After Parker, 1982, and Dong, Donoghue, Cheng & Liu, 2004, with species and genera from WoRMS, and Paleobiology Database
<==o Scalidophora [Cephalorhyncha sensu Neuhaus & van der Land, 2001] |--+-- †Ancalagon minor (Walcott, 1911) Conway Morris, 1977 [Ottoia minor Walcott, 1911] [Ancalagonidae Conway Morris, 1977] | `-- †Fieldia lanceolata Walcott, 1912 [Fieldiidae] `--+--o †Markuelia Val´kov, 1983 [Middle and Late Cambrian protostome embryos] | |-- †M. hunanensis Dong & Donoghue, in Dong, Donoghue, Cheng & Liu, 2004 | `-- †M. secunda `==o Priapulida Delage & Hérouard, 1897 (non Théel, 1906?) sensu lato [Priapuloidea] [incl. Palaeoscolecida Conway Morris & Robison, 1986 sensu Dong, Donoghue, Cheng & Liu, 2004] (makkaramadot) |--o †Palaeoscolecida Conway Morris & Robison, 1986 | |?- †Gamascolex herodes Kraft & Mergl 1989 | |?- †Lecythioscopa simplex (Walcott, 1931) Conway Morris, 1977 | |?-o †Chalazoscolecidae Conway Morris & Peel, 2010 | | |-- †Chalazoscolex pharkus Conway Morris & Peel, 2010 | | `-- †Xystoscolex boreogyrus Conway Morris & Peel, 2010 | |?-o †Tylotitidae Han et al., 2003 | | `-- †Tylotites petiolaris Luo & Hu, 1999 | |--o †Selkirkiidae Conway Morris, 1977 | | `--o †Selkirkia Walcott, 1911 | | |-- †S. columbia Conway Morris, 1977 | | |-- †S. elongata Luo & Hu, 1999 | | |-- †S. sinica Luo & Hu, 1999 | | |-- †S. spencei Resser, 1939 | | `-- †S. willoughbyi Conway Morris & Robison, 1986 | `--+--+--o †Maotianshaniidae | | | |-- †Maotianshania cylindrica Sun & Huo, 1987 | | | `-- †Paramaotianshania zijunia Hu et al., 2012 | | `--+--o †Cricocosmiidae Hou, Bergström, Wang, Feng & Chen, 1999 | | | |-- †Cricocosmia jinningensis Hou & Sun, 2003 | | | |-- †Houscolex lepidotus Zhang & Pratt, 1996 | | | `--o †Tabelliscolex Han, Zhang & Shu, 2003 | | | |-- †T. chengjiangensis Han et al. 2007 | | | `-- †T. hexagonus Han, Zhang & Shu, 2003 | | `--o †Palaeoscolecidae Whittard 1953 | | |-- †Guanduscolex minor Hu, Li, Luo, Fu, You, Pang, Liu &Steiner, 2008 | | |--o †Hadimopanella Gedik, 1977 | | | |-- †H. apicata Wrona, 1982 | | | `-- †H. oezgueli Gedik, 1977 | | |--o †Kaimenella Märss, 1988 | | | |-- †K. dailyi Brock & Cooper, 1993 | | | `-- †K. reticulata Märss, 1988 | | |-- †Mafangscolex sinensis Hu, 2005 | | |--o †Palaeoscolex Whittard 1953 | | | |-- †P. lubovae | | | |-- †P. piscatorum | | | `-- †P. spinosus | | `-- †Sahascolex labyrinthus Ivantsov & Wrona, 2004 | `--o †Ottoiidae Walcott, 1911 | |-- †Ottoia prolifica Walcott, 1911 | `--+-- †Scolecofurca rara Conway Morris, 1977 | `--o †Louisellidae [Miskoiidae Walcott, 1911] | |-- †Louisella pedunculata Walcott, 1911 | `--o †Corynetis [Anningvermis Huang et al. 2004] | |-- †C. multispinosus (Huang et al. 2004) [Anningvermis multispinosus Huang et al. 2004] | |-- †C. brevis Luo & Hu, 1999 | `-- †C. fortis Hu et al., 2012 `--+--o Kinorhyncha Reinhard, 1881 (mud dragons; okakaulamadot) | |--o