After Gardiner & Schaeffer, 1989 (from Hamel, 2005), Lund, 2000 (partly), Zhu, Yu, Wang, Zhao & Jia, 2006 (partly), and Friedman & Blom, 2006
Alternative phylogeny of basal actinopterygians after Lund & Poplin, 2002
Alternative phylogeny of basal actinopterygians after Dietze, 2000
Family-level taxonomy of basal actinopterygians.
<==o Actinopterygii Klein, 1885 non? Cope, 1887 (Ray-finned fishes; viuhkaeväiset) |?- †Naxilepis gracilis Wang & Dong, 1989 [scales] |--+?-o †Ligulalepis Schultze, 1968 [alternative position 1] | | |?- †L. yunnanensis Wang & Dong, 1989 [scales] | | `-- †L. toombsi Schultze, 1968 | `--+-- †Meemannia eos Zhu, Yu, Wang, Zhao & Jia, 2006; E.Dev. SEAs. [sensu Lu, Zhu, Ahlberg, Qiao, Zhu, Zhao & Jia, 2016] | `--o †Dialipina Schultze, 1968 | |-- †D. markae Schultze, 1992 | `-- †D. salgueiroensis Schultze, 1968 `--+--o †Cheirolepis Agassiz, 1835; M.Dev. Eu., U.Dev. NAm. [Cheirolepiformes: Cheirolepidae Pander, 1860] | |?- †C. curtus M'Coy, 1848 | |?- †C. gaugeri Gross, 1973 | |?- †C. gracilis Gross, 1973 | |?- †C. macrocephalus M'Coy, 1848 | |?- †C. sinualis | |-- †C. trailli Agassiz, 1835 | `--+-- †C. schultzei Arratia & Cloutier, 2004 [C. sp. cf. C. canadensis Arratia & Cloutier, 2002] | `-- †C. canadensis Whiteaves, 1881 `--+--+-- †Osorioichthys marginis Casier, 1952 [Stereolepidella; Stereolepis] U.Dev. Eu. [Osorioichthyidae Gardiner, 1967] | `--o †Ligulalepis Schultze, 1968 [alternative position 2] | |?- †L. yunnanensis Wang & Dong, 1989 [scales] | `-- †L. toombsi Schultze, 1968 `--+--+-- †Tegeolepis clarki (Newberry, 1888) Miller, 1892; L.Dev. ENAm. [Tegeolepididae Romer, 1945] | `--o †Howqualepididae Long, Choo & Young, 2008 | |-- †Howqualepis rostridens Long, 1988; M.Dev. Aust. [paraphyletic Mimiidae Gardiner, 1993] | `-- †Donnrosenia schaefferi Long, Choo & Young, 2008; L.Dev. Ant. |?-o †Paramblypteriformes | `--o †Paramblypteridae [synonymous with Amblypteridae sensu Diatze, 2000] | `--o †Paramblypterus [Amblypterops, Cosmopoma, Dipteroma] L.Perm. Eu. | |--+-- †P. gelberti (Goldfuss, 1847) Boy, 1976 [Palaeoniscus gelberti Goldfuss, 1847; Amblypterus gelberti (Traquair) Woodward, 1891] | | `-- †P. duvernoyi (Agassiz, 1833) Boy, 1976 [Palaeoniscus duvernoyi Agassiz, 1833; Amblypterus duvernoyi (Giebel) Woodward, 1891] | `--+-- †P. decorus (Egerton, 1850) Blot, 1966 [Palaeoniscus decorus Egerton, 1850; Amblypterus decorus (Egerton) Traquair, 1877; incl. P. comblei, P. gaudryi] | `-- †P. rohani (Heckel, 1861) [incl. P. caudatus, P. luridus, P. obliquus, P. reussi] `--o Actinopteri Cope, 1972 [Palaeoniscimorpha Lund, et al., 1995] |?- †Borichthys diacanthus Miss. Eu. [paraphyletic Stegotrachelidae Gardiner, 1963] |?