After Elliott 1983, Carroll, 1988, Soehn, & Wilson, 1990,Pernègre, 2006, and Pernègre & Goujet, 2007
<==o †Pteraspididae Claypole, 1885 [Pteraspidae] [paraphyletic] |?- †Althaspis zychi [Podolaspis] |?- †Brachipteraspis |?- †Eucyclaspis |?- †Grumantaspis Obruchev, 1964 |?- †Helaspis finis Elliott, Dineley & Johnson, 2000 |?- †Lampraspis tuberculata |?- †Miltaspis |?- †Mylopteraspidella |?- †Mylopteraspis robusta |?- †Oreaspis |?- †Pirumaspis lancasteri |?- †Tuberculaspis elyensis |?- †Woodfjordaspis felixi Pernègre, 2006 |?-o †Zascinaspis | |-- †Z. bryanti (Brotzen, 1936) | |-- †Z. carmani (Denison, 1960) [Pteraspis carmani | `-- †Z. heintzi (Brotzen, 1936) |?-o Pteraspidinae Denison, 1970 | |?-o †Pteraspis Kner & Woodward, 1900 [Archaeoteuthis, Brachipteraspis, Cymripteraspis, Lerichaspis, Paleoteuthis, Parapteraspis, Penygaspis, Plesiopteraspis, Podolaspis, Pseudopteraspis, Simopteraspis, Steganodictyum] | | |?- †P. mitchelli | | |-- †P.? lyktensis | | |-- †P.? minor | | |-- †P. stensioei | | |-- †P. jackana | | `-- †P. rostrata var. toombsi | |--o †Stegobranchiaspis baringensis Elliott, 1982 | | |-- †S. b. var. falcata Elliott, 1982 | | `-- †S. b. var. baringensis Elliott, 1982 | |-- †Unarkaspis schultzei Elliott, 1982 | `-- †Escharaspis alata Elliott, 1982 `--+--+-- †Loricopteraspis dairydinglensis [Brotzenaspis] | `--+-- †Larnovaspis goujeti Blieck, 1984] | `--+-- †Errivaspis waynensis White, 1935 | `--o †Rhinopteraspis [Belgicaspis] | |-- †R. crouchi [†Pteraspis crouchi] | `-- †R. dunensis `--+--o †Doryaspis White, 1935 [taxonomic history] [Doryaspididae Heintz, 1967] | |-- †D. nathorsti (Lankester, 1884) [taxonomic history] | |-- †D. minor (Heintz, 1960) | |-- †D. lyktensis (Heintz, 1960) | |-- †D. arctica Pernègre, 2002 | `-- †D. sp. [Blieck, et al., 1987] `--+?-o †Gigantaspis Heintz, 1962 [taxonomically treated as Pterapsids by Pernègre & Goujet (2007)] | |-- †G. isachseni Heintz, 1962 | |-- †G. bocki Heintz, 1962 | |-- †G. laticephala (Blieck & Goujet, 1983) | `-- †G. minima Pernègre & Goujet, 2007 `--o †Protaspidoidea |--o †Protaspididae Janvier, 1996 [paraphyletic?] | |?- †Xylaspis prima (Pernègre, 2003) Pernègre, 2004 [Spitsbergaspis prima Pernègre, 2003(non Hypermecaspis Harrington & Leanza, 1957 (Spitsbergaspis) Pribyl & Vanek, 1980, a trilobite (Arthropoda: Lamellipedia: Trilobita))] | |-- †Europrotaspis crenulata [Glossoidaspis] | `--+-- †Comaspis transversa Denison, 1970 [non Protaspis (a genus of Cercomonatid protists); Cosmaspis] | `--o †Protaspis [Cyrtaspidichthys; Cyrtaspis; Eucyrtaspis; Europrotaspis; Gigantaspis] | |-- †P. bucheri | `-- †P. erroli `-- †Psammosteida [Psammosteidae sensu lato; incl. Drepanaspidae]
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Elliott, D. K. 1983: New Pteraspididae (Agnatha, Heterostraci) from the Lower Devonian of Northwest Territories, Canada.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 2, #4, pp. 389-406 - Elliott, D. K., Dineley, D. L. & Johnson, H. G., 2000: A vertebrate fauna from the Middle Devonian Yahatinda Formation of the Southwestern Canada.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #1, pp. 123-132 - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Kazlev, M. A., 2000: Pteraspidiformes.
–iNet: The Kheper Site: http://www.kheper.auz.com/gaia/biosphere/vertebrates/agnatha/Pteraspidiformes.html - Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600 - Pernègre, V. N., 2006: Un nouveau ptéraspidiforme (Vertebrata, Heterostraci) du Dévonien inférieur du Spitsberg : nouvelles données paléo-ontogéniques.
[A new pteraspidiform (Vertebrata, Heterostraci) from the Lower Devonian of Spitsbergen: new palaeo-ontogenetic data.].
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 28, #2, pp. 239-248 - Soehn, K. L. & Wilson, M. V. H., 1990: A complete, articulated heterostracan from Wenlockian (Silurian) beds of the Delorme Group, Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 10, #4, pp. 405-419