  `-- †C. bryanti
         |== †“Pteraspididae” Claypole, 1885 [Pteraspidae] [paraphyletic]
         |--+-- †Loricopteraspis dairydinglensis [Brotzenaspis]
         |  `--+-- †Larnovaspis goujeti Blieck, 1984]
         |     `--+-- †Errivaspis waynensis White, 1935
         |        `--o †Rhinopteraspis [Belgicaspis]
         |           |-- †R. crouchi [Pteraspis crouchi]
         |           `-- †R. dunensis
         `--+--o †Doryaspis White, 1935 [taxonomic history] [Doryaspididae Heintz, 1967]
            |  |-- †D. nathorsti (Lankester, 1884) [taxonomic history]
            |  |-- †D. minor (Heintz, 1960)
            |  |-- †D. lyktensis (Heintz, 1960)
            |  |-- †D. arctica Pernègre, 2002
            |  `-- †D. sp. [Blieck, et al., 1987]
            `--+?-o †Gigantaspis Heintz, 1962 [taxonomically treated as Pterapsids by Pernègre & Goujet (2007)]
               |  |-- †G. isachseni Heintz, 1962
               |  |-- †G. bocki Heintz, 1962
               |  |-- †G. laticephala (Blieck & Goujet, 1983)
               |  `-- †G. minima Pernègre & Goujet, 2007
               `--o †Protaspidoidea
                  |--o †Protaspididae Janvier, 1996 [paraphyletic?]
                  |  |?- †Xylaspis prima (Pernègre, 2003) Pernègre, 2004 [Spitsbergaspis prima Pernègre, 2003(non Hypermecaspis Harrington & Leanza, 1957 (Spitsbergaspis) Pribyl & Vanek, 1980, a trilobite (Arthropoda: Lamellipedia: Trilobita))]
                  |  |-- †Europrotaspis crenulata [Glossoidaspis]
                  |  `--+-- †Comaspis transversa Denison, 1970 [non Protaspis (a genus of Cercomonatid protists); Cosmaspis]
                  |     `--o †Protaspis [Cyrtaspidichthys; Cyrtaspis; Eucyrtaspis; Europrotaspis; Gigantaspis]
                  |        |-- †P. bucheri
                  |        `-- †P. erroli
                  `-- †Psammosteida [Psammosteidae sensu lato; incl. Drepanaspidae]

<==o Pteraspidiformes
   |--o †Anchipteraspididae
   |  |-- †Anchipteraspis
   |  `-- †Rhachiaspis
   `--+-- †Psammosteidae
      `--+-- †Protopteraspidae
         `--+-- †Doryaspis
            `--+-- †Stegobranchiaspis
               `--+-- †Unarkaspis
                  `--+-- †Panamintaspis
                     |--+--+-- †Canadapteraspis
                     |  |  `-- †Larnovaspis

Reference(s):

• Adrian, J. M. & Wilson, M. V. H., 1994: Early Devonian cephalaspids (Vertebrata: Osteostraci: Cornuata) from the southern Mackenzie Mountains, NorthWest Territories, Canada.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 14, #3, pp. 301-319
• Blieck, A. R. M., Karatajute-Talimaa, V. N. & Mark-Kurik, E., 2002: Upper Silurian and Devonian heterostracan pteraspidomorphs (Vertebrata) from Severnaya Zemlya (Russia): a preliminary report with biogeographical and biostratigraphical implications.
  –Geodiversitas: Vol. 24, #4, pp. 805-820
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
  in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Elliott, D. K. 1983: New Pteraspididae (Agnatha, Heterostraci) from the Lower Devonian of Northwest Territories, Canada.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 2, #4, pp. 389-406
• Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas - Fishes.
  –Mergus - Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A.Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088
• Janvier , P., 1997: Vertebrata: Animals with backbones.
  –iNet: Tree of Life; http://tolweb.org/tree/
• Kazlev, M. A., 2000: Pteraspidiformes.
  –iNet: The Kheper Site: http://www.kheper.auz.com/gaia/biosphere/vertebrates/agnatha/Pteraspidiformes.html
• Lundberg, J. G., 1995, 1997: Chordata.
  –iNet : Tree of Life; http://tolweb.org/tree/
• Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
  –Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223
• Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
  –John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600
• Pernègre, V. N., 2002: The genus Doryaspis White (Heterostraci) from the Lower Devonian of Vestspitsbergen, Svalbard.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #4, pp. 735-746
• Pernègre, V. N., 2003: Un nouveau genre de Pteraspidiformes (Vertebrata, Heterostraci) de la Formation de Wood Bay (Dévonien Inférieur, Spitsberg).
  [A new Pterspidiformes genus (Vertebrata, Heterostraci) from the Wood Bay Formation (Lower Devonian, Spitsbergen).]
  –Geodiversitas: Vol. 25, #2, pp. 261-272
• Pernègre, V. N., 2004: Xylaspis n. nov., a new name for Spitsbergaspis Pernègre, 2003, not Spitsbergaspis Pribyl & Vanek, 1980.
  –Geodiversitas: Vol. 26, #1, pp. 157
• Pernègre, V. N. & Elliott, D. K., 2008: Phylogeny of the Pteraspidiformes (Heterostraci), Silurian–Devonian jawless vertebrates.
  –Zoologica Scripta: Vol. 37, #4, pp. 391-403 [doi: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00333.x]
• Pernègre, V. N. & Goujet, D., 2007: The genus Gigantaspis Heintz, 1962 (Vertebrata, Heterostraci) from the lower Devonian of Spitsbergen.
  –Palaeontology: Vol. 50, #2, pp. 323-346
• White, T., 2001: Unit 1.2: Pteraspidomorphi
  –iNet: The Vertebrate Notes: http://home.houston.rr.com/vnotes/unit1.2.html