Homalorhagida | | `--o Homalorhagae | | |--o Pycnophyidae Zelinka, 1896 | | | |-- Kinorhynchus Sheremetevskij, 1974 [Leptodemus; Trachydemus Zelinka, 1907] | | | `-- Pycnophyes Zelinka, 1907 [Centrophyes; Hyalophyes] | | `--o Neocentrophyidae Higgins, 1969 | | |--o Neocentrophyes Higgins, 1969 | | | |-- N. intermedius Higgins, 1969 | | | `-- N. satyai Higgins, 1969 | | `--o Paracentrophyes Higgins, 1983 | | |-- P. anurus Sørensen, Pardos, Herranz & Rho, 2010 | | |-- P. praedictus Higgins, 1983 | | `-- P. quadridentatus (Zelinka, 1928) [Paracentrophyes flagellatus (Zelinka, 1928) ] | `--o Cyclorhagida | |?-o Antygomonas Nebelsick, 1990 [Antigomonas Nebelsick, 1990 unjust. emend.??][Antygomonidae Adrianov & Malakhov, 1994] | | |-- A. incomitata Nebelsick, 1990 [Antigomonas incomitata Nebelsick, 1990] | | |-- A. oreas Bauer-Nebelsick, 1996 | | `-- A. paulae Sørensen, 2007 | |?-o Dracoderes Higgins & Shirayama, 1990 [Dracoderidae Higgins & Shirayama, 1990] | | |-- D. abei Higgins & Shirayama, 1990 | | |-- D. gallaicus Sørensen, Herranz, Rho, Min, Yamasaki, Sánchez & Pardos, 2012 | | `-- D. orientalis Adrianov, in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999 | |?-o Zelinkaderidae Higgins, 1990 | | |-- Triodontoderes anulap Sørensen & Rho, 2009 | | `--o Zelinkaderes Higgins, 1990 | | |-- Z. brightae Sørensen, Heiner, Ziemer & Neuhaus, 2007 | | |-- Z. floridensis Higgins, 1990 | | |-- Z. klepali Bauer-Nebelsick, 1995 | | `-- Z. submersus (Gerlach, 1969) [Cateria submersa Gerlach, 1969] | |--o Cyclorhagae | | |--o Echinoderidae Zelinka, 1894 | | | |--o Cephalorhyncha Adrianov, in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999 | | | | |-- C. asiatica (Adrianov, 1989) [Echinoderes asiaticus Adrianov, 1989] | | | | |-- C. liticola Sørensen, 2008 | | | | `-- C. nybakkeni (Higgins, 1986) [Echinoderes nybakkeni Higgins, 1986] | | | |-- Echinoderes Clarapède, 1863 [Centropsis; Echinoderella; Habroderella; Habroderes; Hapaloderes] | | | |--o Fissuroderes Neuhaus & Blasche, 2006 | | | | |-- F. higginsi Neuhaus, in Neuhaus & Blasche, 2006 | | | | |-- F. novaezealandia Neuhaus, in Neuhaus & Blasche, 2006 | | | | |-- F. papai Neuhaus, in Neuhaus & Blasche, 2006 | | | | |-- F. rangi Neuhaus, in Neuhaus & Blasche, 2006 | | | | `-- F. thermoi Neuhaus & Blasche, 2006 | | | |--o Meristoderes Herranz, Thormar, Benito, Sánchez & Sørensen, 2012 | | | | |-- M. elleae Sørensen, Rho, Min, Kim & Chang, 2012 | | | | |-- M. galatheae Herranz, Thormar, Benito, Sánchez & Pardos, 2012 | | | | |-- M. glaber Sørensen, Rho, Min, Kim & Chang, 2012 | | | | |-- M. herranzae Sørensen, Rho, Min, Kim & Chang, 2012 | | | | |-- M. imugi Sørensen, Rho, Min, Kim & Chang, 2012 | | | | `-- M. macracanthus Herranz, Thormar, Benito, Sánchez & Pardos, 2012 | | | `-- Polacanthoderes martinezi Sørensen, 2008 | | `--o Centroderidae Zelinka, 1896 | | |--o Campyloderes Zelinka, 1907 | | | |-- C. macquariae Johnston, 1938 | | | `--o C. vanhoeffeni Zelinka, 1913 | | | `-- C. vanhoeffeni var. kerguelensis Zelinka, 1913 [Campyloderes kerguelensis (Zelinka, 1913) Johnston, 1938] | | |--o Centroderes Zelinka, 1907 [incl. Zelinkiana Sheremetevskij, 1974; Reinhardella Sheremetevskij, 1974] | | | |-- C. eisigii Zelinka, 1928 | | | `-- C. spinosus (Reinhard, 1881) [Campyloderes adherens Nyholm, 1947; Centroderes agigensis Bacescu, 1963; Reinhardella euxinica Sheremetevskij, 1974; Reinhardella spinosa Sheremetevskij, 1974; Zelinkiana adunca Sheremetevskij, 1974; Zelinkiana agigensis Sheremetevskij, 1974; Zelinkiana euxinica Sheremetevskij, 1974; Zelinkiana pseudospinosa Sheremetevskij, 1974; Zelinkiana spinosa Sheremetevskij, 1974] | | `--o Condyloderes Higgins, 1969 | | |-- C. megastigma Sørensen, Rho & Kim, 2010 | | |-- C. multispinosus (McIntyre, 1962) [Centroderes multispinosus McIntyre, 1962] | | |-- C. paradoxus Higgins, 1969 | | |-- C. setoensis Adrianov, Murakami & Shirayama, 2002 | | `-- C. storchi Higgins, in Martorelli & Higgins, 2004 | |--o Conchorhagae | | `--o Semnoderidae Remane, 1929 | | |--o Semnoderes Zelinka, 1907 | | | |?- ?S. armatus (Zelinka, 1928) (nomen dubium) | | | |-- S. armiger Zelinka, 1928 | | | |-- S. pacificus Higgins, 1967 | | | `-- S. ponticus Bacescu & Bacescu, 1956 | | `--o Sphenoderes Higgins, 1969 | | |-- S. indicus Higgins, 1969 | | `-- S. poseidon Sørensen, Rho & Kim, 2010 | `--o Cryptorhagae | `--o Cateriidae Gerlach, 1956 | `--o Cateria Gerlach, 1956 | |-- C. gerlachi Higgins, 1968 | `-- C. styx Gerlach, 1956 `--+--o Loricifera Kristensen, 1983 (Brush heads) | `--o Nanaloricida | |--o Nanaloricidae | | |--o Armorloricus | | | |-- A. davidi Kristensen & Gad, 2004 | | | |-- A. elegans Kristensen & Gad, 2004 | | | `-- A. kristenseni Heiner, 2004 | | |-- Culexiregiloricus trichiscalida Gad, 2009 | | |--o Nanaloricus Kristensen, 1983 | | | |-- N. khaitatus Todaro & Kristensen, 1998 | | | `-- N. mysticus Kristensen, 1983 | | `--o Phoeniciloricus Gad, 2004 | | |-- P. implidigitatus Gad, 2004 | | `-- A. simplidigitatus Gad, 2004 | `--o Pliciloricidae Higgins & Kristensen, 1986 | |--o Pliciloricus Higgins & Kristensen, 1986 | | |-- P. corvus Gad, 2005 | | |-- P. diva Gad, 2009 | | |-- P. dubius Higgins & Kristensen, 1986 | | |-- P. enigmaticus Higgins & Kristensen, 1986 | | |-- P. gracilis Higgins & Kristensen, 1986 | | |-- P. hadalis Kristensen & Shirayama, 1988 | | |-- P. leocaudatus Heiner & Kristensen, 2005 | | |-- P. orphanus Higgins & Kristensen, 1986 | | |-- P. pedicularis Gad, 2005 | | |-- P. profundus Higgins & Kristensen, 1986 | | |-- P. senicirrus Gad, 2005 | | `-- P. shukeri Heiner & Kristensen, 2005 | |--o Rugiloricus Higgins & Kristensen, 1986 | | |-- R. carolinensis Higgins & Kristensen, 1986 | | |-- R. cauliculus Higgins & Kristensen, 1986 | | |-- R. doliolius Gad, 2005 | | |-- R. ornatus Higgins & Kristensen, 1986 | | `-- R. polaris Gad & Arbizu, 2005 | `-- Titaniloricus inexpectatovus Gad, 2005 `--o Priapulida Delage & Hérouard, 1897 (non Théel, 1906?) sensu stricto [Priapuloidea] (Recent priapulid worms, penis worms; makkaramadot) |--o Tubiluchidae | |-- Meiopriapulus fijiensis Morse, 1981 | `--o Tubiluchus van der Land, 1968 | |-- T. arcticus Adrianov, Malakhov, Tchesunov & Tzetlin, 1989 | |-- T. australensis van der Land, 1985 | |-- T. corallicola van der Land, 1968 | |-- T. philippinensis van der Land, 1985 | |-- T. remanei van der Land, 1982 | |-- T. troglodytes Todaro & Shirley, 2003 | `-- T. vanuatensis Adrianov & Malakhov, 1991 `--+--o Maccabeus Por, 1973 [Seticoronaria: Seticoronarida: Maccabeidae] | |-- M. tentaculatus Por, 1973 | `-- M. cirratus Malakhov, 1979 `--o Priapulidae [Priapulimorpha: Priapulimorphida Salvini-Plawen, 1974:] |--o Halicryptus von Siebold, 1849 [Halicryptomorpha: Halicryptomorphida: Halicryptidae] | |-- H. higginsi Shirley & Storch, 1999 | `-- H. spinulosus von Siebold, 1849 `--+--+-- †Priapulites konecniorum Schram, 1973 | `-- †Xiaoheiqingella peculiaris Hu, 2002 [Yunnanpriapulus halteroformis Huang et al., 2004] `--+--o Priapulopsis Koren & Danielssen, 1875 | |-- P. australis (de Guerne, 1886) | |-- P. bicaudatus (Koren & Danielssen, 1868) | `-- P. cnidephorus Salvini-Plawen, 1973 `--+-- Acanthopriapulus horridus (Théel, 1911) van der Land, 1970 `--o Priapulus Lamarck, 1816 |-- P. abyssorum Menzies, 1959 |-- P. caudatus Lamarck, 1816 `-- P. tuberculatospinosus (Baird, 1868)
Reference(s):
- Conway Morris, S. & Peel, J. S., 2010: New palaeoscolecidan worms from Lower Cambrian: Sirius Passet, Latham Shale and Kinzers Shale.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 55, #1, pp. 141-156 [doi: 10.4202/app.2009.0058] - Dong, X.-p., Donoghue, P. C. J., Cheng, H. & Liu, J.-b., 2004: Fossil embryos from the Middle and Late Cambrian period of Hunan, south China.
–Nature: Vol. 427, pp. 237-240 - Han, J., Liu, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, X. & Shu, D., 2007: Trunk ornament on the palaeoscolecid worms Cricocosmia and Tabelliscolex from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang deposits of China.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 52, #2, pp. 423-431 - van der Land, J., 2015: Priapulida (visited: 2015-03-29).
–iNet: WoRMS &8211; World Register of Marine Species: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101063 - van der Land, J., 2015: Nanaloricida (visited: 2015-03-29).
–iNet: WoRMS &8211; World Register of Marine Species: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101066 - Neuhaus, B., 2015: World list of Kinorhyncha. (visited: 2015-03-29)
–iNet: WoRMS – World Register of Marine Species: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101060 - Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
–McGrew-Hill Book Company