- †Orvikuina vardiaensis Gross, 1953; M.Dev. Eu. [paraphyletic Stegotrachelidae Gardiner, 1963] |-- †Mansfieldiscus sweeti (Woodward, 1906) Long, 1988 [?Elonichthyidae Aldinger, 1937] |-- †Raynerius splendens Giles, Darras, Clément, Blieck & Friedman, 2015 |--o † Mimiidae Gardiner, 1993 | |-- †Gogosardina coatesi Choo, Long & Trinajstic, 2009 | `--o †Mimipiscis Choo, 2011 [Mimia Gardiner & Bartram, 1977, non Mimia Evans, 1953 (a hesperiid butterfly)] U.Dev. Aus. [paraphyletic Stegotrachelidae Gardiner, 1963] | |?- †M. paravertebra (nomen dubium) | |-- †M. toombsi (Gardiner & Bartram, 1977) Choo, 2011 | `-- †M. bartrami Choo, 2011 |-- †Melanecta anneae Coates, 1998, L.Dev. Eu. [paraphyletic Stegotrachelidae Gardiner, 1963] `--+--+-- †Krasnoyarichthys jesseni Prokofiev, 2002; L.Dev. CAs. [paraphyletic Stegotrachelidae Gardiner, 1963] | `-- †Stegotrachelus finlayi Woodward & White, 1926; M.Dev. Eu. ?U.Dev. NAm. Ant. [paraphyletic Stegotrachelidae Gardiner, 1963] `--+-- †Rhadinichthyidae Romer, 1945 sensu Poplin & Lund, 2000 and Lund, 2000 [incl. Aesopichthyidae Poplin & Lund, 2000] `--+--o †Moythomasia Gross, 1950; M.-U.Dev. Eu., U.Dev. Aust. [paraphyletic Stegotrachelidae Gardiner, 1963] | |?- †M.? devonica (Clarke, 1885) | |-- †M. perforata (Gross, 1942) [Aldingeria perforata Gross, 1942] | |-- †M. lineata Choo, 2015 | `--+-- †M. nitida Gross, 1950 | `-- †M. durgaringa Gardiner & Bartram, 1977 `--+-- †Woodichthys bearsdeni Coates, 1998, U.Dev. Eu. `--+?- †Coccocephalus wildi Watson, 1925 [Coccocephalichthys; Cocconiscus) Penn. Eu. [Coccocephalichthyidae] |-- †Kentuckia hlavini Dunkle, 1964; Miss. NAm. [paraphyletic Kentuckiidae] |--+-- †Limnomis delaneyi Daeschler, 2000; U.Dev. ENAm. | `-- †Cuneognathus gardineri Friedman & Blom, 2006; U.Dev. NENAm. `--+--o †Pteronisculus White, 1933 [Glaucolepis] L.Trias. Spits. Gr. Mad. Aus. [paraphyletic Stegotrachelidae Gardiner, 1963] | |-- †P. cicatrosus White, 1933 | |-- †P. macropterus White, 1933 | |-- †P. stensioei | `-- †P. magnus `--+-- †Belichthys minimus Wade, 1935 [Belichthys -group]; M.Trias. Aus. |-- †Australichthys longidorsalis Gardiner, 1969 [Australichthys -group] |--o †Cosmoptychiidae [=? Watsonichthys -group sensu Gardiner & Schaeffer, 1989] | |-- †Cosmoptychius Traquair, 1877; Miss. Eu. | `-- †Watsonichthys lotzi Gürich, 1923; Miss. Eu. L.Perm. SAf. |?- †Terrasiiformes sensu Lund & Poplin, 2002 `--o Chondrostei sensu lato (rustokillesuomuiset) [paraphyletic assemblage of basal actinopterygians no yet revisited] |?- †Phanerorhynchus armatus Gill, 1923; Penn. Eu. [Phanerorhynchiformes: Phanerorhynchidae] |?- †Haplolepiformes |-- †Ptycholepiformes [=? Boreosomus -group sensu Gardiner & Schaeffer, 1989] `--+--o †Amplypterus -group | |?- †Roslerichthys riomafrensis Hamel, 2005; L.Perm. SA. | `-- †Amblypteridae Romer, 1945 [incl. Paramblypteridae sensu Dietze, 2000] `--+--+-- †Redfieldiidae Hutchinson, 1973 [Catopteridae; Dictyopygidae] | |-- Cladistia Cope, 1871 sensu Lund, 2000 (lapaeväiset; bichirs & reedfishes) | `--+== †Platysomoidei | |?