Vitamin C and Infections
Harri Hemilä
Nutrients 2017
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040339
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28353648
Web page for the references of the review
References
1.Hemilä H. Do vitamins C and E affect respiratory
infections? PhD Thesis. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
2006.
https://hdl.handle.net/10138/20335
http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/thesis.htm
http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/history
2.Carpenter KJ. The History of Scurvy and Vitamin C.
Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1986.
Carpenter
1986 Cambridge Carpenter
1986 Amazon Carpenter 1986
BookReview Carpenter
1986 BookReview
3.Hess AF. Scurvy: Past and Present. Lippincott:
Philadelphia, PA. 1920. A digitalized version is available at the
Cornell University Library
http://chla.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=chla;idno=2903792
http://chla.library.cornell.edu
search Author = Hess
Hess
1920
pages
88
and
99
Book reviews:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1353801
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1524083
4.Hess AF. Diet, nutrition and infection. N Engl J
Med 1932, 207, 637-648.
Hess
1932 NEJM doi
Hess
1932
ch
Hess
1932
bm
5.Robertson EC. The vitamins and resistance to
infection: vitamin C. Medicine 1934, 13, 190-206.
Robertsson
1934 doi Robertsson
1934
ch
Robertsson
1934
bm
6.Englard S, Seifter S. The biochemical functions of
ascorbic acid. Annu Rev Nutr 1986, 6, 365-406.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3015170
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.06.070186.002053
7.Clausen SW. The influence of nutrition upon
resistance to infection. Physiol Rev 1934, 14, 309-350.
http://physrev.physiology.org/content/14/3/309
Clausen
1934
8.Perla D, Marmorston J. Role of vitamin C in
resistance. Parts I and II. Arch Pathol 1937, 23, 543-575 and 683-712.
Perla
1937
pt
I Perla
1937
pt
II
9. This web page
10.DeGruttola V, Fleming T, Lin DY, Coombs R.
Validating surrogate markers – are we being naive? J Infect Dis 1997,
175, 237-246.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9203643
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/175.2.237
11.Levine M, Conry-Cantilena C, Wang Y, Welch RW,
Washko PW, Dhariwal KR, Park JB, Lazarev A, Graumlich JF, King J,
Cantilena LR. Vitamin C pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers:
evidence for a recommended dietary allowance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
1996, 93, 3704–3709.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8623000
12.Bartley W, Krebs HA, O’Brien JRP. Vitamin C
Requirement of Human Adults. A Report by the Vitamin C Subcommittee of
the Accessory Food Factors Committee. Spec Rep Ser Med Res Counc (G B)
No. 280. HMSO: London, UK, 1953.
Bartley
1953
ch Bartley
1953
bm
13.Hodges RE, Hood J, Canham JE, Sauberlich HE,
Baker EM. Clinical manifestations of ascorbic acid deficiency in man.
Am J Clin Nutr 1971, 24, 432-443.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5090631
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/24/4/432
14.Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of
Medicine: Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium
and Carotenoids. National Academy Press: Washington DC, 2000; pp.
95-185.
https://www.nap.edu/read/9810
https://www.nap.edu/read/9810/chapter/7#95
https://www.nap.edu/catalog/9810/dietary-reference-intakes-for-vitamin-c-vitamin-e-selenium-and-carotenoids
15.Segal AW. How neutrophils kill microbes. Annu Rev Immunol 2005, 23, 197-223.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115653
16.Akaike T. Role of free radicals in viral pathogenesis and mutation. Rev Med Virol 2001, 11, 87–101.
https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.303
Akaike 2001 PubMed
17.Peterhans E. Oxidants and antioxidants in viral diseases. J Nutr 1997, 127, 962S-965S.
http://jn.nutrition.org/content/127/5/962S
18.Wang Y, Russo TA, Kwon O, Chanock S, Rumsey SC, Levine M. Ascorbate
recycling in human neutrophils: induction by bacteria. Proc Natl Acad
Sci USA 1997, 94, 13816-13819.
Wang 1997 doi Wang 1997 PubMed
19.Nualart FJ, Rivas CI, Montecinos VP, Godoy AS, Guaiquil VH, Golde
DW, Vera JC. Recycling of vitamin C by a bystander effect. J Biol Chem
2003, 278, 10128-10133.
Nualart 2003 doi
Nualart 2003 PubMed
20.Buffinton GD, Christen S, Peterhans E, Stocker R. Oxidative stress
in lungs of mice infected with influenza A virus. Free Rad Res Commun
1992, 16, 99-110.
Buffinton 1992 doi
Buffinton 1992 PubMed
21.Li W, Maeda N, Beck A. Vitamin C deficiency increases the lung
pathology of influenza virus–infected gulo -/- mice. J Nutr 2006, 136,
2611-2616.
Li 2006 J Nutr Li 2006 PubMed
22.Hosakote YM, Jantzi PD, Esham DL, Spratt H, Kurosky A, Casola
A, Garofalo RP. Viral-mediated inhibition of antioxidant
enzymes contributes to the pathogenesis of severe respiratory syncytial
virus bronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011, 183, 1550-1560.
https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201010-1755OC
23.Hemilä H. Vitamin C and the common cold. Br J Nutr 1992, 67, 3-16.
Hemilä
1992 Doi Hemilä
1992 Hemilä 1992 Manu
with
links
to
Refs
Hemilä
1992
PubMed
24.Hume R, Weyers E. Changes in leucocyte ascorbic acid during the common cold. Scott Med J 1973, 18, 3-7.
Hume 1973 PubMed http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/metabolism/Hume_1973_ch.pdf
http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/pauling/Pauling_1973_ch.pdf
25.Mochalkin NI. Ascorbic acid in the complex therapy of acute pneumonia [in Russian]. Voen Med Zh 1970, 9 (Sep), 17–21.
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/T5.pdf
Mochalkin
1970 translation Mochalkin 1970 PubMed
Mochalkin
1970
Russian
ch Mochalkin
1970
Russian
bm
26.Hunt C, Chakravorty NK, Annan G, Habibzadeh N, Schorah CJ. The
clinical effects of vitamin C supplementation in elderly hospitalised
patients with acute respiratory infections. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1994,
64, 212-219.
Hunt
1994
ch Hunt
1994
bm Hunt
1994 PubMed
27.Hemilä H, Louhiala P. Vitamin C for preventing and treating pneumonia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013, (8), CD005532.
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005532.pub3
http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CP/CochranePneumonia_2013.pdf
http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CP/CochranePneumonia_2016.pdf
28. http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CP
29.Powers SK, Jackson MJ. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular
mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiol Rev 2008, 88,
1243–1276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00031.2007
30.Ashton T, Young IS, Peters JR, Jones E, Jackson SK, Davies B,
Rowlands CC. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy, exercise, and
oxidative stress: an ascorbic acid intervention study. J Appl Physiol
1999, 87, 2032-2036.
http://jap.physiology.org/content/87/6/2032
31.Mullins AL, van Rosendal SP, Briskey DR, Fassett RG, Wilson GR,
Coombes JS. Variability in oxidative stress biomarkers following a
maximal exercise test. Biomarkers 2013, 18, 446-454.
https://doi.org/10.3109/1354750X.2013.810668
32.Hemilä H. Vitamin C may alleviate exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2013, 3, e002416.
Hemilä 2013 Doi Hemilä 2013 PMC Hemilä 2013 PubMed
33.Hemilä H. The effect of vitamin C on bronchoconstriction and
respiratory symptoms caused by exercise: a review and statistical
analysis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2014, 10, 58.
Hemilä 2014 Doi Hemilä 2014 PMC Hemilä 2014 PubMed
34.LeBlanc J, Stewart M, Marier G, Whillans MG. Studies on
acclimatization and on the effect of ascorbic acid in men exposed to
cold. Can J Biochem Physiol 1954, 32, 407-427.
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/o54-044#.WM1pT0f-u7A
35.Dugal LP. Vitamin C in relation to cold temperature tolerance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1961, 92, 307-317.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1961.tb46131.x
36.Strydom NB, Kotze HF, van der Walt WH, Rogers GG. Effect of ascorbic
acid on rate of heat acclimatization. J Appl Physiol 1976, 41, 202-205.
http://jap.physiology.org/content/41/2/202
37.Chang CY, Chen JY, Chen SH, Cheng TJ, Lin MT, Hu ML. Therapeutic
treatment with ascorbate rescues mice from heat stroke-induced death by
attenuating systemic inflammatory response and hypothalamic neuronal
damage. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016, 93, 84-93.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.017
38.Holley AD, Osland E, Barnes J, Krishnan A, Fraser JF. Scurvy:
historically a plague of the sailor that remains a consideration in the
modern intensive care unit. Internal Med J 2011, 41, 283–285.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02413.x
Holley 2011 PubMed
39.Smith A, Di Primio G, Humphrey-Murto S. Scurvy in the developed world. CMAJ 2011, 183, E752–E752.
https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.091938
40.Raynaud-Simon A, Cohen-Bittan J, Gouronnec A, Pautas E, Senet P,
Verny M, Boddaert J. Scurvy in hospitalized elderly patients. J Nutr
Health Aging 2010, 14, 407–410.
Raynaud-Simon 2010 doi Raynaud-Simon 2010 PubMed
41.Hemilä H, Louhiala P. Vitamin C may affect lung infections. J R Soc Med 2007, 100, 495-498.
Hemilä 2007 doi Hemilä 2007 PMC
https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/163829
42.Beisel WR. Single nutrients and immunity: vitamin C. Am J Clin Nutr 1982, 35(Feb suppl), 423-428 and 460-461.
Beisel
1982 AJCN
43.Webb AL, Villamor E. Update: effects of antioxidant and
non-antioxidant vitamin supplementation on immune function. Nutr Rev
2007, 65, 181–217.
Webb 2007 doi
44.Manning J, Mitchell B, Appadurai DA, Shakya A, Pierce LJ, Wang H,
Nganga V, Swanson PC, May JM, Tantin D, Spangrude GJ. Vitamin C
promotes maturation of T-cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013, 19,
2054-2067.