-o †Dorypterus Germar, 1842; L.Perm. EAs. U.Perm. Eu. [Dorypteriformes: Dorypteridae] | | |-- †D. althausi Munster, 1842 | | `-- †D. hoffmanni Germar, 1842 | `?-o †Eurynotiformes Sallan & Coates, 2013 | |--o †Mesolepis Young, 1866 [Pododus] Miss. Penn. Eu. | | `-- †M. scalaris Young, 1866 | | `-- †M. wardi Young, 1866 | |-- †Paramesolepis rhombus Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938 Miss. Eu. | |-- †Wardichthys cyclosoma Traquair, 1875 | |-- †Proteurynotus Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938; Miss. Eu. | |--o †Amphicentridae | | |--o †Amphicentrum Young, 1866 | | | |-- †A. granulosum Young, 1866 | | | |-- †A. crassum (Traquair, 1890) | | | `-- †A. orbiculare | | |-- †Cheirodopsis geitziei Traquair, 1881; Miss. Eu. | | `-- †Eurynotus crenatus Agassiz, 1833-1844 [Eurynothus; Notacmon; Plectrolepis] Miss.-Penn. Eu. NAm. Penn. NAs. ?M.Trias. SAm. | `--o †Styracopteridae Moy-Thomas, 1937 [Sctyracopteridae (lapsus calami)] | |-- †Benedenius deneensis Traquair, 1878 [Benedenichthys] Miss. Eu. | |-- †Fouldenia ischiptera (Traquair, 1881) White, 1927 [Holorus ischipterus Traquair, 1881; Styracopterus ischipterus Traquair, 1890, Fouldenia ottadinica White, 1927; Styracopterus ottadinica Moy-Thomas, 1937; Styracopterus ischipterus Moy-Thomas, 1937; Styracopterus fulcratus Gardiner, 1985]; Miss. Eu. | `-- †Styracopterus fulcratus (Traquair, 1881) Traquair, 1890 [Holorus fulcratus Traquair, 1881; Styracopterus fulcratus Moy-Thomas, 1937; Styracopterus fulcratus Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938; Styracopterus fulcratus Gardiner, 1985]; Miss. Eu. `--o Actinopteri sensu stricto [Chondrostei+Neopterygii, and all decendants of their last common ancester] |--o Chondrostei sensu stricto? | |-- †Saurichthyiformes Aldinger, 1937 | `--+-- †Birgeriidae Berg, 1940 | `-- Acipenseriformes Berg, 1940 sensu Grande & Bemis, 1996 (Sturgeons and Paddlefishes; sampikalat) `--o Neopterygii Regan, 1923(?) sensu Xu & Wu, 2012 |--o †Australosomus Pivetau, 1930; M.Trias. Mad. Gr. | |-- †A. merlei Pivetau, 1930 | `-- †A. kochi Stensiö, 1932 |-- †Pholidopleuriformes `--+-- †Peltopleuriformes `--+-- †Perleidiformes Berg, 1937 [1940?] `==o †Luganoiiformes sensu Carroll, 1988 [incl. Thoracopteridae] |-- †Thoracopteridae Griffith 1977 sensu Xu, Zhao, Gao & Wu, 2012 `--+-- †Luganoiiformes `-- Neopterygii Regan, 1923(?) sensu Carroll, 1988 (neopterygian actinopterygians; uusviuhkaeväiset)
“Palaeoniscimorpha” indet.:
?†Anaglyphys L.Perm. Eu.
†Andreolepis Gross, 1968 [Andreolepididae Märss, 2001]
†A. hedei Gross, 1968
†A. petri Märss, 2001
†Ameghinichthys antarcticus Arratia, Scasso & Kiessling, 2004; U.Jur. Ant. [possibly a ptycholepiform]
†Anatoia L.Trias. SA.
†Atherstonia [Hypterus] U.Perm. Eu. L.Trias. SAf. Mad. U.Trias. NAm.
†A. minor
†Atracauda Miss. NAm. [Bear Gulch, Montana]
†A. lundi
†Broometta L.Trias. SAf.
†Caminchaia L.Trias. SA.