Manning 2013 doi Manning 2013 PMC Manning 2013 PubMed
45.Jones E, Hughes RE. Influence of oral carnitine on the body weight
and survival time of avitaminotic-C guinea pigs. Nutr Rep Int 1982,
25:201-204.
Jones
1982
ch
Jones
1982
bm
46.Mårtensson J, Han J, Griffith OW, Meister A. Glutathione ester
delays the onset of scurvy in ascorbate-deficient guinea pigs. Proc
Natl Acad Sci USA 1993, 90, 317-321.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.1.317
47.Padh H. Cellular functions of ascorbic acid. Biochem Cell Biol 1990, 68, 1166-1173.
https://doi.org/10.1139/o90-173
48.Rebouche CJ. Ascorbic acid and carnitine biosynthesis. Am J Clin Nutr 1991, 54, 1147S-1152S.
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/54/6/1147S
49.Rice ME. Ascorbate regulation and its neuroprotective role in the brain. Trends Neurol Sci 2000, 23, 209-216.
Rice
2000 doi
Rice
2000
PubMed
50.May JM, Harrison FE. Role of vitamin C in the function of the
vascular endothelium. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013, 19, 2068-2083.
May 2013 doi May 2013 PMC May 2013 PubMed
51.Kinsman RA, Hood J. Some behavioral effects of ascorbic acid deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 1971, 24, 455-464.
Kinsman
1971 AJCN
52.Zhang M, Robitaille L, Eintracht S, Hoffer LJ. Vitamin C provision
improves mood in acutely hospitalized patients. Nutrition 2011, 27,
530–533.
Zhang 2011 doi
Zhang_2011 PubMed
53.Wang Y, Liu XJ, Robitaille L, Eintracht S, MacNamara E, Hoffer LJ.
Effects of vitamin C and vitamin D administration on mood and distress
in acutely hospitalized patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2013, 98, 705-711.
Wang 2013 doi Wang 2013 PubMed
54.Hemilä H, Kaprio J. Subgroup analysis of large trials can guide
further research: a case study of vitamin E and pneumonia. Clin
Epidemiol 2011, 3, 51-59.
Hemilä 2011 Doi Hemilä 2011 PMC Hemilä 2011 PubMed
55.Hemilä H. Vitamin E and the risk of pneumonia: using the
I2-statistic to quantify heterogeneity within a controlled trial. Br J
Nutr 2016, 116, 1530-1536.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516003408
56.Hemilä H, Virtamo J, Albanes D, Kaprio J. The effect of vitamin E on
common cold incidence is modified by age, smoking and residential
neighborhood. J Am Coll Nutr 2006, 25, 332-339.
Hemilä
2006 Doi http://hdl.handle.net/10138/44969
Hemilä
2006
PubMed
57.McConkey M, Smith DT. The relation of vitamin C deficiency to
intestinal tuberculosis in the guinea pig. J Exp Med 1933, 58, 503-517.
https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.58.4.503
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2132312
58.Dey PK. Efficacy of vitamin C in counteracting tetanus toxin toxicity. Naturwissenschaften 1966, 53, 310.
Dey 1966 Doi Dey
1966 ch Dey 1966
Dey
1966
bm
Dey
1966 PubMed
59.Belfield WO. Vitamin C in treatment of canine and feline distemper complex. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1967, 62, 345-348.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5182695
http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/animals/Belfield_1967.pdf
http://belfield.com/pdfs/VitaminC.pdf
60.Leveque JI. Ascorbic acid in treatment of the canine distemper complex. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1969, 64, 997-1001.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5201010
http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/animals/Leveque_1969.pdf
61.Eccles R. Is the common cold a clinical entity or a cultural concept? Rhinology 2013, 51, 3-8.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23441305
62.Monto AS, Ullman BM. Acute respiratory illness in an American community: the Tecumseh Study. JAMA 1974, 227, 164-169.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1974.03230150016004
63.Fendrick AM, Monto AS, Nightengale B, Sarnes M. The economic burden
of non-influenza-related viral respiratory tract infection in the
United States. Arch Int Med 2003, 163, 487-494.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.4.487
64.Pauling L. Vitamin C and the Common Cold. Freeman: San Francisco, CA, 1970.
https://www.amazon.com/Vitamin-Common-Cold-Linus-Pauling/dp/B000BGT8R4
https://www.amazon.com/Vitamin-C-Common-Cold-Flu/dp/0716703610
Links to
book reviews of the 1970 book
A short
background to the book
65.Pauling L. The significance of the evidence about ascorbic acid and
the common cold. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1971, 68, 2678-2681.
Pauling
1971 Doi
Pauling
1971 PMC
Pauling
1971 manuscript
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-103.html
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-032.html
66.Pauling L. Ascorbic acid and the common cold. Am J Clin Nutr 1971, 24, 1294-1299.
Pauling
1971 AJCN
67.Ritzel G. Critical analysis of the role of vitamin C in the
treatment of the common cold [in German]. Helv Med Acta 1961, 28,
63-68.
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/T3.pdf
Ritzel
1961 Translation Ritzel 1961 PubMed
Ritzel
1961
in
German
ch Ritzel
1961
in
German
bm
Ritzel
1976
DOI Ritzel
1976
Letter
ch Ritzel 1976 PubMed
Ritzel
biography
ch
Ritzel
biography
bm
Pauling's analysis
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-030.html
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-033.html
68.Hemilä H, Chalker E. Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013, (1), CD000980.
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4
http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/CochraneColds_2013.pdf
http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/CochraneColds_2016.pdf
69. http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC
70.Hemilä H. Vitamin C supplementation and common cold symptoms: problems with inaccurate reviews. Nutrition 1996, 12, 804-809.
Hemilä
1996 Doi Hemila 1996 Hemilä
1996
Manu
with
links
to
Refs Hemilä
1996
PubMed
71.Chalmers TC. Effects of ascorbic acid on the common cold: an evaluation of the evidence. Am J Med 1975, 58, 532-536.
Chalmers
1975 Doi Chalmers
1975
PubMed Chalmers 1975 ch Chalmers 1975 bm
72.Karlowski TR, Chalmers TC, Frenkel LD, Kapikian AZ, Lewis TL, Lynch
JM. Ascorbic acid for the common cold: a prophylactic and therapeutic
trial. JAMA 1975, 231, 1038-1042.
Karlowski
1975 Doi Karlowski
1975
ch Karlowski
1975
bm Karlowski
1975 PubMed
Additional data
published in Lewis 1975 Doi Lewis
1975 ch Lewis 1975 PubMed
See a re-analysis
of the Karlowski trial by Hemilä 1996 and Hemilä 2006
and analysis of dose dependency in
Hemilä
1999a
See comments on the re-analysis by Chalmers (1996)
See reply to Chalmers by Hemilä (1996)
See further statistical
comments of the Karlowski trial in Hemilä
2006
Stat
Med Hemilä
2006
Stat
Med manu
73.Dykes MHM, Meier P. Ascorbic acid and the common cold: evaluation of its efficacy and toxicity. JAMA 1975, 231, 1073-1079.
Dykes
1975 Doi Dykes 1975 Dykes
1975
PubMed
Dykes
1975
ch
74.Hemilä H. Vitamin C intake and susceptibility to the common cold. Br J Nutr 1997, 77, 59-72.
Hemilä 1997 Doi
Hemilä
1997 Hemilä 1997
Manu with links to Refs Hemilä
1997 PubMed
75.Bates CJ, Schorah CJ, Hemilä H. Vitamin C intake and susceptibility
to the common cold: Invited comments and Reply. Br J Nutr 1997, 78,
857-866.
1997
comments 1997
comments
76.Hemilä H. Vitamin C and common cold incidence: a review of studies
with subjects under heavy physical stress. Int J Sports Med 1996, 17,
379-383.
Hemilä 1996 Doi
Hemilä 1996 Hemilä
1996
Manu
with
links
to
Refs Hemilä
1996
PubMed
77.Hemilä H. Vitamin C and sex differences in respiratory tract infections. Resp Med 2008, 102, 625-626.
Hemilä 2008 Doi Hemila 2008 Hemilä 2008 Manu with links to refs
78.Baird IM, Hughes RE, Wilson HK, Davies JE, Howard AN. The effects of
ascorbic acid and flavonoids on the occurrence of symptoms normally
associated with the common cold. Am J Clin Nutr 1979, 32, 1686-1690.
Baird
1979 AJCN
Baird
1979 PubMed
79.Johnston CS, Barkyoumb GM, Schumacher SS. Vitamin C supplementation
slightly improves physical activity levels and reduces cold incidence
in men with marginal vitamin C status: a randomized controlled trial.
Nutrients 2014, 6, 2572-2583.
Johnston 2014 DOI Johnston 2014 PMC
Johnston 2014 PubMed
Johnston 2014 Abstract
Osterday 2011 MSc thesis
80.Anderson TW, Reid DBW, Beaton GH. Vitamin C and the common cold: a double-blind trial. Can Med Assoc J 1972, 107, 503-508.
Anderson 1972 PMC *
Correction 1: (1973);108:133
Correction 2: (1973);108:492
Anderson
1972
ch
Anderson
1975
AnnNY
Beaton
1971
PMC
Preshaw
1972
PMC
Spero
1973
letter
BMJ
Pauling's analysis
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/18/18-099.html
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/18/18-100.html
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/18/18-101.html
81.Coulehan JL, Reisinger KS, Rogers KD, Bradley DW. Vitamin C prophylaxis in a boarding school. N Engl J Med 1974, 290, 6-10.
Coulehan
1974 Doi Coulehan
1974
ch Coulehan
1974
bm Coulehan
1974
PubMed
82.Van Straten M, Josling P. Preventing the common cold with a vitamin
C supplement: a double-blind, placebo-controlled survey. Adv Ther 2002,
19, 151-159.
Van
Straten 2002 Doi
Van
Straten 2002 PubMed
83.Hemilä H. Vitamin C supplementation and common cold symptoms:
factors affecting the magnitude of the benefit. Med Hypotheses 1999,
52, 171-178.