†C. draghii Rusconi, 1946a
†Cenechoia L.Trias. SA.
†C. paramillensis Rusconi, 1946c
†Challaia L.Trias. SA.
†C. striata Rusconi, 1946c
†Cosmoptychius
†Diphyodus Miss. NAm.
†Discoserra Miss. NAm. [Bear Gulch, Montana]
†D. pectinodon
†Disichthys U.Perm. SAf.
†Echentaia L.Trias. SA.
†Elpisopholis U.Trias. Aus.
†Eurynotoides U.Perm. Eu.
†Evenkia L.Trias. NAs.
†Fubarichthys Miss. NAm. [Bear Gulch, Montana]
†"F." copiosus
†F. prolatus
†Frederichthys
†F. musadentatus
†Gardineria Perm. Eu.
†G. akkolkensis
†Guaymayenia L.Trias. SA.
†G. paramillensis Rusconi, 1946b
†Haywardia U.Trias. NAm. [Bear Lake, Idaho]
†H. jordani
†Isodus Miss. Eu.
†Kalops Poplin & Lund, 2002 [Acanthoniscus Lowney, 1980 (nomen nudum)]; U. Miss. NAm. [Bear Gulch, Montana]
†K. monophrys Poplin & Lund, 2002 [Acanthoniscus cracens Lowney, 1980 (nomen nudum)]
†K. diophrys Poplin & Lund, 2002 [Acanthoniscus bilobatus Lowney, 1980 (nomen nudum)]
†Kansasiella
†Lawrenciella
†Leighiscus M.Trias. Aus.
†Leuderia
†L. kempi
†Luederia L.Perm. NAm.
†Moythomasia striata Gross, 1952; L.Dev CEu. (nomen dubium, undiaganostic scales)
†Moythomasia laevigata Gross, 1952; L.Dev CEu. (nomen dubium, undiaganostic scales)
†Moythomasia antiqua (Williams, 1886) (nomen dubium, undiaganostic scales)
†Muenstrichthys U.Perm. Eu.
†M. buergeri
†Myriolepis L. U.Trias. Aus. ? L.Trias. SA.
†M. clarki
†Oxypteriscus Miss. NAs.
†Palaeobergeria Miss. NAs.
†Pasamhaya L.Trias. SA.
†Peleichthys U.Perm. SAf.
†Plesioperleidus Su & Li, 1983 sensu Tong et al., 2006 [†Perleidus in partim; †Zhangina Liu in Liu et al., 2002; Liu in Jin et al., 2003] L.Trias. EAs.
†P. dayeensis Su & Li, 1983
†P. yangtzensis (Su, 1981) sensu Tong et al., 2006 [†Perleidus yangtzensis Su, 1981; Perleidus eurylepidotrichia Liu in Liu et al., 2002; †Zhangina yangtzensis (Su) Jin et al., 2002]
†P. jiangsuensis (Qian et al., 1997) [Perleidus cf. madagascariensis Piveteau, 1934, Jin et al., 2003; Perleidus piveteaui Lehman, 1952, Jin et al., 2003; Perleidus jiangsuensis Qian et al., 1997; †Zhangina cylindrica Liu in Lie et al., 2002]
†“Perleidus” lutoensis Antunes & Schaeffer, 1990
†Pteroniscus Jur. WAs.
?†Schizospondylus U. Cret. Eu.
†Tanaocrossus U.Jur. WAf.
†Terenolepis turnerae Burrow, 1995; L. Dev. Aust.
†Urosthenes L.Perm. Aust. [New Southj Wales]
†U. latus
†Willomorichthys U.Dev. SAf.