Hemilä
1999 Doi Hemilä 1999 Hemilä 1999
Manu with links to Refs Hemilä
1999 PubMed
84.Anderson TW, Suranyi G, Beaton GH. The effect on winter illness of
large doses of vitamin C. Can Med Assoc J 1974, 111, 31-36.
Anderson 1974 PMC Anderson
1974
ch
Pauling's analysis
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/18/18-121.html
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/18/18-122.html
85.Anderson TW, Beaton GH, Corey PN, Spero L. Winter illness and
vitamin C: the effect of relatively low doses. Can Med Assoc J 1975,
112, 823-826.
Anderson
1975
PMC Anderson
1975
ch
86.Constantini NW, Dubnov-Raz G, Eyal BB, Berry EM, Cohen AH, Hemilä H.
The effect of vitamin C on upper respiratory infections in adolescent
swimmers: a randomized trial. Eur J Pediatrics 2011, 170, 59-63.
Constantini 2011 Doi Constantini 2011 PubMed Constantini 2011 Handle
87.Carr AB, Einstein R, Lai YC, Martin NG, Starmer GA. Vitamin C and
the common cold: A second MZ co-twin control study. Acta Genet Med
Gemellol 1981, 30, 249-255.
Carr
1981 (1200 KB) Carr
1981 PubMed Carr
1981
ch Carr
1981
bm
Carr
1981
MJA
ch Carr
1981
MJA
bm Carr
1981 MJA PubMed
88.Bee DM. The vitamin C controversy. Postgrad Med 1980, 67(2), 64.
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/Bee_1980_ch.pdf
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/Bee_1980_bm.pdf
89.Cathcart RF. Vitamin C, titrating to bowel tolerance, anascorbemia,
and acute induced scurvy. Med Hypotheses 1981, 7, 1359-1376.
Cathcart
1981 doi Cathcart
1981
PubMed paper
available via links
Luberoff
1978
ch Luberoff
1978
bm
90.Gern JE. The ABCs of rhinoviruses, wheezing, and asthma. J Virol 2010, 84, 7418–7426.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02290-09
91.Hemilä
H. Vitamin C and common cold-induced asthma: a systematic review and
statistical analysis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2013, 9, 46.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1710-1492-9-46 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4018579
92.Anah CO, Jarike LN, Baig HA. High dose ascorbic acid in Nigerian asthmatics. Trop Geogr Med 1980, 32, 132–137.
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/A/Anah_1980_ch.pdf
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/A/Anah_1980_bm.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423602
93.Schertling M, Winsel K, Müller S, Henning R, Meiske W, Slapke J.
Action of ascorbic acid on clinical course of infection related
bronchial asthma and on reactive oxygen metabolites by BAL cells [in
German]. Z Klin Med 1990, 45, 1770–1774.
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/T9.pdf
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/A/Schertling_1990_ch.pdf
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/A/Schertling_1990_bm.pdf
94.Bucca C, Rolla G, Arossa W, Caria E, Elia C, Nebiolo F, Baldi S.
Effect of ascorbic acid on increased bronchial responsiveness during
upper airway infection. Respiration 1989, 55, 214–219.
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/A/Bucca_1989_Respiration_ch.pdf
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/A/Bucca_1992_ANNYAS_ch.pdf
95.Miegl H. Acute upper respiratory tract infection and its treatment
with vitamin C [in German]. Wien Med Wochenschr 1957, 107, 989-992.
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/T18.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13531063
96.Miegl H. About the use of vitamin C in otorhinolaryngology [in German]. Wien Med Wochenschr 1958, 108, 859-864.
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/T19.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13593475
97.Glazebrook AJ, Thomson S. The administration of vitamin C in a large
institution and its effect on general health and resistance to
infection. J Hyg (Lond) 1942, 42, 1-19.
Glazebrook
1942_PMC Glazebrook
1942
ch
Glazebrook
1942
tables
Comment
in BMJ 1942 June by the authors
Comment
in BMJ 1942 commentary
Comment
in BMJ 1942 Nov by the authors
Comment
in BMJ 1944 Nov by the authors
Description of the study backgound via an earlier
paper in J Hyg (1941)
Pauling's analysis
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-103.html
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-034.html
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-035.html
98.Sabiston BH, Radomski MW. Health Problems and Vitamin C in Canadian
Northern Military Operations. DCIEM Report no. 74-R-1012. Defence and
Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine: Downsview, Ontario, Canada
1974.
Sabiston
1974
ch Sabiston
1974
bm
Sabiston 1974 DRDS
Sabiston 1974 Abstract
99.Peters EM, Goetzsche JM, Grobbelaar B, Noakes TD. Vitamin C
supplementation reduces the incidence of postrace symptoms of
upper-respiratory-tract infection in ultramarathon runners. Am J Clin
Nutr 1993, 57, 170-174.
Peters
1993 AJCN Peters
1993 PubMed Peters 1994 Letter AJCN Peters
1994
Letter
100.Cowan DW, Diehl HS, Baker AB. Vitamins for the prevention of colds. JAMA 1942, 120, 1268-1271.
Cowan
1942 Doi Cowan
1942
ch Cowan
1942
bm
Pauling's analysis
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-096.html
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-097.html
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-098.html
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-099.html
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-100.html
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-101.html
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-029.html
101.Miller JZ, Nance WE, Norton JA, Wolen RL, Griffith RS, Rose RJ.
Therapeutic effect of vitamin C: a co-twin control study. JAMA 1977,
237, 248-251.
Miller
1977 Doi Miller
1977
ch Miller
1977
bm Miller
1977
PubMed
Discussion1
Discussion2
102.Liberati A. Thomas C Chalmers. Lancet 1996, 347, 188.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90369-4
103.Dickersin K. Thomas Clark Chalmers. JAMA 1996, 276, 656-657.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540080078041
See also:
Ann
Intern Med 1996;124:696
Cont
Clin Trials 1996;17:474-5 and 1996;17:471-2 and 1996;17:473-4
Can
Med Assoc J 1996;155:757-60 and 1996;155:
986-8
https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076815586354 https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076815606279
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_C._Chalmers
http://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/29/nyregion/dr-thomas-c-chalmers-a-president-of-mt-sinai-dies-at-78.html
http://www.jameslindlibrary.org/articles/thomas-c-chalmers-1917-1995/
http://community.cochrane.org/news/cochranes-thomas-c-chalmers-award-nominations-open-2017
104.Pincock S. Paul Meier. Lancet 2011, 378, 978.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61438-4
105.Betts K. Paul Meier: A man behind the method. Am J Public Health 2012, 102, 2026–2029.
https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300778
See also:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Meier_(statistician)
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/13/health/13meier.html
https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2011/08/11/paul-meier-statistician-who-helped-change-clinical-research-1924-2011
http://articles.latimes.com/2011/aug/22/local/la-me-paul-meier-20110822
106.Hemilä H. Vitamin C, the placebo effect, and the common cold: a
case study of how preconceptions influence the analysis of results. J
Clin Epidemiol 1996, 49, 1079-1084.
Hemilä
1996 Doi Hemilä 1996 Hemilä
1996
Manu
with
links
to
Refs Hemilä
1996
PubMed
107.Hemilä H. Analysis of clinical data with breached blindness. Stat Med 2006, 25, 1434-1437.
Hemilä 2006 Doi
Hemilä
2006 manuscript Hemilä
2006 PubMed
108.Chalmers TC. Dissent to the preceding article by H. Hemilä. J Clin Epidemiol 1996, 49, 1085.
Chalmers
1996 Hemilä
1996 OCR
109.Hemilä H. To the dissent by Thomas Chalmers. J Clin Epidemiol 1996, 49, 1087.
Hemilä
1996 DOI Hemilä
1996
Manu
with
links
to
Refs Hemilä
1996 OCR
110.Hemilä H, Herman ZS. Vitamin C and the common cold: a retrospective
analysis of Chalmers’ review. J Am Coll Nutr 1995, 14, 116-123.
Hemilä 1995 Doi Hemilä
1995 OCR Hemilä
1995 PubMed
111.Pauling L. Ascorbic acid and the common cold: evaluation of its
efficacy and toxicity. Part I. Medical Tribune 1976, 17(12), 18-19.
Pauling 1976_I
112.Pauling L. Ascorbic acid and the common cold. Part II. Medical Tribune 1976, 17(13), 37-38.
Pauling 1976_II
113.AMA. Council of Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association:
Vitamin preparations as dietary supplements and as therapeutic agents.
JAMA 1987, 257, 1929-1936.
JAMA 257:1929-36 Extract
See other examples of Chalmers (1975) usage in textbooks etc
http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/reviews/chalmers
114.Gander J, Niederberger W. Vitamin C in the treatment of pneumonia
[in German]. Münch Med Wochenschr 1936, 83, 2074-2077. Translation at:
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/T1.pdf
115.Bohnholtzer E. Contribution to the question of pneumonia treatment
with vitamin C [in German]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1937, 63, 1001–1003.
Translation at:
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/T7.pdf
116.Hochwald A. Vitamin C in the treatment of croupous pneumonia [in German]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1937, 63, 182–184.
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/T8.pdf
117.Klenner FR. Virus pneumonia and its treatment with vitamin C. South Med Surg 1948, 110, 36-8 and 46.
Klenner
1948 ch Klenner 1948 Klenner
1948
bm paper
available via links
118.Klenner FR. Massive doses of vitamin C and the virus diseases. South Med Surg 1951, 113, 101-107.
Klenner
1951
ch Klenner 1951 Klenner
1951
bm paper
available via links
119.Dalton WL. Massive doses of vitamin C in the treatment of viral diseases. J Indiana State Med Assoc 1962, 55, 1151-1154.
Dalton
1962
ch Dalton 1962
Dalton
1962
bm Dalton 1962 PubMed
120. Hemilä H. Vitamin C and susceptibility to pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997
Hemilä
1997 doi Hemilä
1997
manu
with
links
to
Refs Hemilä
1997
121.Kimbarowski JA, Mokrow NJ. Colored precipitation reaction of the
urine according to Kimbarowski as an index of the effect of ascorbic
acid during treatment of viral influenza [in German]. Deutsch
Gesundheitsw 1967, 22, 2413-2418.