†W. striatulus
†Yogoniscus Miss. NAm. [Bear Gulch, Montana]
†Y. gulo
†Paleonisciformes [paraphyletic]
Actinopterygii incertae sedis:
†Diplospondichthys moreaui Filleul & Dutheil, 2004
After Choo, 2011, 2015<==o Actinopterygii |-- †Cheirolepis `--+-- †Osarioichthys `--+--+-- †Tegeolepis | `--o †Howqualepididae | |-- †Howqualepis | `-- †Donnrosenia `--+--+-- †Moythomasia | `--o †Mimiidae | |-- †Gogosardina | `-- †Mimipiscis `--+-- †Stegotrachelus `--+--+-- †Krasnoyaichthys | `--+-- †Novagonatodus | `--+-- †Cuneognathus | `-- †Limnomis `--+-- †Mansfieldiscus `--+-- †Kentuckia `--+-- †Wendyichthys `--+-- †Melanecta `-- †Woodichthys Reference(s):
|
After Swartz, 2009<==o Actinopterygii |--o †Cheirolepis | |-- †C. trailli | `--+-- †C. schultzei | `-- †C. canadensis `--+-- †Osorioichthys `--+-- †Donnrosenia `--+--+-- †Tegeolepis | `-- †Howqualepis `--+--+-- †“Mimia” | `-- †Krasnoyarichthys `--+--o †Stegotrachelidae | |-- †Stegotrachelus | `-- †Moythomasia `--+--+-- †Limnomis | `-- †Cuneognathus `--+-- †Kentuckia `--+-- †Melanecta `--+-- †Wendyichthys `-- †Woodichthys Reference(s):
|
(Partly) after Dietze, 2000<==o Actinopterygii |-- †Cheirolepis `--o Actinopteri |-- †Aetheretmon valentiacum |-- †Commentrya traquairi [Elaveria] L. Perm. Eu. [Commentryidae] |-- †Elonichthys[paraphyletic Elonichthyidae] |-- †Howqualepis |-- †Mansfieldiscus |--o †Rhabdolepidae | |-- †Osorioichthys | `-- †Rhabdolepis | `-- †R. macropterus |--+-- †Mimia | `--+?- †Moythomasia | `-- †Coccocephalus |--o †Kentuckia | `-- †K. hlavini `--+-- †Namaichthys schroederi [paraphyletic Acrolepidae] `--+-- †Australichthys longidorsalis `--+-- †Cycloptychius |-- †Gyrolepidotes |-- †Mentzichthys |-- †“Rhadinichthys” canobiensis `--+-- †Palaeoniscum freieslebeni |--o ?†Rhadinichthyidae | |?- †Rhadinichthys laevis Traquair, 1890 | |--+-- †“Rhadinichthys” athertonensis | | `--+--o †Wendyichthys Lund & poplin, 1997 | | | |-- †W. dicksoni Lund & poplin, 1997 | | | `-- †W. lautreci Lund & poplin, 1997 | | `--o †Pteronisculus [Glaucolepis] L. Trias. Spits. Gr. Mad. Aus. [paraphyletic Stegotrachelidae] | | |-- †P. cicatrosus | | |-- †P. stensioei | | `-- †P. magnus | `--+-- †Cyranorhis bergeraci Lund & poplin, 1997 | `--+--o †Fubarichthys Miss. NA. [Bear Gulch, Montana] | | |?- †F. prolatus | | `?- †“F.” copiosus | `--o †Yogoniscus Miss. NA. [Bear Gulch, Montana] [= Yugoniscus] | `-- †Y. gulo |--+-- †Dicellopygidae | `--+--o †Belichthys M. Trias. Aus. | | `-- †B. minimus Wade, 1935 | `--+-- †Canobiidae | `--+--o †Acrolepis [paraphyletic Acrolepidae] | | |-- †A. sedgwicki | | `-- †A. ortholepis | `-- †Amblypteridae [incl. Paramblypteridae sensu Dietze, 2000] `--+--o †Gonatodus Miss. NA. Miss. Penn. EU. [paraphyletic Elonichthyidae] | `-- †G. punctatus `--+-- †Pygopteridae `--+--+--o †Gardineria Perm. Eu. | | `--†G. akkolkensis | `--+-- †Cylindrichthys macropterus | `--+-- †Cylindrichthys vasilenkoi | `-- †Karaoungaria kleimani `--+-- †Eigilia nielseni `--+-- †Uydenia latifrons `--+-- †Uydenichthys magnus `--+--+-- †Kenderlichthys tuberculatus | `--+-- †“Phanerosteon” phonax | `--o †Akanolepis [paraphyletic Rhadinichthyidae] | `-- †A. decernans `--+-- †Aeduellidae `-- †Ptycholepiformes reference(s):
|
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