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/T4.pdf
Kimbarowski
1967 translation
Kimbarowski
1967 PubMed
Kimbarowski
1967
German
ch
Kimbarowski
1967
German
bm
122.Pitt HA, Costrini AM. Vitamin C prophylaxis in marine recruits. JAMA 1979, 241, 908-911.
Pitt
1979 doi Pitt
1979 PubMed
123.Merchant AT, Curhan G, Bendich A, Singh VN, Willett WC, Fawzi WW.
Vitamin intake is not associated with community-acquired pneumonia in
US men. J Nutr 2004, 134, 439–444.
Merchant
2004
124.Hemilä H, Virtamo J, Albanes D, Kaprio J. Vitamin E and
beta-carotene supplementation and hospital-treated pneumonia incidence
in male smokers. Chest 2004, 125, 557-565.
Hemilä
2004 doi
125.Pazzaglia G, Pasternack M. Recent trends of pneumonia morbidity in US Naval personnel. Mil Med 1983, 148, 647–651.
Pazzaglia
1983
ch
Pazzaglia
1983
bm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6415517
126.Paynter S, Ware RS, Weinstein P, Williams G, Sly PD. Childhood
pneumonia: a neglected, climate-sensitive disease? Lancet 2010, 376,
1804–1805.
Paynter 2010 doi Paynter 2010 PubMed
127.Hemilä H. Vitamin C supplementation and respiratory infections: a systematic review. Mil Med 2004, 169, 920-925.
Hemilä
2004 Doi Hemilä
2004
Hemilä
2004 PubMed
128.Klenner FR. Recent discoveries in the treatment of lockjaw with
vitamin C and tolserol. Tri-State Medical Journal 1954, 2(July), 7–11.
Klenner
1954_ch Klenner 1954
Klenner
1954_bm
129.Hemilä H, Koivula T. Vitamin C for preventing and treating tetanus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013, (11), CD006665.
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006665.pub3
http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CT/CochraneTetanus_2013.pdf
http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CT/CT.htm
130. http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CT
131.Jahan K, Ahmad K, Ali MA. Effect of ascorbic acid in the treatment
of tetanus. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 1984, 10, 24-28.
Jahan
1984
ch
Jahan
1984
Jahan
1984
bm Jahan
1984
PubMed
132.Hemilä H. Vitamin C supplementation and the common cold - was Linus
Pauling right or wrong? Int J Vitamin Nutrition Res 1997, 67, 329-335.
Hemilä
1997 Hemilä
1997
Manu with
links to Refs Hemilä
1997
PubMed
133.Stone I. The Healing Factor: Vitamin C Against Disease. Grosset Dunlap: NY, NY, 1972.
https://www.amazon.com/Healing-Factor-Irwin-Stone/dp/0448116936
book
available via links
134.Briggs M. Vitamin C and infectious disease: a review of the
literature and the results of a randomized, double-blind, prospective
study over 8 years. In: Recent Vitamin Research [Briggs MH, ed]. CRC
Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1984; pp. 39-82.
Briggs
1984
ch Briggs
1984
bm Briggs 1984 Ref List
135.Levy TE. Vitamin C, Infectious Diseases, and Toxins. Xlibris: Philadelphia, PA, 2002.
https://www.amazon.com/Curing-Incurable-Vitamin-Infectious-Diseases/dp/0977952029
136.Terezhalmy GT, Bottomley WK, Pelleu GB. The use of water-soluble
bioflavonoid-ascorbic acid complex in the treatment of recurrent herpes
labialis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978, 45, 56-62.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(78)90223-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/339141
137.Chen JY, Chang CY, Feng PH, Chu CC, So EC, Hu ML. Plasma vitamin C
is lower in postherpetic neuralgia patients and administration of
vitamin C reduces spontaneous pain but not brush-evoked pain. Clin J
Pain 2009, 25, 562-569.
https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0b013e318193cf32
138.Orient JM. Treating herpes zoster with vitamin C: two case reports. J Am Physicians Surgeons 2006, 11, 26-27.
http://www.jpands.org/vol11no1/orient.pdf
139.Byun SH, Jeon Y. Administration of vitamin C in a patient with
herpes zoster - a case report. Korean J Pain 2011, 24, 108-111.
https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2011.24.2.108
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3111558
140.Schencking M, Sandholzer H, Frese T. Intravenous administration of
vitamin C in the treatment of herpetic neuralgia: two case reports. Med
Sci Monit. 2010, 16, CS58-CS61.
http://www.medscimonit.com/download/index/idArt/878529
141.Schencking M, Vollbracht C, Weiss G, Lebert J, Biller A, Goyvaerts
B, Kraft K. Intravenous vitamin C in the treatment of shingles: results
of a multicenter prospective cohort study. Med Sci Monit. 2012, 18,
CR215-CR224.
https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.882621
142.Kim MS, Kim DJ, Na CH, Shin BS. A Study of Intravenous
Administration of Vitamin C in the Treatment of Acute Herpetic Pain and
Postherpetic Neuralgia. Ann Dermatol. 2016, 28, 677-683.
https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2016.28.6.677
143.Patrone F, Dallegri F, Bonvini E, Minervini F, Sacchetti C.
Disorders of neutrophil function in children with recurrent pyogenic
infections. Med Microbiol Immunol 1982, 171, 113-122.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02124918
144.Levy R, Shriker O, Porath A, Riesenberg K, Schlaeffer F. Vitamin C
for the treatment of recurrent furunculosis in patients with impaired
neutrophil functions. J Infect Dis 1996, 173, 1502-1505.
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/173.6.1502
145.Galley HF, Howdle PD, Walker BE, Webster NR. The effects of
intravenous antioxidants in patients with septic shock. Free Rad Biol
Med 1997, 23, 768-774.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(97)00059-2
146.Pleiner J, Mittermayer F, Schaller G, MacAllister RJ, Wolzt M. High
doses of vitamin C reverse Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced
hyporeactivity to acetylcholine in the human forearm. Circulation 2002,
106, 1460-1464.
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000030184.70207.FF
147.Klenner FR. Observations on the dose and administration of ascorbic
acid when employed beyond the range of a vitamin in human pathology. J
Appl Nutr 1971, 23, 61-88.
http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/N2017/Ch22_Klenner1971JApplNutr.pdf
paper
available via links
148.Smith GD, Lawlor DA, Harbord R, Timpson N, Day I, Ebrahim S.
Clustered environments and randomized genes: a fundamental distinction
between conventional and genetic epidemiology. PLoS Med 2007, 4, e352.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040352
149.Block G, Norkus E, Hudes M, Mandel S, Helzlsouer K. Which plasma
antioxidants are most related to fruit and vegetable consumption? Am J
Epidemiol 2001, 154, 1113-1118.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/154.12.1113
150.Hemilä H, Kaprio J. Vitamin E supplementation may transiently
increase tuberculosis risk in males who smoke heavily and have high
dietary vitamin C intake. Br J Nutr 2008, 100, 896-902.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508923709
151.Hemilä
H, Kaprio J. Vitamin E supplementation may transiently increase
tuberculosis risk in males who smoke heavily and have high dietary
vitamin C intake – Reply by Hemilä & Kaprio. Br J Nutr 2009, 101,
145-147.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508994423
152.Packer JE, Slater TF, Wilson RL. Direct observation of a free
radical interaction between vitamin E and vitamin C. Nature 1979, 278,
737-738.
Packer 1979 doi
153.Hemilä H, Kaprio J. Modification of the effect of vitamin E
supplementation on the mortality of male smokers by age and dietary
vitamin C. Am J Epidemiol 2009, 169, 946-953.
Hemilä 2009 Doi https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2661323 Hemilä 2009 PubMed
154.Hemilä H, Kaprio J. Vitamin E supplementation and pneumonia risk in
males who initiated smoking at an early age: effect modification by
body weight and vitamin C. Nutr J 2008, 7, 33.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-7-33 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2603040
155.Goodwin JS, Goodwin JM. The tomato effect: rejection of highly efficacious therapies. JAMA 1984, 251, 2387–2390.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1984.03340420053025
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/16827181_The_Tomato_effect_Rejection_of_highly_efficacious_therapies
156.Knipschild P, Kleijnen J, Riet G. Belief in the efficacy of
alternative medicine among general practitioners in the Netherlands.
Soc Sci Med 1990, 31, 625-626.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(90)90099-E
http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/Pauling/Knipschild_1990.pdf
157.Richards E. The politics of therapeutic evaluation: the vitamin C and cancer controversy. Soc Stud Sci 1988, 18, 653-701.
https://doi.org/10.1177/030631288018004004
158.Richards E. Vitamin C and Cancer: Medicine or Politics? St Martins Press: NY, NY, 1991.
http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9781349096060
http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-349-09606-0
https://www.amazon.com/Vitamin-C-Cancer-Medicine-Politics/dp/0312052421
Book reviews:
https://doi.org/10.1038/353125a0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2399293
https://doi.org/10.1086/356441
https://doi.org/10.1080/08109029208629523
https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(92)90029-6
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13518295-400-review-the-trials-and-tribulations-of-vitamin-c/
159. Segerstråle U. Vtamin C and cancer - medicine or politics. Science 1992
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.255.5044.613
http://science.sciencemag.org.libproxy.helsinki.fi/content/255/5044/613
160.Goodwin JS, Tangum MR. Battling quackery: attitudes about
micronutrient supplements in American Academic medicine. Arch Intern
Med 1998, 158, 2187-2191.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.158.20.2187
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13467491_Battling_Quackery_Attitudes_About_Micronutrient_Supplements_in_American_Academic_Medicine
161.Louhiala P, Hemilä H. Can CAM treatments be evidence-based? Focus
on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 2014, 19, 84-89.
https://doi.org/10.1111/fct.12110 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/153047
